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Papers by Prakash Goudanavar

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jun 1, 2024

Micro and nanosystems, Jun 18, 2024

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Mar 7, 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the formulated sustained-release flo... more Objective: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the formulated sustained-release floating matrix tablets of valganciclovir hydrochloride to produce a stable and bioavailable dosage form. Methods: The tablets were prepared using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, Hydroxy-propyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and Povidone. The formulations were subjected to evaluation characteristics such as drug content, hardness, friability, float ing lag time, total floating time, and In vitro drug dissolution studies. Results: The formulation composition and method of manufacturing are novel for this particular active moiety and robustness was assessed using a central composite design. All the formulation trials exhibited more than 90% of drug release in 12 h duration, with a floating lag time of more than 11 h, and drug content was found more than 90% across the batches. The hardness and friability profiles were found to be uniform across the batches. The preliminary evaluation confirms the received drug is pure and FTIR results show that the drug and excipients are compatible. The hardness and friability profiles were found consistent across the batches. All the formulation trials of central composite de sign have shown more than 90% of drug release in 12 h duration, with a floating lag time of more than 11 h, and drug content was found more than 90% across the batches. Conclusion: The formulated valganciclovir hydrochloride sustained release floating matrix tablets showed an increased GRT with a sustained release for 12 h, thereby allowing a better window for absorption and consequently improving the drug's therapeutic effect.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Feb 23, 2024

Oral oncology reports, Mar 1, 2024

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Dec 26, 2023

Background: The topical administration of antifungal drugs by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) ha... more Background: The topical administration of antifungal drugs by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) has enormous potential. This study aimed to develop a topical 5-flucytosine-loaded SLNs gel to improve the efficacy of the well-known antifungal drug in the treatment of wound healing. Materials and Methods: In order to create 5-flucytosine SLNs, a five-level, two-factor Central-composite design was used. Stearic acid and Poloxamer 407 concentrations of surfactants were chosen as independent factors, and particle size and %Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) were chosen as dependent variables. The produced 5-Flucytosine-SLNs were examined using SEM analysis, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and particle size measurements. Additionally, Carbopol 934 was used to incorporate the improved 5-Flucytosine-SLN formula into gel. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that 5-Flucytosine-SLNs had colloidal sizes with an essentially spherical shape and no aggregation. 5-Flucytosine-SLNs were discovered to have a particle size of 720.4 nm and an Entrapment Efficiency (EE) of 90.28%. The in vitro release, among other assessment criteria, was evaluated for the improved SLN gels. Conclusion: The study's conclusions imply that the topical gels made with 5-Flucytosine-loaded SLNs must be effective in the management of wound healing.

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, May 7, 2021

Objective: The intent to prepare and evaluate Linezolid in-situ gel in the treatment of periodont... more Objective: The intent to prepare and evaluate Linezolid in-situ gel in the treatment of periodontitis. Methods: pH-sensitive in-situ gel was formed by the cold method using a varying concentration of the drug, carbopol 934P and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carbopol 934P and sodium carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) (1:1,1:1.5,1:2,1:2.5). An optimized batch was selected based on gelling time and gelling capacity. The prepared in-situ gels were evaluated for appearance, pH, gelling capacity, viscosity, in vitro release studies, rheological studies, and finally, was subjected to drug content estimation and antibacterial activity test. Results: FTIR study shows drug and physical mixture were compatible with each other. The rheology of formulated in-situ gel exhibited a pseudoplastic flow pattern. this may be because when polymer concentration was increased the prepared formulations become more viscous and in turn delayed the drug release and from the prepared formulation, LF4 and SF4 have polymer concentrations i. e, 0.9% carbopol and sodium CMC showed drug release up to 12 h. Conclusion: When carbopol is appropriately mixed with other suitable polymers it forms an in-situ gel-forming system that was substantiated by the property to transform into stiff gels when the pH is increased. The in-situ gel was prepared using a combination of carbopol-HPMC and carbopol-Na CMC The formulations LF1 to SF4 showed high linearity (R2 = 0.490-0.682), indicating that the drug was released from the prepared in-situ gel by the diffusion-controlled mechanism. Thus, the formulation of batches LF4 and SF4 containing carbopol: HPMC and carbopol: NaCMC in 1:2 ratios were considered as optimum formulation based on optimum viscosity, gelling capacity and to extend the in vitro drug release.

