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Papers by Pranab Karmaker

Research paper thumbnail of SARS CoV-2 IgG Positivity Among the People in Dhaka City: An Observation from the Post Vaccine Period

Research paper thumbnail of Microbiological screening and antibiotics responsiveness of pathogenic bacteria isolated from pond cultivated pangas fishes (Pangasius hypothallus) in Bangladesh

Science Archives, 2021

Pangas fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is one of the most cultivated fishes in Bangladesh and expo... more Pangas fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is one of the most cultivated fishes in Bangladesh and exposed to various infectious diseases including bacterial diseases. An attempt was done to determine the most infectious bacterial pathogens and antibiotics susceptibilities of isolated bacterial pathogens. There are 52 infected pangas fishes that were collected from different ponds in the Mymensingh district for one year. The physicochemical parameters of water samples of fishes were noted, and it was found that the parameters did not show any significant impact on the disease development of pangas. Aeromonas spp (27%), Flavobacterium spp (25%), Edw ar dsiella spp (23%), Vibrio spp (2%), Enterococcus spp (2%), Pseudomonas sp (2%) were found from different body parts of pangas fish and rest of the isolates were normal flora. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by following KirbyBauer disc diffusion method, and it was found that the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bact...

Research paper thumbnail of Drifted catalytic properties of β-lactamases due to unconstrained use of antibiotics

Journal of Bio-Science, 2012

Context: Antibiotic resistance is an old problem with new face as the rate of infections due to m... more Context: Antibiotic resistance is an old problem with new face as the rate of infections due to multidrug resistant bacteria is increasing everyday and the number of new antibiotics to overwhelm the problem is becoming smaller. Major mechanism beneath this growing resistance is concomitant with the changes in ?-lactamases catalytic activity and its functional enhancement. Objectives: In ?-lactamases secreting clinical isolates at least 10% are extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBL) that are not even treatable with ?-lactamases inhibitor like clavulanic acids. This implies that the catalytic domains of ?-lactamases have been mutated towards higher pathogenicity. The aim of the present study is to define the changes in ?-lactamases catalytic efficiency against ?-lactam antibiotics and its inhibitors. Materials and Methods: In this research work we have used multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains from surgical site of infections. A rapid method was used for specific detection of bacteria...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Bacterial Contaminants and Nutritional Profiles of Mung Bean Sprouts (Vigna radiate L)

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology

Background: Aerobic bacteria were found as contaminants in mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiate L). T... more Background: Aerobic bacteria were found as contaminants in mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiate L). They are also well-known for their excellent nutritional value as well as their ease of digestion. They are rich in calories, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, macronutrients, and vitamins. Aim: To evaluate bacterial isolates and parameters of nutritional content of native mung bean sprouts and finally to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates to decide which antimicrobial agent should be utilized against certain bacterial strains. Methodology: Total viable bacterial isolates were enumerated by the spread plate method, and bacterial species were determined from the selected culture media with biochemical analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were performed by the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method and minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured using the VITEK®-2 Compact system. The nutritional composition of the sprouts was assessed ...

Research paper thumbnail of Seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody among People in Dhaka City during the Prevaccination Period

BioMed Research International

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection can... more Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection can be an effective complementary tool to the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in estimating the true burden of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) and can serve as baseline data, especially after the roll-out of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we aim to determine the seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG among people in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Volunteers, mostly asymptomatic people from Dhaka, were enrolled between October 2020 and February 2021. After obtaining participants’ signed consents, blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody, following the standard protocol of testing within 72 hours of collection. SARS-CoV-2 IgG was positive in 42% (101/239) of the cases. No difference was observed in terms of IgG positivity and IgG levels when stratified by age, gender, and blood group. However, RT-PCR-positive cases presented higher IgG levels compare...

