Prashant Kumar Rai - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Prashant Kumar Rai

Tetrahedron Letters, 2013

Abstract An unprecedented multi-component reaction for the synthesis of thiosugar-annulated 1,3-t... more Abstract An unprecedented multi-component reaction for the synthesis of thiosugar-annulated 1,3-thiazines is reported. The envisaged synthetic strategy involves the reaction of d -glucose/ d -xylose and 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-one with AcONH 4 /RNH 2 in task specific ionic liquid (TSIL), [bmim]SCN which afforded thiosugar annulated 1,3-thiazines in excellent yields (83–93%). The reaction is effected via ionic liquid promoted Michael addition followed by mercaptoacetylative ring transformation in a one-pot procedure and the ionic liquid, [bmim]OH could be easily recycled for further use without any loss of efficiency and be used for the synthesis of [bmim]SCN, thus allowing recycling of the TSIL for further use.

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2016

An experiment was oversaw to assess agronomic and seed quality traits in 11 Groundnut genotypes a... more An experiment was oversaw to assess agronomic and seed quality traits in 11 Groundnut genotypes along with one check (K 6

Advanced Materials Letters, 2012

Nowadays, nanotechnology has grown to be an important research field in all areas including medic... more Nowadays, nanotechnology has grown to be an important research field in all areas including medicinal chemistry. The size, orientation and physical properties of nanoparticles have reportedly shown to change the performance of any material. For several years, scientists have constantly explored different synthetic methods to synthesize nanoparticles. On the contrary, the green method of synthesis of nanoparticles is easy, efficient, and eco-friendly in comparison to chemical-mediated or microbemediated synthesis. The chemical synthesis involves toxic solvents, high pressure, energy and high temperature conversion and microbe involved synthesis is not feasible industrially due to its lab maintenance. Since, green synthesis is the best option to opt for the synthesis of nanoparticles, therefore the nanoparticles were synthesized by using aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera and metal ions (such as silver). Silver was of particular interest due to its distinctive physical and chemical properties. M. oleifera leaf extract was selected as it is of high medicinal value and it does not require any sample preparation and hence is cost-effective. The fixed ratio of plant extract and silver ions were mixed and kept at room temperature for reduction. The color change from yellow to reddish brown confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. Further, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV, EPMA, XRD and FTIR data. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized nanoparticle has also been examined in gram positive and gram negative bacteria and encouraging results are in hand.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Jun 25, 2009

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Indian traditional system of medicine, Moringa oleifera Lam. S... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Indian traditional system of medicine, Moringa oleifera Lam. Syn. Moringa pterygosperma Gaerth (Moringaceae) is commonly used as healing herb to treat diabetes. Aim of the study: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of M. oleifera leaves aqueous extract therapy on glycemic control, haemoglobin, total protein, urine sugar, urine protein and body weight. Materials and methods: Variable doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg kg −1 of aqueous extract were administered orally by gavage for evaluating their hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects on fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and post prandial glucose (PPG) of normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced sub, mild and severely diabetic rats. Results: The dose of 200 mg kg −1 decreases blood glucose level (BGL) of normal animals by 26.7 and 29.9% during FBG and OGTT studies respectively. In sub and mild diabetic animals the same dose produced a maximum fall of 31.1 and 32.8% respectively, during OGTT. In case of severely diabetic animals FBG and PPG levels were reduced by 69.2 and 51.2% whereas, total protein, body weight and haemoglobin were increased by 11.3, 10.5 and 10.9% respectively after 21 days of treatment. Significant reduction was found in urine sugar and urine protein levels from +4 and +2 to nil and trace, respectively. Conclusion: The study validates scientifically the widely claimed use of M. oleifera as an ethnomedicine to treat diabetes mellitus.

Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), Jan 12, 2011

The present study is a systematic and scientific evaluation of antioxidant potential of aqueous e... more The present study is a systematic and scientific evaluation of antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits on diabetes induced oxidative stress of severely diabetic rats. Its effect on gene expression level of the tissue—specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) was also studied. The dose of 1000mg/kg bw of T. dioica extract was administered orally once a day for 28 days to severely diabetic rats. Various oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in selected tissues of control as well as treated diabetic rats. The elevated level of lipid peroxidation was decreased and the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase were increased significantly (p<0.05) in treated rats. Diabetes induced increased expression levels of drug metabolizing gene viz CYP 450 were drastically inhibited after the treatment. Thus the inhibition of gene expression level can be correlated with the exo...

