Pramod Pandey - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Pramod Pandey
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010
Dynamical evolution of air spark (plume) created using ns and ps laser pulses is investigated. Tw... more Dynamical evolution of air spark (plume) created using ns and ps laser pulses is investigated. Two dimensional temporal evolution images of the spark are recorded using intensified CCD orthogonal to the laser propagation direction. Optical emission spectroscopy is used to determine temperature and density of plasma. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium of plasma electron temperature ~ 1.1 eV and an electron
The study was performed for a period of 60 days to evaluate the effect of dietary carrageenan on ... more The study was performed for a period of 60 days to evaluate the effect of dietary carrageenan on growth, haematology, biochemical and innate immunity in rohu Labeo rohita. A basal diet supplemented with iota (І)-Carrageenan at 5, 10 and 20 g kg -1 was fed to three different groups of fish for 60 days and the fishes were examined after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of experiment. The growth (absolute growth, specific growth rate and percentage weight gain), haematological (total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, thrombocyte count and haemoglobin value), biochemical (total serum protein, albumin, globulin and albumin-globulin ratio) and innate immune parameters (NBT and myeloperoxidase activity) were monitored at fortnight interval to assess the effect of I-Carrageenan based diet in L. rohita. All the studied growth, haematological, biochemical and innate immune parameters increased significantly (P<0.05) in carrageenan-fed groups in comparison to control. However, the group which was fed diet containing 10 g kg −1 I-Carrageenan showed the highest value of growth, haematological, biochemical and innate immune parameters on 60 th day in comparison to other groups. The study suggests that I-carrageenan at 10 g kg -1 diet enhances the innate immunity and also the overall health status in L. rohita.
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2014
The present study evaluated the natural and synthetic substrate for biofilm formation in in vitro... more The present study evaluated the natural and synthetic substrate for biofilm formation in in vitro condition and their effect on physico-chemical parameters of water. The four different treatments i.e., control (without substrate), T 1 (sugarcane bagasse), T 2 (PVC), T 3 (coconut husk) and T 4 (bamboo strips) as substrates were used for assessment of biofilm formation and heterotrophic bacterial growth. Physico-chemical parameters of water and total platecolonies were estimated at weekly intervals for five weeks. Results of dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, as well as nutrients like ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen showed significant (p< 0.05) difference in the treatment groups compared with control. The total bacterial count of the substrata significantly (p< 0.05) high in all the treatment groups during the 3 rd week and the highest value was recorded in the treatment T 3 (12.42 × 10 3 cfucm -2 ). Based on the present in vitro study, it may be concluded that biodegradable substrates especially sugarcane bagasse significantly enhanced the physico-chemical parameters of waters and optimized the favourable conditions for heterotrophic bacterial growth in biofilm, making it the most suitable substrate which can be used in aquaculture system as production enhancement strategy.
Water Research, 2012
To improve the modeling of water quality in watersheds, a model is developed to predict resuspens... more To improve the modeling of water quality in watersheds, a model is developed to predict resuspension of Escherichia coli from sediment beds in streams. The resuspension rate is expressed as the product of the concentration of E. coli attached to sediment particles and an erosion rate adapted from work on sediment transport. The model uses parameter values mostly taken from previous work, and it accounts for properties of the flow through the bottom shear stress and properties of the sediment through the critical shear stresses for cohesive and non-cohesive sediment. Predictions were compared to resuspension rates inferred from a steady mass balance applied to measurements at sixteen locations in a watershed. The model&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s predictions matched the inferred rates well, especially when the diameter of particles to which E. coli attach was allowed to depend on the bottom shear stress. The model&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s sensitivity to the parameters depends on the contributions of particle packing and binding effects of clay to the critical shear stress. For the current data set, the uncertainty in the predictions is controlled by the concentration of E. coli attached to sediment particles and the slope used to estimate the bottom shear stress.