Molecules, Jul 6, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Advance pharmaceutical journal, 2019

The main objective of ocular drug delivery is to improve the currently available conventional dos... more The main objective of ocular drug delivery is to improve the currently available conventional dosage form and exploit newer drug delivery system, with the view to improve their therapeutic efficiency. Topical application of eye drops is quite common among the patients suffered from the eye diseases. Commonly used conventional eye drops shows low ocular bioavailability due to constant lachrymal secretion, tear turnover, blinking, reflex and rapid nasolachrymal drainage. Normal drainage of an instilled dose commences immediately on instillation and is essentially completed within 5 min (Achouri et al., 2013). Typically less than 5% of ocular bioavailability is achieved for eye drops due to the short precorneal residence times. Consequently, there is a need for frequent instillation of concentrated solutions to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. To overcome these problems various ophthalmic formulations, such as viscous solutions, ointments, gels, nanoparticles or polymeric inserts have been investigated (Patel et al., 2013). The corneal contact time has been increased to varying degrees by these vehicles. But, they have not been unanimously accepted, because of blurred vision (e.g. ointments) or lack of patient compliance (e.g. inserts). As a result, good ocular bioavailability following topical delivery of a drug to the eye remains a challenge and yet to be resolved (Li et al., 2010). In order to improve ocular bioavailability many research on drug reservoir system have been made. These reservoir systems are carrier of drug molecules and the controller of the drug release pattern. Cubosome is recently developed drug reservoir system and successfully used for ocular drug

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jul 23, 2023

Antibiotic efficiency declines in TB treatment and bacteria develop resistance over time due to n... more Antibiotic efficiency declines in TB treatment and bacteria develop resistance over time due to numerous barriers such as lung mucus and biofilms surrounding the microbe. To tackle drug-resistant tuberculosis, there is a critical need for the discovery of novel medications and the repurposing of existing drugs with new mechanisms of action. Despite these challenges Vascular drug delivery shows promise as a potential treatment option for tuberculosis due to its ability to achieve high medicine levels at the infection site with reducing toxicities. The inhalable antitubercular Microparticles (MP) are directly bound in a thick mucin mess network in the lungs, that allows for high concentrations at the site of action while limiting systemic distribution, resulting in more effective therapy with lower required doses, side effects and rapid elimination by mucociliary clearance. there are several challenges in obtaining a such formulation to meets all of the criteria for physico-chemical, aerodynamic, and biological properties, which is why only a small number of the investigated systems can reach the clinical trial phase and proceed to everyday use. The current study focuses on methods to create inhalable Microparticles for antitubercular drug delivery systems by using different carriers to the lungs, stressing how drug bioavailability, Drug Deposition might be affected by the route of administration. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the novel distribution techniques and Evaluation parameters are explored.

International journal of nanoparticle research, 2018

The main objective of the present work was to prepare pomegranate peel extract based nano particl... more The main objective of the present work was to prepare pomegranate peel extract based nano particles by chemical complexation method. Ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel were prepared by using Soxhlet apparatus and evaluated for phyto-chemical constituents. Qualitative analysis showed that pomegranate peel extract showed positive results for alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins and terpenoids. The percentage moisture content and pH of the extract was found to be 72% and 3.6 respectively. A zeta potential and particle size of prepared nanoparticles was found in the range of -24.6 to– 34.5 mV and 118.6 nm to 231.7 nm, respectively. These range confirms that obtained particles were in nano range, i.e. <500 nm size. SEM results indicated the formation of nanoparticles and were relatively spherical in shape. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis confirms the presence of AgNPs. Prepared peel extracts based nanoparticle showed promising antimicrobial and antifungal properties.