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

ABSTRACT

The genotoxic effects of 2 heavy metals (mercury chloride and cadmium chloride) on the gametic ce... more The genotoxic effects of 2 heavy metals (mercury chloride and cadmium chloride) on the gametic cells of 6 inbred lines of maize were tested in terms of cytological abnormalities. Meiosis was normal under control conditions. During the treatments with mercury and cadmium there was a concentration-dependent increase in meiotic abnormalities in all the inbred lines. A wide spectrum of chromosomal aberrations in the treated sets was stickiness, followed by laggards, bridges, scattering, precocious movement, fragments, etc. Maximum chromosomal anomalies were observed in inbred line CM-142 in both the treatment sets of heavy metals. Compared to CdCl 2 , HgCl 2 induced more chromosomal damage in all the inbreds. Of the 6 inbreds examined during the present investigation, CM-138 was the most tolerant to both heavy metals, while CM-142 was the least resistant.

The Indian journal of medical research, 2007

Many plant polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycaemic effect. Though the fruit of Psidium guajava is k... more Many plant polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycaemic effect. Though the fruit of Psidium guajava is known to contain free sugars, the fruit extract showed hypoglycaemic effect in alloxan treated mice and human subjects. The present study was aimed to determine the glycaemic potential of P. guajava fruit peel extract on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocininduced sub-diabetic rats during fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance test (GTT). Female albino Wistar rats (n=42) were divided into seven equal groups, and were given different doses of fruit peel extract. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (ip) at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured after collecting the blood from tail veins. The diabetic and sub-diabetic models showed hyperglycaemic effect from a single oral administration of variable doses of P. guajava fruit peel extract. The maximum rise of 26.51 per cent was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg bw exa...

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2010

Ayurvedic preparations. Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) commonly known as 'Haldi' in Hindi is also ... more Ayurvedic preparations. Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) commonly known as 'Haldi' in Hindi is also an important dietary spice. It is extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of medicine as home remedy for various diseases including bileary disorder, anorexia, diabetic wounds etc (5,6). Its aqueous extract has been screened for its protective effect against type 2 diabetes mellitus (7). Since, no work has been carried out so far on freeze dried powder of C. longa with milk and that too in type 1 diabetic models, therefore in the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of freeze dried powder of C. longa rhizome dissolved in milk. The advantage of high solubility of C. longa in fat or other organic solvents has been taken in to consideration by using milk as a solvent for freeze dried C. longa powder (8). Freeze dried C. longa was preferred in order to preserve its active ingredients. The streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were considered as a valuable tool for the present pathophysiological and pharmacological studies. A number of biochemical parameters have been studied for validating its antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective potential. Hence, dissolving the freeze-dried powder of C. longa rhizome in milk has facilitated the creative potential of the work. This report being an original research gives a vision of creativity Food and medicine are, in fact, two sides of the same coin and man has been provided with both of these by plants. Herbal medicines have been used since ages for the treatment of diabetic patients and they are currently accepted as a complementary and alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus (1). More than 1200 plants have been screened till date scientifically as hypoglycemic agents (2, 3). Recently, awareness of synthetic drugs related health problems have increased tremendously resulting in an increasing demand of natural ingredients, as novel oral antidiabetic agents from these ethnobotanical plants (4). From very early times spices have played an important role in

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2009

The present study defines the systematic evaluation and the role of minerals in glycemic potentia... more The present study defines the systematic evaluation and the role of minerals in glycemic potential of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in order to develop an effective and safe alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was used for glycemic element detection. The study is based on the results of lowering in blood glucose levels of normal, sub, mild and severely diabetic rats assessed during fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test and post prandial glucose studies. The dose of 1000mg/ kg was identified as the most effective dose, which reduces the Fasting Blood Glucose level maximum by 33.2% at 4h in normal rats during fasting blood glucose studies. Glucose tolerance test studies of normal, sub and mild diabetic rats showed the maximum reduction of 15.7, 28.9 and 37.8% at 3h respectively. Long-term study in case of severely diabetic rats showed reduction of 52.9 and 54.1% in Fasting Blood Glucose and Post Prandial Glucose levels respectively after 30 days of treatment. The present study, besides confirming hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities of aqueous extract of W. coagulans, helps in identifying the role of trace minerals like Mg & Ca responsible for antidiabetic potential of this potent indigenous shrub.