AMB Express, 2014
Water-borne pathogen contamination in water resources and related diseases are a major water qual... more Water-borne pathogen contamination in water resources and related diseases are a major water quality concern throughout the world. Increasing interest in controlling water-borne pathogens in water resources evidenced by a large number of recent publications clearly attests to the need for studies that synthesize knowledge from multiple fields covering comparative aspects of pathogen contamination, and unify them in a single place in order to present and address the problem as a whole. Providing a broader perceptive of pathogen contamination in freshwater (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater) and saline water (estuaries and coastal waters) resources, this review paper attempts to develop the first comprehensive single source of existing information on pathogen contamination in multiple types of water resources. In addition, a comprehensive discussion describes the challenges associated with using indicator organisms. Potential impacts of water resources development on pathogen contamination as well as challenges that lie ahead for addressing pathogen contamination are also discussed.
Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2014
A robust water balance model has been tested for predicting soil moisture levels and supplemental... more A robust water balance model has been tested for predicting soil moisture levels and supplemental irrigation requirement of a rainfed region of Bangladesh. The predictions were used for improving the understanding of the impacts of rainwater harvesting on rainfed agriculture. The climate data (i.e., rainfall, temperature, evaporation, and evapotranspiration) were used as inputs for predicting the variations in soil moisture. Soil moisture levels under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions were compared. Results showed that rainwater harvesting i.e., rain water storage tanks during rainy seasons can be potentially useful for storing rainwater, which can be utilized for enhancing crop land soil moisture during dry seasons for enhancing crop yield. The study presented here will be useful for improving and disseminating rainwater harvesting approaches for enhancing water availability in rainfed regions.
International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 2013
Physics of Plasmas, 2013
ABSTRACT
Applied Optics, 2013
We report on the stoichiometric analysis of laser ablated brass plasma nanoparticles (NPs) in wat... more We report on the stoichiometric analysis of laser ablated brass plasma nanoparticles (NPs) in water and ambient air. Morphological study of the deposited NPs in water showed smaller spherical NPs compared to micrometer sized spherical particles in air. The smaller particles were Zn enriched and the concentration decreased with increases in size. Photoluminescence of particles at 380 nm corresponding to ZnO showed higher concentrations of Zn with smaller sized deposited NPs, whereas the micrometer sized particles showed multiple peaks at 415 and 440 nm, which implied that there was an abundance of the Cu fraction in the NPs. Plasma plume parameters, electron temperature, electron density, and evolution of the plasma plume were studied using optical emission spectroscopy and 2-dimensional imaging of the plume. The mass ablation rate in water was observed to be greater than that in air. Higher electron density and temperature of the plasmoid in water was attributed to confinement of the plasma plume near the target surface in water.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2011
... There exist many optional biometric cues for identity verification, such as the iris, fingerp... more ... There exist many optional biometric cues for identity verification, such as the iris, fingerprint, voice ... 2) Face Verification: In this, the system confirms or rejects the claimed identity according to ... features in the fundus image [1]. There are two strategies of retinal fundus image analysis ...
Lingua, 1990
... PK Pandey I Hindi schwa deletion 301 As mora is distinctive in the language, and in fact, for... more ... PK Pandey I Hindi schwa deletion 301 As mora is distinctive in the language, and in fact, forms the basis of foot assignment and other lexical rules, such ac Causativization (see (37)), it is natural that its deletion when not warranted &amp;amp;#x27;oy the rule must be blocked, following the ...
Written Language & Literacy, 2007
Physics of Plasmas, 2013
ABSTRACT
Physics of Plasmas, 2013
ABSTRACT We report the dynamics of single and two collinearly colliding laser ablated plumes of Z... more ABSTRACT We report the dynamics of single and two collinearly colliding laser ablated plumes of ZnO studied using fast imaging and the spectroscopic measurements. Two dimensional imaging of expanding plume and temporal evolution of various species in interacting zones of plumes are used to calculate plume front velocity, electron temperature, and density of plasma. The two expanding plumes interact with each other at early stage of expansion (∼20 ns) resulting in an interaction zone that propagates further leading to the formation of stagnation layer at later times (>150 ns) at the lateral collision front of two plumes. Colliding plumes have larger concentration of higher ionic species, higher temperature, and increased electron density in the stagnation region. A one-to-one correlation between the imaging and optical emission spectroscopic observations in interaction zone of the colliding plumes is reported.