International journal of pharmaceutical investigation, Jul 28, 2022

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2018

Journal of The Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Sep 1, 2023

International Journal of Drug Delivery, Nov 17, 2011

The aim of this investigation was to prepare, characterize and optimize the irinotecan loaded pro... more The aim of this investigation was to prepare, characterize and optimize the irinotecan loaded proniosomes for overall improvement in the efficacy, reduced toxicity and enhancement of therapeutic index of irinotecan. Proniosomes of Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate were prepared by slurry method using different surfactants, cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate. The formulations were then characterized with respect to shape and surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, invitro drug release profile, invivo drug targeting studies and stability under specific conditions. The formulated proniosomes were smoother indicating a thin and uniform coating over maltodextrin powder. The highest entrapment efficiency was found in formulation F4 with 74.23±3.1%. Highest cumulative percent drug release was observed with formulation F1 with 98.19% in 24 h. The in vivo result of formulated proniosomes of Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate reveals that the d preferentially targeting to liver followed by lungs and spleen. The results of investigation demonstrated that proniosomes offers an alternative colloidal carrier approach in achieving drug targeting. The results obtained for the present study clearly revealed that proniosomes containing irinotecan are retained at targeted sites and are capable of releasing there drug for the extended period of time.

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Sep 2, 2010

Purpose: To investigate the production of antibiotic from actinomycetes isolated from soil and ev... more Purpose: To investigate the production of antibiotic from actinomycetes isolated from soil and evaluate its antimicrobial activities. Methods: In a medium formulation study, A-4 and A-4 actinomycete mutant strains (out of the six strains selected from the nine actinomycetes that were screened) were evaluated for maximum antibiotic production using various carbon and nitrogen sources. Zone of inhibition and packed cell volume were the parameters used for the evaluation. Various fermentation conditions such as pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen were also optimized for maximal production of antibiotic from both A-4 and A-4 mutant. Results: Some actinomycetes strains showed promising antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi. Out of the six strains selected, one strain, designated A-4, showed maximum antimicrobial property against Gram positive and Gram negative strains as well as against various fungi. Conclusion: Findings from this investigation reveal that strain A-4 and A-4 mutant strains, in that order, exhibited superior antimicrobial activities to other soil isolates of actinomycetes.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Apr 29, 2021

Peptic ulcer (gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer) is very common chronic disorder of stomach which ... more Peptic ulcer (gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer) is very common chronic disorder of stomach which is mainly caused by the damage or impairment of stomach lining. Various factors such as pepsin, gastric acid, H. pylori, NSAIDs, prostaglandins, mucous, bicarbonate and blood flow to mucosa play an important role in causing peptic ulcer. In this review article, our main focus is on some important approaches (floating, bioadhesive, high density, swellable and magnetic systems) which are helpful in gastro retention of different dosage forms for treatment of peptic ulcer. Various factors such as composition of meal, nature of meal, gender, age, posture, size, shape, density of the dosage form influence the efficiency of above approaches. Currently, a lot of work is running to improve different types of gastro retentive delivery systems of a wide range of drugs and compensate the effects of above factors. In the future, it is anticipated that they will become of growing significance, finally leading to improved efficiency of various types of pharmacotherapies.

Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Sep 22, 2018

Background: Recent developments in fast dissolving tablets have brought convenience in dosing to ... more Background: Recent developments in fast dissolving tablets have brought convenience in dosing to pediatric and elderly patients who have trouble in swallowing tablets.The main objective of the present study is to formulate fast dissolving tablet of Lornoxicam by direct compression method. Methods: Guar gum and crospovidone were used as natural and synthetic superdisintegrants respectively. Fast dissolving tablet of Lornoxicam were prepared by direct compression technique using three different approaches; superdisintegrant addition, sublimation, and solid dispersion. Results: IR and DSC studies showed no interaction between the drug and the excipients. All formulation showed disintegration time ranging from 16.09-42.54 second. Wetting time and disintegration time decreased by increasing the super disintegrant concentration from 2.5% to 5% w/w. Formulae L16 gave the best in-vitro disintegration and dissolution results, which would be due to swelling effect of Gaur gum and amorphization of the drug during the solid dispersion preparation.The best formulation L16 was subjected to stability testing for 3 month and results showed no significant change in appearance, hardness, drug content and dissolution profile of the tablets, hence tablet is stable throughout its stability studies. Conclusion: It was concluded that fast dissolving tablets of Lornoxicam were formulated successfully with desired characteristics which disintegrated rapidly; provided rapid onset of action; and enhanced the patient convenience and compliance.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2019

Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Sep 22, 2018

Background: Nanoparticles are those whose size ranges 1 nm to 100 nm. They are in different sizes... more Background: Nanoparticles are those whose size ranges 1 nm to 100 nm. They are in different sizes and shape, such as triangular, spherical, irregular, etc. In recent years, nanoparticles synthesis has received considerable attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. Powdered sample (100gm)was extracted with 800ml ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method for 6 hours. The resultant extract was used to prepare nanoparticles. Methods: The main objective of the present work was to prepare pomegranate and orange peel extract based nano particles by chemical complexation method. Ethanolic extracts of pomegranate and orange peel were prepared by using Soxhlet apparatus and evaluated for phyto-chemical constituents. Results: Qualitative analysis of pomegranate peel showed positive results for Alkaloids, Anthraquinones, Saponins and Terpenoids, where as orange peel showed positive results for Alkaloids, Tannin and Saponins. The percentage moisture content obtained from the 2 fruits (pomegranate and orange) was 72% and 96.12% respectively. The pH was found to be 3.6 and 3.8 for pomegranate and orange respectively. A zeta potential of prepared nanoparticles for pomegranate extract was found in the range of-24.6 mV to-34.5 mV (P20 & P50) and-21.4 mV to 32.0 mV (O20 & O50) for orange extract, respectively. These values of nanoparticles having higher surface charge which indicates there is least chance of aggregation. The particle size for pomegranate extract was found in the range of 118.6 nm to 231.7 nm (P20 & P30) and 178.8 nm to 191.6 nm (O20 & O50) for orange extract, respectively. These range confirms that obtained particles were in nano range, i.e. <500 nm size. SEM results indicated the formation of nanoparticles and were relatively spherical in shape. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis confirms the presence of AgNPs. Conclusion: The silver nanoparticles were prepared by using fruit peels extract of pomegranate and orange. Computability study FT-IR showed no any change of functional groups of peel extracts in prepared nanoparticles. Zeta potential showed higher value hence less particle aggregation. Prepared nanoparticles were spherical in shape and having particle size of approximately 200±20nm. Further the study will be extended for anti-microbial and wound healing activities.

European journal of pharmaceutical sciences, Jun 1, 2024

Micro and nanosystems, Jun 18, 2024

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, Mar 7, 2024

Objective: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the formulated sustained-release flo... more Objective: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the formulated sustained-release floating matrix tablets of valganciclovir hydrochloride to produce a stable and bioavailable dosage form. Methods: The tablets were prepared using hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, Hydroxy-propyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and Povidone. The formulations were subjected to evaluation characteristics such as drug content, hardness, friability, float ing lag time, total floating time, and In vitro drug dissolution studies. Results: The formulation composition and method of manufacturing are novel for this particular active moiety and robustness was assessed using a central composite design. All the formulation trials exhibited more than 90% of drug release in 12 h duration, with a floating lag time of more than 11 h, and drug content was found more than 90% across the batches. The hardness and friability profiles were found to be uniform across the batches. The preliminary evaluation confirms the received drug is pure and FTIR results show that the drug and excipients are compatible. The hardness and friability profiles were found consistent across the batches. All the formulation trials of central composite de sign have shown more than 90% of drug release in 12 h duration, with a floating lag time of more than 11 h, and drug content was found more than 90% across the batches. Conclusion: The formulated valganciclovir hydrochloride sustained release floating matrix tablets showed an increased GRT with a sustained release for 12 h, thereby allowing a better window for absorption and consequently improving the drug's therapeutic effect.

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Feb 23, 2024

Oral oncology reports, Mar 1, 2024

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Dec 26, 2023

Background: The topical administration of antifungal drugs by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) ha... more Background: The topical administration of antifungal drugs by Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) has enormous potential. This study aimed to develop a topical 5-flucytosine-loaded SLNs gel to improve the efficacy of the well-known antifungal drug in the treatment of wound healing. Materials and Methods: In order to create 5-flucytosine SLNs, a five-level, two-factor Central-composite design was used. Stearic acid and Poloxamer 407 concentrations of surfactants were chosen as independent factors, and particle size and %Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) were chosen as dependent variables. The produced 5-Flucytosine-SLNs were examined using SEM analysis, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and particle size measurements. Additionally, Carbopol 934 was used to incorporate the improved 5-Flucytosine-SLN formula into gel. Results: The outcomes demonstrated that 5-Flucytosine-SLNs had colloidal sizes with an essentially spherical shape and no aggregation. 5-Flucytosine-SLNs were discovered to have a particle size of 720.4 nm and an Entrapment Efficiency (EE) of 90.28%. The in vitro release, among other assessment criteria, was evaluated for the improved SLN gels. Conclusion: The study's conclusions imply that the topical gels made with 5-Flucytosine-loaded SLNs must be effective in the management of wound healing.

