Dr. Lalta Prasad - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Dr. Lalta Prasad

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2018

In present research work, aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) reinforced with A... more In present research work, aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) reinforced with Al2O3 and SiC particles were fabricated by stir casting method. A total of three hybrid composites (Al + SiC (1.5%) +Al2O3 (1.5%), Al + SiC (3%) +Al2O3 (3%), Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%)) were made and parametric study (applied load, rpm, and time) was carried out on wear behavior of composites. Objective of the model was chosen as ‘smaller the better’ characteristics to analyze the wear resistance. Test on the samples was carried out as per the ASTM standards. ANOVA with L9 orthogonal array was selected to analyze the experimental data using Taguchi method. The specific wear resistance and hardness were improved significantly by adding reinforcement. According to the design expert with variable parameter, the best desirability results were found for Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%) having maximum S/N ratio and minimum specific wear rate. The S/N ratio was found maximum with Al + SiC (4.5%)...

Journal of Natural Fibers, 2022

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2022

Materials, 2021

In this work, aluminium alloy ADC12 reinforced with various amounts of ZrB2 (0 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 6 wt... more In this work, aluminium alloy ADC12 reinforced with various amounts of ZrB2 (0 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 9 wt.%) were synthesized by an in-situ reaction of molten aluminium with inorganic salts K2ZrF6 & KBF4. XRD, EDAX, and SEM techniques are used for the characterization of the fabricated composite. XRD analysis revealed the successful in situ formation of ZrB2 in the composite. From the SEM images, it was concluded that the distribution of reinforcement was homogeneous in the composites. A study of mechanical and tribological properties under the dry sliding condition of ZrB2-reinforced ADC12 alloy has also been carried out. It is seen that there is an increase in tensile strength by 18.8%, hardness by 64.2%, and an increase in wear resistance of the material after reinforcement. The ductility of the material decreased considerably with an increase in the amount of reinforcement. The composite’s impact strength decreased by 27.7% because of the addition of hard ZrB2 particulates.

The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of number of perforations on convect... more The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of number of perforations on convective heat transfer experimentally investigated. Perforations in the fins are one way that used to improve its effectiveness. In this study, the steady state heat transfer from the solid fin and perforated fin arrays are measured. The temperature drop along the perforated fin length is consistently higher than that for the equivalent non-perforated fin. The inlet temperature of the cylinder core was in the rage of 353 o C-953 o C for voltage range 100 V to 220 V. The heat transfer depends on the porosity of the fin. Heat dissipation rate is increased in the range of 20% to 70% with increase in the number of perforations (24 to 60) up to certain level. If further increase in perforation numbers this leads to reduction of the heat dissipation from the fin.

The present experimental investigations deal with the improvement of mechanical properties of col... more The present experimental investigations deal with the improvement of mechanical properties of cold work tool steels through different heat treatment processes. An attempt was made to get optimal combination of hardness and toughness through changes of microstructure by heat treatment. The toughness of D2 tool steel increases with tempering temperature. The hardness of D2 tool steel decreases with increase of tempering temperature. At lower tempering temperature range (160 o C-200 o C), the effect of tempering temperature on hardness is very small but as the tempering temperature increases hardness becomes prominent. The hardness of D2 tool steel increases with austenitizing temperature and the lowest and highest hardness were obtained at 970 o C and 1000 o C respectively. Results were compared with standard conventional test results. It is observed that different heat treatment processes significantly improves the mechanical properties like hardness, toughness and microstructure of ...

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2018

In present research work, aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) reinforced with A... more In present research work, aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) reinforced with Al2O3 and SiC particles were fabricated by stir casting method. A total of three hybrid composites (Al + SiC (1.5%) +Al2O3 (1.5%), Al + SiC (3%) +Al2O3 (3%), Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%)) were made and parametric study (applied load, rpm, and time) was carried out on wear behavior of composites. Objective of the model was chosen as ‘smaller the better’ characteristics to analyze the wear resistance. Test on the samples was carried out as per the ASTM standards. ANOVA with L9 orthogonal array was selected to analyze the experimental data using Taguchi method. The specific wear resistance and hardness were improved significantly by adding reinforcement. According to the design expert with variable parameter, the best desirability results were found for Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%) having maximum S/N ratio and minimum specific wear rate. The S/N ratio was found maximum with Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%) and minimum with Al + SiC (1.5%) +Al2O3 (1.5%) among all composites.