Research paper thumbnail of Composition of Human Atheroma Collected from Coronary Arteries during Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology

Research paper thumbnail of Management of Sepsis in Intensive Care Units in Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh

Advances in Infectious Diseases

Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals glob... more Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals globally every year. Devoid of proper management, sepsis could develop to austere sepsis and septic shock that reason certain eight million expiries every year. Initial identification and analysis of contaminations and quick introductions of antimicrobial management had long been predictable as essential principles of treatment. Methods: All patients were evaluated thoroughly by history, clinical and laboratory findings. Serum lactate levels were collected at 0 hr and 24 hrs of the total admission in the ICU. Blood culture and sensitivity was performed prior to antibiotic administration in this study. Results: In this research, total sample was 1367 patients. Among these sepsis patients were 305 (nearly 22%). These 305 studied sepsis cases, majority 128 (42%) of the patients were within the age group of 41-65 years, followed by 18-30 years consisting of 116 (38%) and the least number of sepsis patients were in the age group of >65 years (20%). This study found that 129 (42.3%) out of 305 blood samples screened from assumed sepsis infection were affirmative for the presence of sepsis causing pathogens. Among the 129 culture positive samples, majority of the isolated microorganisms were gram negative bacteria 58% (75), followed by gram positive bacteria 38% (49), and 3.8% (5) were the fungi Candida albicans. Conclusion: At present, mortality & morbidity of sepsis subject was too big due to late identification, wrong & inadequate management of sepsis in the ward and also in the intensive care unit of Bangladesh.

Research paper thumbnail of Management of Sepsis in Intensive Care Units in Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh

Advances in Infectious Diseases

Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals glob... more Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals globally every year. Devoid of proper management, sepsis could develop to austere sepsis and septic shock that reason certain eight million expiries every year. Initial identification and analysis of contaminations and quick introductions of antimicrobial management had long been predictable as essential principles of treatment. Methods: All patients were evaluated thoroughly by history, clinical and laboratory findings. Serum lactate levels were collected at 0 hr and 24 hrs of the total admission in the ICU. Blood culture and sensitivity was performed prior to antibiotic administration in this study. Results: In this research, total sample was 1367 patients. Among these sepsis patients were 305 (nearly 22%). These 305 studied sepsis cases, majority 128 (42%) of the patients were within the age group of 41-65 years, followed by 18-30 years consisting of 116 (38%) and the least number of sepsis patients were in the age group of >65 years (20%). This study found that 129 (42.3%) out of 305 blood samples screened from assumed sepsis infection were affirmative for the presence of sepsis causing pathogens. Among the 129 culture positive samples, majority of the isolated microorganisms were gram negative bacteria 58% (75), followed by gram positive bacteria 38% (49), and 3.8% (5) were the fungi Candida albicans. Conclusion: At present, mortality & morbidity of sepsis subject was too big due to late identification, wrong & inadequate management of sepsis in the ward and also in the intensive care unit of Bangladesh.

Research paper thumbnail of Management of Sepsis in Intensive Care Units in Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh

Advances in Infectious Diseases

Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals glob... more Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals globally every year. Devoid of proper management, sepsis could develop to austere sepsis and septic shock that reason certain eight million expiries every year. Initial identification and analysis of contaminations and quick introductions of antimicrobial management had long been predictable as essential principles of treatment. Methods: All patients were evaluated thoroughly by history, clinical and laboratory findings. Serum lactate levels were collected at 0 hr and 24 hrs of the total admission in the ICU. Blood culture and sensitivity was performed prior to antibiotic administration in this study. Results: In this research, total sample was 1367 patients. Among these sepsis patients were 305 (nearly 22%). These 305 studied sepsis cases, majority 128 (42%) of the patients were within the age group of 41-65 years, followed by 18-30 years consisting of 116 (38%) and the least number of sepsis patients were in the age group of >65 years (20%). This study found that 129 (42.3%) out of 305 blood samples screened from assumed sepsis infection were affirmative for the presence of sepsis causing pathogens. Among the 129 culture positive samples, majority of the isolated microorganisms were gram negative bacteria 58% (75), followed by gram positive bacteria 38% (49), and 3.8% (5) were the fungi Candida albicans. Conclusion: At present, mortality & morbidity of sepsis subject was too big due to late identification, wrong & inadequate management of sepsis in the ward and also in the intensive care unit of Bangladesh.