Lingua, 1989
This paper presents an analysis of stress in Hindi using a new mode of foot construction, called ... more This paper presents an analysis of stress in Hindi using a new mode of foot construction, called the conjugational mode, which takes into account the relative weights of rimes. This mode of foot construction is motivated by the system of stress in Hindi, which is sensitive to both ...
Journal of linguistics, 1997
This paper investigates the relationship between variability and lexicality on the one hand and s... more This paper investigates the relationship between variability and lexicality on the one hand and sound change on the other within the theory of Lexical Phonology. The former leads to the proposal of the Optionality Constraint (OC), which prohibits the application of optional rules in the lexical module. The constraint is found to be violated at the word level. The violation of OC as well as of other lexical modular principles is accounted for by the help of a new licensing principle, called the Polarity Principle. This allows for interacting modules to have different properties of representation and rule application at their opposite ends. The OC leads to a resolution of the Neogrammarian Controversy, that is consonant with the standard assumption concerning sound change, namely, the inherent relation between the latter and variability.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014
Effects of high-pressure (HP) treatment on the rheological, thermal and dielectric properties of ... more Effects of high-pressure (HP) treatment on the rheological, thermal and dielectric properties of the four selected starch dispersions (two modified starches, one native and one resistant) were evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and oscillatory rheometry were employed to assess the extent of starch gelatinization and the developed gel rigidity (G ) of starch gels after HP treatment. It was observed that starch dispersions gelatinized completely at 500 MPa with a 30-min holding time. The HP-treated starch samples exhibited predominantly solid-like (G > G ) behavior except for the resistant starch. Pressureinduced gel rigidity differed significantly among starch samples. The G of starch gels increased with the pressure (400-600 MPa) in the studied frequency range (0.1-10 Hz) except for the native starch where a marginal decrease was recorded at similar condition. The holding time (15-30 min) and concentration (20-25% w/w) significantly attributed towards gel rigidity of starch samples. Measurement of dielectric properties of HP-treated samples over the frequency range 450-4450 MHz indicated differences in the dielectric constant (ε ), loss factor (ε ) and penetration depth among starch gels. Pressure did not show any effect on dielectric property of the resistant starch sample. Power penetration depth decreased significantly with frequency and with the pressure.
Molecular and Cellular …, 2011
Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and dysfunctions play a pivotal role in many patho-ph... more Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and dysfunctions play a pivotal role in many patho-physiological and toxicological conditions. The interplay of mitochondrial thiol (mtThiol), MPT, Ca 2? homeostasis, and resulting dysfunctions still remains controversial despite studies by several research groups. Present study was undertaken to ascertain the correlation between Ca 2? homeostasis, mtThiol alteration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in causing MPT leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. mtThiol depletion significantly enhanced Ca 2? dependent MPT (swelling) and depolarization of mitochondria resulting in release of pro-apoptotic proteins like Cyt c, AIF, and EndoG. mtThiol alteration and Ca 2? overload caused reduced mitochondrial electron flow, oxidation of pyridine nucleotides (NAD(P)H) and significantly enhanced ROS generation (DHE and DCFH-DA fluorescence). Studies with MPT inhibitor (Cyclosporin A), Ca 2? uniport blocker (ruthenium red) and Ca 2? chelator (BAPTA) indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was more pronounced under dual stress of altered mtThiol and Ca 2? overload in comparison with single stress of excessive Ca 2? . Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the changes in mitochondrial integrity under stress. Our findings suggest that the Ca 2? overload itself is not solely responsible for structural and functional impairment of mitochondria. A multi-factorial cross-talk between mtThiol, Ca 2? and ROS is responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, minor depletion of mtThiol was found to be an important factor along with Ca 2? overload in triggering MPT in isolated mitochondria, tilting the balance towards disturbed functionality.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2010