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2021

Natural fibres are gaining more and more interest as reinforcing materials for polymer composite ... more Natural fibres are gaining more and more interest as reinforcing materials for polymer composite due to their environmental and economical benefits. Bast fibers is a prominent reinforcement for use in polymeric materials because of its low specific weight and cost, eco-friendly and abundantly available in nature. Several authors manifest the cellulosic fibers based polymeric composites as advantageously used in automobile industries and structural applications, but certain problems have been associated during usage of such fiber such as high water/mosture-uptake and low strength than inorganic fibers. These problems have been reduced to a major extent with enhancements in mechanical properties by the researchers through hybridization of these natural fiber based composites with synthetic fiber (glass/Kevlar). In the present article, we reviewed the effect of hybridization of glass/Kevlar synthetic fibers on mechanical properties of bast fiber (jute, hemp, kenaf, flax) reinforced po...

The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the latest non-traditional machining processes... more The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the latest non-traditional machining processes, based on thermoelectric energy between the workpiece and an electrode. In this machining process, the material is removed electrothermally by a series of successive discrete discharges between two electrically conductive materials (electrode and workpiece). The performance of the machining process depends on the material, design and manufacturing method of the electrodes. Usually, the machine manufacturer uses the standard workpiece and electrode materials to establish the EDM parameter settings. The present study focused on the effect of Copper and Brass electrodes on material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) for AISI D2 tool steel by using Die- Sinker EDM. The current was varied from 4 to 10 amp, the voltage and flushing pressure were constant, the MRR for copper electrode was in the range of 4.8139 -22.6580 mm 3 /min whereas the range of MRR for brass electrode was 7.2213...

The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of number of perforations on convect... more The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of number of perforations on convective heat transfer experimentally investigated. Perforations in the fins are one way that used to improve its effectiveness. In this study, the steady state heat transfer from the solid fin and perforated fin arrays are measured. The temperature drop along the perforated fin length is consistently higher than that for the equivalent non – perforated fin. The inlet temperature of the cylinder core was in the rage of 353 o C-953 o C for voltage range 100 V to 220 V. The heat transfer depends on the porosity of the fin. Heat dissipation rate is increased in the range of 20% to 70% with increase in the number of perforations (24 to 60) up to certain level. If further increase in perforation numbers this leads to reduction of the heat dissipation from the fin.

Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 2019

In this study, a relation between reinforcement particles’ quantity variation and wear behaviour ... more In this study, a relation between reinforcement particles’ quantity variation and wear behaviour along with hardness properties of the aluminium-based functionally graded material (FGM) was established. Alumina particles were reinforced in aluminium-based functionally graded metal matrix composite, and the composites were manufactured by centrifugal casting at a constant speed. The matrix of the composite was a non commercial aluminium alloy, and Al2O3 particles, with an average grain size of 80 μm, were used as reinforcement. The reinforcement was varied in the range of 3.0–7.5 vol.%, and all the samples were prepared as per the ASTM standards. A pin-on-disc tribometer was used to study the sliding wear behaviour of composites. During the wear test, the speed of the disc was kept constant (0.5 m/s) and load was varied (20 and 25 N) at room temperature. The disc was made of AISI 52100 steel and acted as counter-body. In centrifugally cast metal matrix composite, the accumulation of alumina particles was found towards the outer region of the casting, which also showed an increase in the microhardness in that region. Wear testing indicated comparatively less wear towards the external zone of the castings.

Journal of Natural Fibers, 2021

The present investigation addresses the influence of fly ash filler material on physico-mechanica... more The present investigation addresses the influence of fly ash filler material on physico-mechanical properties (water absorption, tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) and abrasive wear on alkali...

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017

Abstract Material loss due to slurry erosion was a serious problem in many industrial application... more Abstract Material loss due to slurry erosion was a serious problem in many industrial applications like hydraulic turbines, slurry pumps, pipe lines, etc. where the ideal choice of engineering materials is a real challenge. Brass alloy was extensively used owing to its reasonable strength and ease of processing. Currently these alloys are also explored as candidate materials for propeller blade of torpedoes where major failure occurs due to slurry erosive wear. In the light of the above present investigation was aimed to study the slurry erosive wear behavior of brass with sand particles slurry. The studies were carried out at different sand concentration (16–28%), varying impact velocity (10-25m/sec), at different impingement angle (30°-75°) and varied impinging particle size (100-400 µm).The rate of material loss was found to be higher with increased sand concentration due to increased impinging action of sand particles. Increased impact velocity of slurry resulted in higher weight loss. Increased in impingement angle up to 60°, the wear rate increases; However beyond this the wear rate decreased. SEM studies were carried out on eroded surface to observe the mechanism of metal removal. The eroded surface also indicates that increased sand concentration, higher rotational speed and increased particle size resulted in severe damage on tested surfaces.

Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2016

AbstractThis paper has been aimed for thermochemical gasification of Pongamia residue (mixture of... more AbstractThis paper has been aimed for thermochemical gasification of Pongamia residue (mixture of shells and de-oiled cake) generated from the oil expellers and biodiesel production plants. Pongamia mixture pellets (with 11.5 mm diameter and average length in the range of 10–62 mm) were prepared and gasify in an open top downdraft wood gasifier. The temperature in various zones of the gasifier was measured by using S-type thermocouples. The calorific value of producer gas generated from pellets was in the range of 4.56–5.39 MJ/Nm3. The gasifier conversion efficiency was 94 % for pellets which is higher to that of wood gasification (74 %). Producer gas generated with these pellets was used in the spark ignition engine. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine were evaluated by varying load and spark timings. The engine brake thermal efficiency was 26 % at spark ignition timing 30° before top dead centre (bTDC) at full load condition. However, the de-rating of 4.5 % was observed when working with 100 % producer gas at compression ratio of 10. Emission parameters were on lower side at spark timing 30obTDC. The producer gas generated from the Pongamia mixture pellets could be used for heat and or power generation for rural areas.

Journal of Natural Fibers, 2019

ABSTRACT In the present work, the jute fiber and basalt fiber mats (geo-grid) reinforced with epo... more ABSTRACT In the present work, the jute fiber and basalt fiber mats (geo-grid) reinforced with epoxy hybrid composite material were prepared in a laboratory by using hand layup technique. The influence of the stacking sequence on physico-mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials was experimentally investigated as per the ASTM standards. The moisture content in the hybrid composite was slightly on higher side as compared to the simple composite (six layers of jute). The tensile strength of the hybrid composite (two layers of jute) was enhanced by 20% as compared to the simple composite. It was observed that the hybrid composite shows high strain (4.5%) and large extension (13.5 mm) in the flexural test as compared to that of simple composite.

Renewable Energy, 2015

ABSTRACT Pongamia residue (shells) is the byproduct from the biodiesel processing industry, which... more ABSTRACT Pongamia residue (shells) is the byproduct from the biodiesel processing industry, which is a lignocellulosic biomass material. It is not suitable as feedstock in downdraft wood gasifier due to low bulk density (146 kg/m3) of shells as compared to wood (more than 350 kg/m3). Pelletization and gasification of pelletized shells was carried out in the present work. The heat transfer analysis in pellets of 17 mm and 11.5 mm was also carried out to evaluate thermal properties of this biomass. Shell pellets of 17 mm and 11.5 mm diameter and length in the range of 10–60 mm were gasified in a 20 kWe downdraft wood gasifier. The complete gasification of pellets with 17 mm diameter could not be achieved because of less porosity and presence of larger thermal gradient within the pellets. The gasification efficiency was 73% for 17 mm diameter pellets which is lower than that of 11.5 mm diameter pellets which was 95%. The calorific value of producer gas generated from smaller diameter pellets was higher (4.66 MJ/N m3) as compared to larger diameter pellets (3.98 MJ/N m3). Tar formation during gasification of smaller diameter pellets was low as compared to larger diameter pellets.

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2014

Tung (Aleurites Fordii) is cultivated in China, Argentina, Paraguay, Africa, India, and United St... more Tung (Aleurites Fordii) is cultivated in China, Argentina, Paraguay, Africa, India, and United States. Tung oil has various applications like as a drying agent for paints and varnishes, termite control as well as cleaning and polishing compounds. The Tung shell and de-oiled cake are residues after decortications of the Tung seeds. This paper has been aimed for thermal degradation and gasification of Tung shells. Thermal degradation of the Tung shell was carried out at heating rates of 10, 15, and 20 °C/min from room temperature to 750 °C under non-isothermal conditions, and N2 was used as a carrier gas. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis results, it was found that Tung shells have low thermal stability. These shells were gasified in the downdraft wood gasifier. The calorific value of producer gas was calculated to be 4.75 MJ/Nm3. The conversion efficiency of the gasifier for Tung shells was higher (93 %) as compared to the wood (84 %). The producer gas generated from shells could be used for heat and or power generation for rural areas. Also a solution to reduce the disposal problem of toxic Tung shells generated from oil expellers.

Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2018

In present research work, aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) reinforced with A... more In present research work, aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) reinforced with Al2O3 and SiC particles were fabricated by stir casting method. A total of three hybrid composites (Al + SiC (1.5%) +Al2O3 (1.5%), Al + SiC (3%) +Al2O3 (3%), Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%)) were made and parametric study (applied load, rpm, and time) was carried out on wear behavior of composites. Objective of the model was chosen as ‘smaller the better’ characteristics to analyze the wear resistance. Test on the samples was carried out as per the ASTM standards. ANOVA with L9 orthogonal array was selected to analyze the experimental data using Taguchi method. The specific wear resistance and hardness were improved significantly by adding reinforcement. According to the design expert with variable parameter, the best desirability results were found for Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%) having maximum S/N ratio and minimum specific wear rate. The S/N ratio was found maximum with Al + SiC (4.5%)...

Journal of Natural Fibers, 2022

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2022

Materials, 2021

In this work, aluminium alloy ADC12 reinforced with various amounts of ZrB2 (0 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 6 wt... more In this work, aluminium alloy ADC12 reinforced with various amounts of ZrB2 (0 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 9 wt.%) were synthesized by an in-situ reaction of molten aluminium with inorganic salts K2ZrF6 & KBF4. XRD, EDAX, and SEM techniques are used for the characterization of the fabricated composite. XRD analysis revealed the successful in situ formation of ZrB2 in the composite. From the SEM images, it was concluded that the distribution of reinforcement was homogeneous in the composites. A study of mechanical and tribological properties under the dry sliding condition of ZrB2-reinforced ADC12 alloy has also been carried out. It is seen that there is an increase in tensile strength by 18.8%, hardness by 64.2%, and an increase in wear resistance of the material after reinforcement. The ductility of the material decreased considerably with an increase in the amount of reinforcement. The composite’s impact strength decreased by 27.7% because of the addition of hard ZrB2 particulates.

The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of number of perforations on convect... more The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of number of perforations on convective heat transfer experimentally investigated. Perforations in the fins are one way that used to improve its effectiveness. In this study, the steady state heat transfer from the solid fin and perforated fin arrays are measured. The temperature drop along the perforated fin length is consistently higher than that for the equivalent non-perforated fin. The inlet temperature of the cylinder core was in the rage of 353 o C-953 o C for voltage range 100 V to 220 V. The heat transfer depends on the porosity of the fin. Heat dissipation rate is increased in the range of 20% to 70% with increase in the number of perforations (24 to 60) up to certain level. If further increase in perforation numbers this leads to reduction of the heat dissipation from the fin.

The present experimental investigations deal with the improvement of mechanical properties of col... more The present experimental investigations deal with the improvement of mechanical properties of cold work tool steels through different heat treatment processes. An attempt was made to get optimal combination of hardness and toughness through changes of microstructure by heat treatment. The toughness of D2 tool steel increases with tempering temperature. The hardness of D2 tool steel decreases with increase of tempering temperature. At lower tempering temperature range (160 o C-200 o C), the effect of tempering temperature on hardness is very small but as the tempering temperature increases hardness becomes prominent. The hardness of D2 tool steel increases with austenitizing temperature and the lowest and highest hardness were obtained at 970 o C and 1000 o C respectively. Results were compared with standard conventional test results. It is observed that different heat treatment processes significantly improves the mechanical properties like hardness, toughness and microstructure of ...

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2018

In present research work, aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) reinforced with A... more In present research work, aluminum-based hybrid metal matrix composites (HMMCs) reinforced with Al2O3 and SiC particles were fabricated by stir casting method. A total of three hybrid composites (Al + SiC (1.5%) +Al2O3 (1.5%), Al + SiC (3%) +Al2O3 (3%), Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%)) were made and parametric study (applied load, rpm, and time) was carried out on wear behavior of composites. Objective of the model was chosen as ‘smaller the better’ characteristics to analyze the wear resistance. Test on the samples was carried out as per the ASTM standards. ANOVA with L9 orthogonal array was selected to analyze the experimental data using Taguchi method. The specific wear resistance and hardness were improved significantly by adding reinforcement. According to the design expert with variable parameter, the best desirability results were found for Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%) having maximum S/N ratio and minimum specific wear rate. The S/N ratio was found maximum with Al + SiC (4.5%) +Al2O3 (4.5%) and minimum with Al + SiC (1.5%) +Al2O3 (1.5%) among all composites.