Research paper thumbnail of Drifted catalytic properties of β-lactamases due to unconstrained use of antibiotics

Context: Antibiotic resistance is an old problem with new face as the rate of infections due to m... more Context: Antibiotic resistance is an old problem with new face as the rate of infections due to multidrug resistant bacteria is increasing everyday and the number of new antibiotics to overwhelm the problem is becoming smaller. Major mechanism beneath this growing resistance is concomitant with the changes in β-lactamases catalytic activity and its functional enhancement. Objectives: In β-lactamases secreting clinical isolates at least 10% are extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) that are not even treatable with β-lactamases inhibitor like clavulanic acids. This implies that the catalytic domains of β-lactamases have been mutated towards higher pathogenicity. The aim of the present study is to define the changes in β-lactamases catalytic efficiency against β-lactam antibiotics and its inhibitors. Materials and Methods: In this research work we have used multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains from surgical site of infections. A rapid method was used for specific detection of bacterial β-lactamases that uses β-lactam antibiotics as substrates. In this, the end products (open beta-lactam ring forms) generated after separately incubating substrates with β-lactamases producing strains. Those end products of antibiotics were highly fluorescent after specific treatment and could be analyzed visually under long-wave UV lamp for efficiency. Results: β-lactamases secreting strains are variably capable of defending β-lactam antibiotics. Interestingly, one of the E. coli strain secretes ESBL, this means that the strain is resistant against clavulanic acid. However, the most fascinating fact of the finding is that ideally the β-lactamases supposed to hydrolyze Penicillin by default but in our isolates, β-lactamases are not able to hydrolyze penicillin instead they hydrolyze amoxicillin, a derivative which replaced clinical use of penicillin. In addition to that we have identified the presence of New Delhi Metalo-betalactamase in one of the clinical isolates. Conclusion: Rate of evolution in microbes is very high. Thus we presume that some of the amino acids in the functional domain of β-lactamases have been changed respective to extinct use of penicillin whereas it is effective against clinically used other beta lactam antibiotics.

Research paper thumbnail of SARS CoV-2 IgG Positivity Among the People in Dhaka City: An Observation from the Post Vaccine Period

Research paper thumbnail of Microbiological screening and antibiotics responsiveness of pathogenic bacteria isolated from pond cultivated pangas fishes (Pangasius hypothallus) in Bangladesh

Science Archives, 2021

Pangas fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is one of the most cultivated fishes in Bangladesh and expo... more Pangas fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) is one of the most cultivated fishes in Bangladesh and exposed to various infectious diseases including bacterial diseases. An attempt was done to determine the most infectious bacterial pathogens and antibiotics susceptibilities of isolated bacterial pathogens. There are 52 infected pangas fishes that were collected from different ponds in the Mymensingh district for one year. The physicochemical parameters of water samples of fishes were noted, and it was found that the parameters did not show any significant impact on the disease development of pangas. Aeromonas spp (27%), Flavobacterium spp (25%), Edw ar dsiella spp (23%), Vibrio spp (2%), Enterococcus spp (2%), Pseudomonas sp (2%) were found from different body parts of pangas fish and rest of the isolates were normal flora. The antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by following KirbyBauer disc diffusion method, and it was found that the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bact...

Research paper thumbnail of Drifted catalytic properties of β-lactamases due to unconstrained use of antibiotics

Journal of Bio-Science, 2012

Context: Antibiotic resistance is an old problem with new face as the rate of infections due to m... more Context: Antibiotic resistance is an old problem with new face as the rate of infections due to multidrug resistant bacteria is increasing everyday and the number of new antibiotics to overwhelm the problem is becoming smaller. Major mechanism beneath this growing resistance is concomitant with the changes in ?-lactamases catalytic activity and its functional enhancement. Objectives: In ?-lactamases secreting clinical isolates at least 10% are extended-spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBL) that are not even treatable with ?-lactamases inhibitor like clavulanic acids. This implies that the catalytic domains of ?-lactamases have been mutated towards higher pathogenicity. The aim of the present study is to define the changes in ?-lactamases catalytic efficiency against ?-lactam antibiotics and its inhibitors. Materials and Methods: In this research work we have used multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains from surgical site of infections. A rapid method was used for specific detection of bacteria...