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, May 7, 2021

Objective: The intent to prepare and evaluate Linezolid in-situ gel in the treatment of periodont... more Objective: The intent to prepare and evaluate Linezolid in-situ gel in the treatment of periodontitis. Methods: pH-sensitive in-situ gel was formed by the cold method using a varying concentration of the drug, carbopol 934P and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carbopol 934P and sodium carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) (1:1,1:1.5,1:2,1:2.5). An optimized batch was selected based on gelling time and gelling capacity. The prepared in-situ gels were evaluated for appearance, pH, gelling capacity, viscosity, in vitro release studies, rheological studies, and finally, was subjected to drug content estimation and antibacterial activity test. Results: FTIR study shows drug and physical mixture were compatible with each other. The rheology of formulated in-situ gel exhibited a pseudoplastic flow pattern. this may be because when polymer concentration was increased the prepared formulations become more viscous and in turn delayed the drug release and from the prepared formulation, LF4 and SF4 have polymer concentrations i. e, 0.9% carbopol and sodium CMC showed drug release up to 12 h. Conclusion: When carbopol is appropriately mixed with other suitable polymers it forms an in-situ gel-forming system that was substantiated by the property to transform into stiff gels when the pH is increased. The in-situ gel was prepared using a combination of carbopol-HPMC and carbopol-Na CMC The formulations LF1 to SF4 showed high linearity (R2 = 0.490-0.682), indicating that the drug was released from the prepared in-situ gel by the diffusion-controlled mechanism. Thus, the formulation of batches LF4 and SF4 containing carbopol: HPMC and carbopol: NaCMC in 1:2 ratios were considered as optimum formulation based on optimum viscosity, gelling capacity and to extend the in vitro drug release.

Molecules, Jul 6, 2022

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY

Advance pharmaceutical journal, 2019

The main objective of ocular drug delivery is to improve the currently available conventional dos... more The main objective of ocular drug delivery is to improve the currently available conventional dosage form and exploit newer drug delivery system, with the view to improve their therapeutic efficiency. Topical application of eye drops is quite common among the patients suffered from the eye diseases. Commonly used conventional eye drops shows low ocular bioavailability due to constant lachrymal secretion, tear turnover, blinking, reflex and rapid nasolachrymal drainage. Normal drainage of an instilled dose commences immediately on instillation and is essentially completed within 5 min (Achouri et al., 2013). Typically less than 5% of ocular bioavailability is achieved for eye drops due to the short precorneal residence times. Consequently, there is a need for frequent instillation of concentrated solutions to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. To overcome these problems various ophthalmic formulations, such as viscous solutions, ointments, gels, nanoparticles or polymeric inserts have been investigated (Patel et al., 2013). The corneal contact time has been increased to varying degrees by these vehicles. But, they have not been unanimously accepted, because of blurred vision (e.g. ointments) or lack of patient compliance (e.g. inserts). As a result, good ocular bioavailability following topical delivery of a drug to the eye remains a challenge and yet to be resolved (Li et al., 2010). In order to improve ocular bioavailability many research on drug reservoir system have been made. These reservoir systems are carrier of drug molecules and the controller of the drug release pattern. Cubosome is recently developed drug reservoir system and successfully used for ocular drug