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2021

Natural fibres are gaining more and more interest as reinforcing materials for polymer composite ... more Natural fibres are gaining more and more interest as reinforcing materials for polymer composite due to their environmental and economical benefits. Bast fibers is a prominent reinforcement for use in polymeric materials because of its low specific weight and cost, eco-friendly and abundantly available in nature. Several authors manifest the cellulosic fibers based polymeric composites as advantageously used in automobile industries and structural applications, but certain problems have been associated during usage of such fiber such as high water/mosture-uptake and low strength than inorganic fibers. These problems have been reduced to a major extent with enhancements in mechanical properties by the researchers through hybridization of these natural fiber based composites with synthetic fiber (glass/Kevlar). In the present article, we reviewed the effect of hybridization of glass/Kevlar synthetic fibers on mechanical properties of bast fiber (jute, hemp, kenaf, flax) reinforced po...

The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the latest non-traditional machining processes... more The electrical discharge machining (EDM) is one of the latest non-traditional machining processes, based on thermoelectric energy between the workpiece and an electrode. In this machining process, the material is removed electrothermally by a series of successive discrete discharges between two electrically conductive materials (electrode and workpiece). The performance of the machining process depends on the material, design and manufacturing method of the electrodes. Usually, the machine manufacturer uses the standard workpiece and electrode materials to establish the EDM parameter settings. The present study focused on the effect of Copper and Brass electrodes on material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR) for AISI D2 tool steel by using Die- Sinker EDM. The current was varied from 4 to 10 amp, the voltage and flushing pressure were constant, the MRR for copper electrode was in the range of 4.8139 -22.6580 mm 3 /min whereas the range of MRR for brass electrode was 7.2213...

The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of number of perforations on convect... more The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of number of perforations on convective heat transfer experimentally investigated. Perforations in the fins are one way that used to improve its effectiveness. In this study, the steady state heat transfer from the solid fin and perforated fin arrays are measured. The temperature drop along the perforated fin length is consistently higher than that for the equivalent non – perforated fin. The inlet temperature of the cylinder core was in the rage of 353 o C-953 o C for voltage range 100 V to 220 V. The heat transfer depends on the porosity of the fin. Heat dissipation rate is increased in the range of 20% to 70% with increase in the number of perforations (24 to 60) up to certain level. If further increase in perforation numbers this leads to reduction of the heat dissipation from the fin.

Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, 2019

In this study, a relation between reinforcement particles’ quantity variation and wear behaviour ... more In this study, a relation between reinforcement particles’ quantity variation and wear behaviour along with hardness properties of the aluminium-based functionally graded material (FGM) was established. Alumina particles were reinforced in aluminium-based functionally graded metal matrix composite, and the composites were manufactured by centrifugal casting at a constant speed. The matrix of the composite was a non commercial aluminium alloy, and Al2O3 particles, with an average grain size of 80 μm, were used as reinforcement. The reinforcement was varied in the range of 3.0–7.5 vol.%, and all the samples were prepared as per the ASTM standards. A pin-on-disc tribometer was used to study the sliding wear behaviour of composites. During the wear test, the speed of the disc was kept constant (0.5 m/s) and load was varied (20 and 25 N) at room temperature. The disc was made of AISI 52100 steel and acted as counter-body. In centrifugally cast metal matrix composite, the accumulation of alumina particles was found towards the outer region of the casting, which also showed an increase in the microhardness in that region. Wear testing indicated comparatively less wear towards the external zone of the castings.

Journal of Natural Fibers, 2021

The present investigation addresses the influence of fly ash filler material on physico-mechanica... more The present investigation addresses the influence of fly ash filler material on physico-mechanical properties (water absorption, tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) and abrasive wear on alkali...

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2017

Abstract Material loss due to slurry erosion was a serious problem in many industrial application... more Abstract Material loss due to slurry erosion was a serious problem in many industrial applications like hydraulic turbines, slurry pumps, pipe lines, etc. where the ideal choice of engineering materials is a real challenge. Brass alloy was extensively used owing to its reasonable strength and ease of processing. Currently these alloys are also explored as candidate materials for propeller blade of torpedoes where major failure occurs due to slurry erosive wear. In the light of the above present investigation was aimed to study the slurry erosive wear behavior of brass with sand particles slurry. The studies were carried out at different sand concentration (16–28%), varying impact velocity (10-25m/sec), at different impingement angle (30°-75°) and varied impinging particle size (100-400 µm).The rate of material loss was found to be higher with increased sand concentration due to increased impinging action of sand particles. Increased impact velocity of slurry resulted in higher weight loss. Increased in impingement angle up to 60°, the wear rate increases; However beyond this the wear rate decreased. SEM studies were carried out on eroded surface to observe the mechanism of metal removal. The eroded surface also indicates that increased sand concentration, higher rotational speed and increased particle size resulted in severe damage on tested surfaces.

Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2016

AbstractThis paper has been aimed for thermochemical gasification of Pongamia residue (mixture of... more AbstractThis paper has been aimed for thermochemical gasification of Pongamia residue (mixture of shells and de-oiled cake) generated from the oil expellers and biodiesel production plants. Pongamia mixture pellets (with 11.5 mm diameter and average length in the range of 10–62 mm) were prepared and gasify in an open top downdraft wood gasifier. The temperature in various zones of the gasifier was measured by using S-type thermocouples. The calorific value of producer gas generated from pellets was in the range of 4.56–5.39 MJ/Nm3. The gasifier conversion efficiency was 94 % for pellets which is higher to that of wood gasification (74 %). Producer gas generated with these pellets was used in the spark ignition engine. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine were evaluated by varying load and spark timings. The engine brake thermal efficiency was 26 % at spark ignition timing 30° before top dead centre (bTDC) at full load condition. However, the de-rating of 4.5 % was observed when working with 100 % producer gas at compression ratio of 10. Emission parameters were on lower side at spark timing 30obTDC. The producer gas generated from the Pongamia mixture pellets could be used for heat and or power generation for rural areas.

Journal of Natural Fibers, 2019

ABSTRACT In the present work, the jute fiber and basalt fiber mats (geo-grid) reinforced with epo... more ABSTRACT In the present work, the jute fiber and basalt fiber mats (geo-grid) reinforced with epoxy hybrid composite material were prepared in a laboratory by using hand layup technique. The influence of the stacking sequence on physico-mechanical properties of hybrid composite materials was experimentally investigated as per the ASTM standards. The moisture content in the hybrid composite was slightly on higher side as compared to the simple composite (six layers of jute). The tensile strength of the hybrid composite (two layers of jute) was enhanced by 20% as compared to the simple composite. It was observed that the hybrid composite shows high strain (4.5%) and large extension (13.5 mm) in the flexural test as compared to that of simple composite.

Renewable Energy, 2015

ABSTRACT Pongamia residue (shells) is the byproduct from the biodiesel processing industry, which... more ABSTRACT Pongamia residue (shells) is the byproduct from the biodiesel processing industry, which is a lignocellulosic biomass material. It is not suitable as feedstock in downdraft wood gasifier due to low bulk density (146 kg/m3) of shells as compared to wood (more than 350 kg/m3). Pelletization and gasification of pelletized shells was carried out in the present work. The heat transfer analysis in pellets of 17 mm and 11.5 mm was also carried out to evaluate thermal properties of this biomass. Shell pellets of 17 mm and 11.5 mm diameter and length in the range of 10–60 mm were gasified in a 20 kWe downdraft wood gasifier. The complete gasification of pellets with 17 mm diameter could not be achieved because of less porosity and presence of larger thermal gradient within the pellets. The gasification efficiency was 73% for 17 mm diameter pellets which is lower than that of 11.5 mm diameter pellets which was 95%. The calorific value of producer gas generated from smaller diameter pellets was higher (4.66 MJ/N m3) as compared to larger diameter pellets (3.98 MJ/N m3). Tar formation during gasification of smaller diameter pellets was low as compared to larger diameter pellets.

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2014

Tung (Aleurites Fordii) is cultivated in China, Argentina, Paraguay, Africa, India, and United St... more Tung (Aleurites Fordii) is cultivated in China, Argentina, Paraguay, Africa, India, and United States. Tung oil has various applications like as a drying agent for paints and varnishes, termite control as well as cleaning and polishing compounds. The Tung shell and de-oiled cake are residues after decortications of the Tung seeds. This paper has been aimed for thermal degradation and gasification of Tung shells. Thermal degradation of the Tung shell was carried out at heating rates of 10, 15, and 20 °C/min from room temperature to 750 °C under non-isothermal conditions, and N2 was used as a carrier gas. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis results, it was found that Tung shells have low thermal stability. These shells were gasified in the downdraft wood gasifier. The calorific value of producer gas was calculated to be 4.75 MJ/Nm3. The conversion efficiency of the gasifier for Tung shells was higher (93 %) as compared to the wood (84 %). The producer gas generated from shells could be used for heat and or power generation for rural areas. Also a solution to reduce the disposal problem of toxic Tung shells generated from oil expellers.

Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014