Dynamical evolution of air spark (plume) created using ns and ps laser pulses is investigated. Tw... more Dynamical evolution of air spark (plume) created using ns and ps laser pulses is investigated. Two dimensional temporal evolution images of the spark are recorded using intensified CCD orthogonal to the laser propagation direction. Optical emission spectroscopy is used to determine temperature and density of plasma. Assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium of plasma electron temperature ~ 1.1 eV and an electron
The study was performed for a period of 60 days to evaluate the effect of dietary carrageenan on ... more The study was performed for a period of 60 days to evaluate the effect of dietary carrageenan on growth, haematology, biochemical and innate immunity in rohu Labeo rohita. A basal diet supplemented with iota (І)-Carrageenan at 5, 10 and 20 g kg -1 was fed to three different groups of fish for 60 days and the fishes were examined after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of experiment. The growth (absolute growth, specific growth rate and percentage weight gain), haematological (total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count, thrombocyte count and haemoglobin value), biochemical (total serum protein, albumin, globulin and albumin-globulin ratio) and innate immune parameters (NBT and myeloperoxidase activity) were monitored at fortnight interval to assess the effect of I-Carrageenan based diet in L. rohita. All the studied growth, haematological, biochemical and innate immune parameters increased significantly (P<0.05) in carrageenan-fed groups in comparison to control. However, the group which was fed diet containing 10 g kg −1 I-Carrageenan showed the highest value of growth, haematological, biochemical and innate immune parameters on 60 th day in comparison to other groups. The study suggests that I-carrageenan at 10 g kg -1 diet enhances the innate immunity and also the overall health status in L. rohita.
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2014
The present study evaluated the natural and synthetic substrate for biofilm formation in in vitro... more The present study evaluated the natural and synthetic substrate for biofilm formation in in vitro condition and their effect on physico-chemical parameters of water. The four different treatments i.e., control (without substrate), T 1 (sugarcane bagasse), T 2 (PVC), T 3 (coconut husk) and T 4 (bamboo strips) as substrates were used for assessment of biofilm formation and heterotrophic bacterial growth. Physico-chemical parameters of water and total platecolonies were estimated at weekly intervals for five weeks. Results of dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, as well as nutrients like ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen showed significant (p< 0.05) difference in the treatment groups compared with control. The total bacterial count of the substrata significantly (p< 0.05) high in all the treatment groups during the 3 rd week and the highest value was recorded in the treatment T 3 (12.42 × 10 3 cfucm -2 ). Based on the present in vitro study, it may be concluded that biodegradable substrates especially sugarcane bagasse significantly enhanced the physico-chemical parameters of waters and optimized the favourable conditions for heterotrophic bacterial growth in biofilm, making it the most suitable substrate which can be used in aquaculture system as production enhancement strategy.
Water Research, 2012
To improve the modeling of water quality in watersheds, a model is developed to predict resuspens... more To improve the modeling of water quality in watersheds, a model is developed to predict resuspension of Escherichia coli from sediment beds in streams. The resuspension rate is expressed as the product of the concentration of E. coli attached to sediment particles and an erosion rate adapted from work on sediment transport. The model uses parameter values mostly taken from previous work, and it accounts for properties of the flow through the bottom shear stress and properties of the sediment through the critical shear stresses for cohesive and non-cohesive sediment. Predictions were compared to resuspension rates inferred from a steady mass balance applied to measurements at sixteen locations in a watershed. The model&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s predictions matched the inferred rates well, especially when the diameter of particles to which E. coli attach was allowed to depend on the bottom shear stress. The model&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s sensitivity to the parameters depends on the contributions of particle packing and binding effects of clay to the critical shear stress. For the current data set, the uncertainty in the predictions is controlled by the concentration of E. coli attached to sediment particles and the slope used to estimate the bottom shear stress.