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jul 23, 2023

Antibiotic efficiency declines in TB treatment and bacteria develop resistance over time due to n... more Antibiotic efficiency declines in TB treatment and bacteria develop resistance over time due to numerous barriers such as lung mucus and biofilms surrounding the microbe. To tackle drug-resistant tuberculosis, there is a critical need for the discovery of novel medications and the repurposing of existing drugs with new mechanisms of action. Despite these challenges Vascular drug delivery shows promise as a potential treatment option for tuberculosis due to its ability to achieve high medicine levels at the infection site with reducing toxicities. The inhalable antitubercular Microparticles (MP) are directly bound in a thick mucin mess network in the lungs, that allows for high concentrations at the site of action while limiting systemic distribution, resulting in more effective therapy with lower required doses, side effects and rapid elimination by mucociliary clearance. there are several challenges in obtaining a such formulation to meets all of the criteria for physico-chemical, aerodynamic, and biological properties, which is why only a small number of the investigated systems can reach the clinical trial phase and proceed to everyday use. The current study focuses on methods to create inhalable Microparticles for antitubercular drug delivery systems by using different carriers to the lungs, stressing how drug bioavailability, Drug Deposition might be affected by the route of administration. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of the novel distribution techniques and Evaluation parameters are explored.

International journal of nanoparticle research, 2018

The main objective of the present work was to prepare pomegranate peel extract based nano particl... more The main objective of the present work was to prepare pomegranate peel extract based nano particles by chemical complexation method. Ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel were prepared by using Soxhlet apparatus and evaluated for phyto-chemical constituents. Qualitative analysis showed that pomegranate peel extract showed positive results for alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins and terpenoids. The percentage moisture content and pH of the extract was found to be 72% and 3.6 respectively. A zeta potential and particle size of prepared nanoparticles was found in the range of -24.6 to– 34.5 mV and 118.6 nm to 231.7 nm, respectively. These range confirms that obtained particles were in nano range, i.e. <500 nm size. SEM results indicated the formation of nanoparticles and were relatively spherical in shape. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis confirms the presence of AgNPs. Prepared peel extracts based nanoparticle showed promising antimicrobial and antifungal properties.

International journal of pharmaceutical investigation, Jul 28, 2022

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2018

Journal of The Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, Sep 1, 2023

International Journal of Drug Delivery, Nov 17, 2011

The aim of this investigation was to prepare, characterize and optimize the irinotecan loaded pro... more The aim of this investigation was to prepare, characterize and optimize the irinotecan loaded proniosomes for overall improvement in the efficacy, reduced toxicity and enhancement of therapeutic index of irinotecan. Proniosomes of Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate were prepared by slurry method using different surfactants, cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate. The formulations were then characterized with respect to shape and surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, invitro drug release profile, invivo drug targeting studies and stability under specific conditions. The formulated proniosomes were smoother indicating a thin and uniform coating over maltodextrin powder. The highest entrapment efficiency was found in formulation F4 with 74.23±3.1%. Highest cumulative percent drug release was observed with formulation F1 with 98.19% in 24 h. The in vivo result of formulated proniosomes of Irinotecan hydrochloride trihydrate reveals that the d preferentially targeting to liver followed by lungs and spleen. The results of investigation demonstrated that proniosomes offers an alternative colloidal carrier approach in achieving drug targeting. The results obtained for the present study clearly revealed that proniosomes containing irinotecan are retained at targeted sites and are capable of releasing there drug for the extended period of time.

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, Sep 2, 2010

Purpose: To investigate the production of antibiotic from actinomycetes isolated from soil and ev... more Purpose: To investigate the production of antibiotic from actinomycetes isolated from soil and evaluate its antimicrobial activities. Methods: In a medium formulation study, A-4 and A-4 actinomycete mutant strains (out of the six strains selected from the nine actinomycetes that were screened) were evaluated for maximum antibiotic production using various carbon and nitrogen sources. Zone of inhibition and packed cell volume were the parameters used for the evaluation. Various fermentation conditions such as pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen were also optimized for maximal production of antibiotic from both A-4 and A-4 mutant. Results: Some actinomycetes strains showed promising antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria and fungi. Out of the six strains selected, one strain, designated A-4, showed maximum antimicrobial property against Gram positive and Gram negative strains as well as against various fungi. Conclusion: Findings from this investigation reveal that strain A-4 and A-4 mutant strains, in that order, exhibited superior antimicrobial activities to other soil isolates of actinomycetes.