Research paper thumbnail of Assessment of Bacterial Contaminants and Nutritional Profiles of Mung Bean Sprouts (Vigna radiate L)

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology

Background: Aerobic bacteria were found as contaminants in mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiate L). T... more Background: Aerobic bacteria were found as contaminants in mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiate L). They are also well-known for their excellent nutritional value as well as their ease of digestion. They are rich in calories, total carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, macronutrients, and vitamins. Aim: To evaluate bacterial isolates and parameters of nutritional content of native mung bean sprouts and finally to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates to decide which antimicrobial agent should be utilized against certain bacterial strains. Methodology: Total viable bacterial isolates were enumerated by the spread plate method, and bacterial species were determined from the selected culture media with biochemical analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were performed by the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method and minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured using the VITEK®-2 Compact system. The nutritional composition of the sprouts was assessed ...

Research paper thumbnail of Seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody among People in Dhaka City during the Prevaccination Period

BioMed Research International

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection can... more Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immunoglobulin G (IgG) detection can be an effective complementary tool to the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test in estimating the true burden of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) and can serve as baseline data, especially after the roll-out of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we aim to determine the seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgG among people in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Volunteers, mostly asymptomatic people from Dhaka, were enrolled between October 2020 and February 2021. After obtaining participants’ signed consents, blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody, following the standard protocol of testing within 72 hours of collection. SARS-CoV-2 IgG was positive in 42% (101/239) of the cases. No difference was observed in terms of IgG positivity and IgG levels when stratified by age, gender, and blood group. However, RT-PCR-positive cases presented higher IgG levels compare...

Research paper thumbnail of Composition of Human Atheroma Collected from Coronary Arteries during Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology

Research paper thumbnail of Management of Sepsis in Intensive Care Units in Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh

Advances in Infectious Diseases

Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals glob... more Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals globally every year. Devoid of proper management, sepsis could develop to austere sepsis and septic shock that reason certain eight million expiries every year. Initial identification and analysis of contaminations and quick introductions of antimicrobial management had long been predictable as essential principles of treatment. Methods: All patients were evaluated thoroughly by history, clinical and laboratory findings. Serum lactate levels were collected at 0 hr and 24 hrs of the total admission in the ICU. Blood culture and sensitivity was performed prior to antibiotic administration in this study. Results: In this research, total sample was 1367 patients. Among these sepsis patients were 305 (nearly 22%). These 305 studied sepsis cases, majority 128 (42%) of the patients were within the age group of 41-65 years, followed by 18-30 years consisting of 116 (38%) and the least number of sepsis patients were in the age group of >65 years (20%). This study found that 129 (42.3%) out of 305 blood samples screened from assumed sepsis infection were affirmative for the presence of sepsis causing pathogens. Among the 129 culture positive samples, majority of the isolated microorganisms were gram negative bacteria 58% (75), followed by gram positive bacteria 38% (49), and 3.8% (5) were the fungi Candida albicans. Conclusion: At present, mortality & morbidity of sepsis subject was too big due to late identification, wrong & inadequate management of sepsis in the ward and also in the intensive care unit of Bangladesh.

Research paper thumbnail of Management of Sepsis in Intensive Care Units in Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh

Advances in Infectious Diseases

Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals glob... more Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals globally every year. Devoid of proper management, sepsis could develop to austere sepsis and septic shock that reason certain eight million expiries every year. Initial identification and analysis of contaminations and quick introductions of antimicrobial management had long been predictable as essential principles of treatment. Methods: All patients were evaluated thoroughly by history, clinical and laboratory findings. Serum lactate levels were collected at 0 hr and 24 hrs of the total admission in the ICU. Blood culture and sensitivity was performed prior to antibiotic administration in this study. Results: In this research, total sample was 1367 patients. Among these sepsis patients were 305 (nearly 22%). These 305 studied sepsis cases, majority 128 (42%) of the patients were within the age group of 41-65 years, followed by 18-30 years consisting of 116 (38%) and the least number of sepsis patients were in the age group of >65 years (20%). This study found that 129 (42.3%) out of 305 blood samples screened from assumed sepsis infection were affirmative for the presence of sepsis causing pathogens. Among the 129 culture positive samples, majority of the isolated microorganisms were gram negative bacteria 58% (75), followed by gram positive bacteria 38% (49), and 3.8% (5) were the fungi Candida albicans. Conclusion: At present, mortality & morbidity of sepsis subject was too big due to late identification, wrong & inadequate management of sepsis in the ward and also in the intensive care unit of Bangladesh.