AMB Express, 2014
Water-borne pathogen contamination in water resources and related diseases are a major water qual... more Water-borne pathogen contamination in water resources and related diseases are a major water quality concern throughout the world. Increasing interest in controlling water-borne pathogens in water resources evidenced by a large number of recent publications clearly attests to the need for studies that synthesize knowledge from multiple fields covering comparative aspects of pathogen contamination, and unify them in a single place in order to present and address the problem as a whole. Providing a broader perceptive of pathogen contamination in freshwater (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, groundwater) and saline water (estuaries and coastal waters) resources, this review paper attempts to develop the first comprehensive single source of existing information on pathogen contamination in multiple types of water resources. In addition, a comprehensive discussion describes the challenges associated with using indicator organisms. Potential impacts of water resources development on pathogen contamination as well as challenges that lie ahead for addressing pathogen contamination are also discussed.
Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 2014
A robust water balance model has been tested for predicting soil moisture levels and supplemental... more A robust water balance model has been tested for predicting soil moisture levels and supplemental irrigation requirement of a rainfed region of Bangladesh. The predictions were used for improving the understanding of the impacts of rainwater harvesting on rainfed agriculture. The climate data (i.e., rainfall, temperature, evaporation, and evapotranspiration) were used as inputs for predicting the variations in soil moisture. Soil moisture levels under rainfed and supplementary irrigation conditions were compared. Results showed that rainwater harvesting i.e., rain water storage tanks during rainy seasons can be potentially useful for storing rainwater, which can be utilized for enhancing crop land soil moisture during dry seasons for enhancing crop yield. The study presented here will be useful for improving and disseminating rainwater harvesting approaches for enhancing water availability in rainfed regions.
International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 2013
Physics of Plasmas, 2013
ABSTRACT
Applied Optics, 2013
We report on the stoichiometric analysis of laser ablated brass plasma nanoparticles (NPs) in wat... more We report on the stoichiometric analysis of laser ablated brass plasma nanoparticles (NPs) in water and ambient air. Morphological study of the deposited NPs in water showed smaller spherical NPs compared to micrometer sized spherical particles in air. The smaller particles were Zn enriched and the concentration decreased with increases in size. Photoluminescence of particles at 380 nm corresponding to ZnO showed higher concentrations of Zn with smaller sized deposited NPs, whereas the micrometer sized particles showed multiple peaks at 415 and 440 nm, which implied that there was an abundance of the Cu fraction in the NPs. Plasma plume parameters, electron temperature, electron density, and evolution of the plasma plume were studied using optical emission spectroscopy and 2-dimensional imaging of the plume. The mass ablation rate in water was observed to be greater than that in air. Higher electron density and temperature of the plasmoid in water was attributed to confinement of the plasma plume near the target surface in water.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2011
... There exist many optional biometric cues for identity verification, such as the iris, fingerp... more ... There exist many optional biometric cues for identity verification, such as the iris, fingerprint, voice ... 2) Face Verification: In this, the system confirms or rejects the claimed identity according to ... features in the fundus image [1]. There are two strategies of retinal fundus image analysis ...
Lingua, 1990
... PK Pandey I Hindi schwa deletion 301 As mora is distinctive in the language, and in fact, for... more ... PK Pandey I Hindi schwa deletion 301 As mora is distinctive in the language, and in fact, forms the basis of foot assignment and other lexical rules, such ac Causativization (see (37)), it is natural that its deletion when not warranted &amp;amp;#x27;oy the rule must be blocked, following the ...
Written Language & Literacy, 2007
Physics of Plasmas, 2013
ABSTRACT
Physics of Plasmas, 2013
ABSTRACT We report the dynamics of single and two collinearly colliding laser ablated plumes of Z... more ABSTRACT We report the dynamics of single and two collinearly colliding laser ablated plumes of ZnO studied using fast imaging and the spectroscopic measurements. Two dimensional imaging of expanding plume and temporal evolution of various species in interacting zones of plumes are used to calculate plume front velocity, electron temperature, and density of plasma. The two expanding plumes interact with each other at early stage of expansion (∼20 ns) resulting in an interaction zone that propagates further leading to the formation of stagnation layer at later times (>150 ns) at the lateral collision front of two plumes. Colliding plumes have larger concentration of higher ionic species, higher temperature, and increased electron density in the stagnation region. A one-to-one correlation between the imaging and optical emission spectroscopic observations in interaction zone of the colliding plumes is reported.