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Apr 29, 2021

Peptic ulcer (gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer) is very common chronic disorder of stomach which ... more Peptic ulcer (gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer) is very common chronic disorder of stomach which is mainly caused by the damage or impairment of stomach lining. Various factors such as pepsin, gastric acid, H. pylori, NSAIDs, prostaglandins, mucous, bicarbonate and blood flow to mucosa play an important role in causing peptic ulcer. In this review article, our main focus is on some important approaches (floating, bioadhesive, high density, swellable and magnetic systems) which are helpful in gastro retention of different dosage forms for treatment of peptic ulcer. Various factors such as composition of meal, nature of meal, gender, age, posture, size, shape, density of the dosage form influence the efficiency of above approaches. Currently, a lot of work is running to improve different types of gastro retentive delivery systems of a wide range of drugs and compensate the effects of above factors. In the future, it is anticipated that they will become of growing significance, finally leading to improved efficiency of various types of pharmacotherapies.

Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Sep 22, 2018

Background: Recent developments in fast dissolving tablets have brought convenience in dosing to ... more Background: Recent developments in fast dissolving tablets have brought convenience in dosing to pediatric and elderly patients who have trouble in swallowing tablets.The main objective of the present study is to formulate fast dissolving tablet of Lornoxicam by direct compression method. Methods: Guar gum and crospovidone were used as natural and synthetic superdisintegrants respectively. Fast dissolving tablet of Lornoxicam were prepared by direct compression technique using three different approaches; superdisintegrant addition, sublimation, and solid dispersion. Results: IR and DSC studies showed no interaction between the drug and the excipients. All formulation showed disintegration time ranging from 16.09-42.54 second. Wetting time and disintegration time decreased by increasing the super disintegrant concentration from 2.5% to 5% w/w. Formulae L16 gave the best in-vitro disintegration and dissolution results, which would be due to swelling effect of Gaur gum and amorphization of the drug during the solid dispersion preparation.The best formulation L16 was subjected to stability testing for 3 month and results showed no significant change in appearance, hardness, drug content and dissolution profile of the tablets, hence tablet is stable throughout its stability studies. Conclusion: It was concluded that fast dissolving tablets of Lornoxicam were formulated successfully with desired characteristics which disintegrated rapidly; provided rapid onset of action; and enhanced the patient convenience and compliance.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2019

Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Sep 22, 2018

Background: Nanoparticles are those whose size ranges 1 nm to 100 nm. They are in different sizes... more Background: Nanoparticles are those whose size ranges 1 nm to 100 nm. They are in different sizes and shape, such as triangular, spherical, irregular, etc. In recent years, nanoparticles synthesis has received considerable attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. Powdered sample (100gm)was extracted with 800ml ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method for 6 hours. The resultant extract was used to prepare nanoparticles. Methods: The main objective of the present work was to prepare pomegranate and orange peel extract based nano particles by chemical complexation method. Ethanolic extracts of pomegranate and orange peel were prepared by using Soxhlet apparatus and evaluated for phyto-chemical constituents. Results: Qualitative analysis of pomegranate peel showed positive results for Alkaloids, Anthraquinones, Saponins and Terpenoids, where as orange peel showed positive results for Alkaloids, Tannin and Saponins. The percentage moisture content obtained from the 2 fruits (pomegranate and orange) was 72% and 96.12% respectively. The pH was found to be 3.6 and 3.8 for pomegranate and orange respectively. A zeta potential of prepared nanoparticles for pomegranate extract was found in the range of-24.6 mV to-34.5 mV (P20 & P50) and-21.4 mV to 32.0 mV (O20 & O50) for orange extract, respectively. These values of nanoparticles having higher surface charge which indicates there is least chance of aggregation. The particle size for pomegranate extract was found in the range of 118.6 nm to 231.7 nm (P20 & P30) and 178.8 nm to 191.6 nm (O20 & O50) for orange extract, respectively. These range confirms that obtained particles were in nano range, i.e. <500 nm size. SEM results indicated the formation of nanoparticles and were relatively spherical in shape. Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis confirms the presence of AgNPs. Conclusion: The silver nanoparticles were prepared by using fruit peels extract of pomegranate and orange. Computability study FT-IR showed no any change of functional groups of peel extracts in prepared nanoparticles. Zeta potential showed higher value hence less particle aggregation. Prepared nanoparticles were spherical in shape and having particle size of approximately 200±20nm. Further the study will be extended for anti-microbial and wound healing activities.