Food Biophysics, 2012

ABSTRACT

Methods in Molecular Biology, 2009

Erythrocytes are readily available cells and a good model system to study the health status of in... more Erythrocytes are readily available cells and a good model system to study the health status of individuals with pathologic complications. It can also serve as a meaningful target to study toxicant/xenobiotic-induced damages. We have prepared different concentrations of a carbamate pesticide (carbofuran) and carried out experiments to determine its toxicity on erythrocytes in terms of mean erythrocyte fragility (MEF). We observed a significant alteration in the osmotic fragility upon treatment with carbofuran. In our earlier studies we have observed a good correlation between OF and OS in diabetic subjects. Study reveals OF as a potential biomarker of oxidative membrane damage in pathologic conditions as well as toxicant/xenobiotic/pesticide-induced oxidative membrane damage to erythrocytes.

The Indian journal of medical research, 2009

This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guaja... more This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava unripe fruit peel on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocin induced mild and severely diabetic rats as an extension of our previous work carried out on Psidium guajava ripe fruit peel. The aqueous extract of P. guajava unripe fruits was prepared. Male 6-8 wk old albino Wistar rats were selected for the experiments. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin infection. Blood glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method. Antihyperglycaemic activity of the extract was assessed in mild and severely diabetic rats. The maximum fall of 21.2 per cent (P<0.01) and 26.9 per cent (P<0.01) after 3 h of glucose administration during glucose tolerance test (GTT) was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg, identified as the most effective dose, in normal and mild diabetic rats respectively. In severely diabetic rats the maximum fall of 20.8 and 17.5 per cent in fasting ...

The Indian journal of medical research, 2010

The study evaluated the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of unripe Psidium guajava fru... more The study evaluated the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of unripe Psidium guajava fruit peel aqueous extract in streptozotocin (STZ) induced severely diabetic rats by assaying their triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), asperate amino transeferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and creatanine (CRTN) levels. Severely diabetic albino Wister rats of same age group were treated orally once a day upto 3wk with a dose of 400 mg/kg bw of lyophilized extract. TG, TC, HDL, ALKP, AST, ALT and CRTN were estimated. LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels were calculated from the above measurements by using Friedwald formula. A significant decrease in TG (P<0.01), TC (P<0.01), HDL (P<0.001) VLDL (P<0.001) and LDL (P<0.01), ALKP (P<0.01), AST (P<0.05), ALT (P<0.05) and CRTN (P<0.001) levels were observed after 21 days treatment of aquous extract of raw fruit peel compared to pre tr...

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2009

Wistar rats of 6-8 weeks in age weighing between 120-150 g were exposed to the fixed doses of eac... more Wistar rats of 6-8 weeks in age weighing between 120-150 g were exposed to the fixed doses of each of the carbamate pesticides such as cartap (50% LD 50) and carbofuran (50% LD 50) as well as a combination of these two with 25% LD 50 of each for one week. The effect of treatments was studied in terms of serum lipid parameters such as high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein. Treatment with individual doses of carbofuran (50% LD 50) and cartap (50 % LD 50) caused significant alterations in the levels of serum lipid parameters. The pesticides treatment resulted in marked decrease in the level of serum high-density lipoprotein where as that of other lipids got significantly elevated. Further, the rats exhibited relatively higher impact of pesticides when treated with the compounds in combination (25 % LD 50 of each). The results indicated that these compounds when used together may exert enhanced effect on the levels of serum lipids in rat.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2007