Lingua, 1989
This paper presents an analysis of stress in Hindi using a new mode of foot construction, called ... more This paper presents an analysis of stress in Hindi using a new mode of foot construction, called the conjugational mode, which takes into account the relative weights of rimes. This mode of foot construction is motivated by the system of stress in Hindi, which is sensitive to both ...
Journal of linguistics, 1997
This paper investigates the relationship between variability and lexicality on the one hand and s... more This paper investigates the relationship between variability and lexicality on the one hand and sound change on the other within the theory of Lexical Phonology. The former leads to the proposal of the Optionality Constraint (OC), which prohibits the application of optional rules in the lexical module. The constraint is found to be violated at the word level. The violation of OC as well as of other lexical modular principles is accounted for by the help of a new licensing principle, called the Polarity Principle. This allows for interacting modules to have different properties of representation and rule application at their opposite ends. The OC leads to a resolution of the Neogrammarian Controversy, that is consonant with the standard assumption concerning sound change, namely, the inherent relation between the latter and variability.
Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014
Effects of high-pressure (HP) treatment on the rheological, thermal and dielectric properties of ... more Effects of high-pressure (HP) treatment on the rheological, thermal and dielectric properties of the four selected starch dispersions (two modified starches, one native and one resistant) were evaluated. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and oscillatory rheometry were employed to assess the extent of starch gelatinization and the developed gel rigidity (G ) of starch gels after HP treatment. It was observed that starch dispersions gelatinized completely at 500 MPa with a 30-min holding time. The HP-treated starch samples exhibited predominantly solid-like (G > G ) behavior except for the resistant starch. Pressureinduced gel rigidity differed significantly among starch samples. The G of starch gels increased with the pressure (400-600 MPa) in the studied frequency range (0.1-10 Hz) except for the native starch where a marginal decrease was recorded at similar condition. The holding time (15-30 min) and concentration (20-25% w/w) significantly attributed towards gel rigidity of starch samples. Measurement of dielectric properties of HP-treated samples over the frequency range 450-4450 MHz indicated differences in the dielectric constant (ε ), loss factor (ε ) and penetration depth among starch gels. Pressure did not show any effect on dielectric property of the resistant starch sample. Power penetration depth decreased significantly with frequency and with the pressure.
Molecular and Cellular …, 2011
Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and dysfunctions play a pivotal role in many patho-ph... more Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and dysfunctions play a pivotal role in many patho-physiological and toxicological conditions. The interplay of mitochondrial thiol (mtThiol), MPT, Ca 2? homeostasis, and resulting dysfunctions still remains controversial despite studies by several research groups. Present study was undertaken to ascertain the correlation between Ca 2? homeostasis, mtThiol alteration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in causing MPT leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. mtThiol depletion significantly enhanced Ca 2? dependent MPT (swelling) and depolarization of mitochondria resulting in release of pro-apoptotic proteins like Cyt c, AIF, and EndoG. mtThiol alteration and Ca 2? overload caused reduced mitochondrial electron flow, oxidation of pyridine nucleotides (NAD(P)H) and significantly enhanced ROS generation (DHE and DCFH-DA fluorescence). Studies with MPT inhibitor (Cyclosporin A), Ca 2? uniport blocker (ruthenium red) and Ca 2? chelator (BAPTA) indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction was more pronounced under dual stress of altered mtThiol and Ca 2? overload in comparison with single stress of excessive Ca 2? . Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the changes in mitochondrial integrity under stress. Our findings suggest that the Ca 2? overload itself is not solely responsible for structural and functional impairment of mitochondria. A multi-factorial cross-talk between mtThiol, Ca 2? and ROS is responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, minor depletion of mtThiol was found to be an important factor along with Ca 2? overload in triggering MPT in isolated mitochondria, tilting the balance towards disturbed functionality.