Research paper thumbnail of Management of Sepsis in Intensive Care Units in Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh

Advances in Infectious Diseases

Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals glob... more Background: Sepsis was a life-threatening situation affecting roughly 27 million individuals globally every year. Devoid of proper management, sepsis could develop to austere sepsis and septic shock that reason certain eight million expiries every year. Initial identification and analysis of contaminations and quick introductions of antimicrobial management had long been predictable as essential principles of treatment. Methods: All patients were evaluated thoroughly by history, clinical and laboratory findings. Serum lactate levels were collected at 0 hr and 24 hrs of the total admission in the ICU. Blood culture and sensitivity was performed prior to antibiotic administration in this study. Results: In this research, total sample was 1367 patients. Among these sepsis patients were 305 (nearly 22%). These 305 studied sepsis cases, majority 128 (42%) of the patients were within the age group of 41-65 years, followed by 18-30 years consisting of 116 (38%) and the least number of sepsis patients were in the age group of >65 years (20%). This study found that 129 (42.3%) out of 305 blood samples screened from assumed sepsis infection were affirmative for the presence of sepsis causing pathogens. Among the 129 culture positive samples, majority of the isolated microorganisms were gram negative bacteria 58% (75), followed by gram positive bacteria 38% (49), and 3.8% (5) were the fungi Candida albicans. Conclusion: At present, mortality & morbidity of sepsis subject was too big due to late identification, wrong & inadequate management of sepsis in the ward and also in the intensive care unit of Bangladesh.

Research paper thumbnail of Drifted catalytic properties of β-lactamases due to unconstrained use of antibiotics

Context: Antibiotic resistance is an old problem with new face as the rate of infections due to m... more Context: Antibiotic resistance is an old problem with new face as the rate of infections due to multidrug resistant bacteria is increasing everyday and the number of new antibiotics to overwhelm the problem is becoming smaller. Major mechanism beneath this growing resistance is concomitant with the changes in β-lactamases catalytic activity and its functional enhancement. Objectives: In β-lactamases secreting clinical isolates at least 10% are extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) that are not even treatable with β-lactamases inhibitor like clavulanic acids. This implies that the catalytic domains of β-lactamases have been mutated towards higher pathogenicity. The aim of the present study is to define the changes in β-lactamases catalytic efficiency against β-lactam antibiotics and its inhibitors. Materials and Methods: In this research work we have used multiple drug resistant (MDR) strains from surgical site of infections. A rapid method was used for specific detection of bacterial β-lactamases that uses β-lactam antibiotics as substrates. In this, the end products (open beta-lactam ring forms) generated after separately incubating substrates with β-lactamases producing strains. Those end products of antibiotics were highly fluorescent after specific treatment and could be analyzed visually under long-wave UV lamp for efficiency. Results: β-lactamases secreting strains are variably capable of defending β-lactam antibiotics. Interestingly, one of the E. coli strain secretes ESBL, this means that the strain is resistant against clavulanic acid. However, the most fascinating fact of the finding is that ideally the β-lactamases supposed to hydrolyze Penicillin by default but in our isolates, β-lactamases are not able to hydrolyze penicillin instead they hydrolyze amoxicillin, a derivative which replaced clinical use of penicillin. In addition to that we have identified the presence of New Delhi Metalo-betalactamase in one of the clinical isolates. Conclusion: Rate of evolution in microbes is very high. Thus we presume that some of the amino acids in the functional domain of β-lactamases have been changed respective to extinct use of penicillin whereas it is effective against clinically used other beta lactam antibiotics.