The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) ... more The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal & diabetic rats. The dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight produces a significant rise of 28.3% in blood glucose level after 6h of oral administration in normal rats. Whereas, in sub diabetic rats the same dose produces a rise of 16.4% in blood glucose levels within 1h during glucose tolerance test (GTT) and a rise of 16% after 4 h in fasting blood glucose levels of severe diabetic cases. These results were unexpected and important to report as other species of Musa like Musa sapientum has been reported for its hypoglycemic effect.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2009

The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon against h... more The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon against hepatic complications in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic models. Effect of the pre identified most effective dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was studied on hepatic injury caused by chemically induced diabetes by 55 mg/kg body weight i.p. injection of STZ in male Wistar rats. The dose of 500mg/kg body weight given once daily for 14 days reduced the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urine sugar significantly (P<0.05) with increase in total protein, haemoglobin and body weight was increased. High LD(50) validates its high margin of safety.

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2008

In rats with streptozotocin induced severe diabetes mellitus, aqueous extract of Trichosanthes di... more In rats with streptozotocin induced severe diabetes mellitus, aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits at a dose of 1000mg/kg body weight daily once for 28 days reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, asparate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urine sugar and urine protein where as total protein and body weight was increased. No toxic effect was observed during LD 50. Our study suggests that further detailed toxicity studies and mechanism of action of T. dioica would be useful for undertaking human trials.

Tetrahedron Letters, 2013

Abstract An unprecedented multi-component reaction for the synthesis of thiosugar-annulated 1,3-t... more Abstract An unprecedented multi-component reaction for the synthesis of thiosugar-annulated 1,3-thiazines is reported. The envisaged synthetic strategy involves the reaction of d -glucose/ d -xylose and 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-one with AcONH 4 /RNH 2 in task specific ionic liquid (TSIL), [bmim]SCN which afforded thiosugar annulated 1,3-thiazines in excellent yields (83–93%). The reaction is effected via ionic liquid promoted Michael addition followed by mercaptoacetylative ring transformation in a one-pot procedure and the ionic liquid, [bmim]OH could be easily recycled for further use without any loss of efficiency and be used for the synthesis of [bmim]SCN, thus allowing recycling of the TSIL for further use.

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2016

An experiment was oversaw to assess agronomic and seed quality traits in 11 Groundnut genotypes a... more An experiment was oversaw to assess agronomic and seed quality traits in 11 Groundnut genotypes along with one check (K 6

Advanced Materials Letters, 2012

Nowadays, nanotechnology has grown to be an important research field in all areas including medic... more Nowadays, nanotechnology has grown to be an important research field in all areas including medicinal chemistry. The size, orientation and physical properties of nanoparticles have reportedly shown to change the performance of any material. For several years, scientists have constantly explored different synthetic methods to synthesize nanoparticles. On the contrary, the green method of synthesis of nanoparticles is easy, efficient, and eco-friendly in comparison to chemical-mediated or microbemediated synthesis. The chemical synthesis involves toxic solvents, high pressure, energy and high temperature conversion and microbe involved synthesis is not feasible industrially due to its lab maintenance. Since, green synthesis is the best option to opt for the synthesis of nanoparticles, therefore the nanoparticles were synthesized by using aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera and metal ions (such as silver). Silver was of particular interest due to its distinctive physical and chemical properties. M. oleifera leaf extract was selected as it is of high medicinal value and it does not require any sample preparation and hence is cost-effective. The fixed ratio of plant extract and silver ions were mixed and kept at room temperature for reduction. The color change from yellow to reddish brown confirmed the formation of nanoparticles. Further, the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV, EPMA, XRD and FTIR data. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized nanoparticle has also been examined in gram positive and gram negative bacteria and encouraging results are in hand.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Jun 25, 2009

Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Indian traditional system of medicine, Moringa oleifera Lam. S... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: In Indian traditional system of medicine, Moringa oleifera Lam. Syn. Moringa pterygosperma Gaerth (Moringaceae) is commonly used as healing herb to treat diabetes. Aim of the study: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of M. oleifera leaves aqueous extract therapy on glycemic control, haemoglobin, total protein, urine sugar, urine protein and body weight. Materials and methods: Variable doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg kg −1 of aqueous extract were administered orally by gavage for evaluating their hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects on fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and post prandial glucose (PPG) of normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced sub, mild and severely diabetic rats. Results: The dose of 200 mg kg −1 decreases blood glucose level (BGL) of normal animals by 26.7 and 29.9% during FBG and OGTT studies respectively. In sub and mild diabetic animals the same dose produced a maximum fall of 31.1 and 32.8% respectively, during OGTT. In case of severely diabetic animals FBG and PPG levels were reduced by 69.2 and 51.2% whereas, total protein, body weight and haemoglobin were increased by 11.3, 10.5 and 10.9% respectively after 21 days of treatment. Significant reduction was found in urine sugar and urine protein levels from +4 and +2 to nil and trace, respectively. Conclusion: The study validates scientifically the widely claimed use of M. oleifera as an ethnomedicine to treat diabetes mellitus.

Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), Jan 12, 2011

The present study is a systematic and scientific evaluation of antioxidant potential of aqueous e... more The present study is a systematic and scientific evaluation of antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits on diabetes induced oxidative stress of severely diabetic rats. Its effect on gene expression level of the tissue—specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) was also studied. The dose of 1000mg/kg bw of T. dioica extract was administered orally once a day for 28 days to severely diabetic rats. Various oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in selected tissues of control as well as treated diabetic rats. The elevated level of lipid peroxidation was decreased and the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase were increased significantly (p<0.05) in treated rats. Diabetes induced increased expression levels of drug metabolizing gene viz CYP 450 were drastically inhibited after the treatment. Thus the inhibition of gene expression level can be correlated with the exo...

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

ABSTRACT

The genotoxic effects of 2 heavy metals (mercury chloride and cadmium chloride) on the gametic ce... more The genotoxic effects of 2 heavy metals (mercury chloride and cadmium chloride) on the gametic cells of 6 inbred lines of maize were tested in terms of cytological abnormalities. Meiosis was normal under control conditions. During the treatments with mercury and cadmium there was a concentration-dependent increase in meiotic abnormalities in all the inbred lines. A wide spectrum of chromosomal aberrations in the treated sets was stickiness, followed by laggards, bridges, scattering, precocious movement, fragments, etc. Maximum chromosomal anomalies were observed in inbred line CM-142 in both the treatment sets of heavy metals. Compared to CdCl 2 , HgCl 2 induced more chromosomal damage in all the inbreds. Of the 6 inbreds examined during the present investigation, CM-138 was the most tolerant to both heavy metals, while CM-142 was the least resistant.

The Indian journal of medical research, 2007

Many plant polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycaemic effect. Though the fruit of Psidium guajava is k... more Many plant polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycaemic effect. Though the fruit of Psidium guajava is known to contain free sugars, the fruit extract showed hypoglycaemic effect in alloxan treated mice and human subjects. The present study was aimed to determine the glycaemic potential of P. guajava fruit peel extract on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocininduced sub-diabetic rats during fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance test (GTT). Female albino Wistar rats (n=42) were divided into seven equal groups, and were given different doses of fruit peel extract. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (ip) at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured after collecting the blood from tail veins. The diabetic and sub-diabetic models showed hyperglycaemic effect from a single oral administration of variable doses of P. guajava fruit peel extract. The maximum rise of 26.51 per cent was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg bw exa...

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2010

Ayurvedic preparations. Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) commonly known as 'Haldi' in Hindi is also ... more Ayurvedic preparations. Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) commonly known as 'Haldi' in Hindi is also an important dietary spice. It is extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of medicine as home remedy for various diseases including bileary disorder, anorexia, diabetic wounds etc (5,6). Its aqueous extract has been screened for its protective effect against type 2 diabetes mellitus (7). Since, no work has been carried out so far on freeze dried powder of C. longa with milk and that too in type 1 diabetic models, therefore in the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of freeze dried powder of C. longa rhizome dissolved in milk. The advantage of high solubility of C. longa in fat or other organic solvents has been taken in to consideration by using milk as a solvent for freeze dried C. longa powder (8). Freeze dried C. longa was preferred in order to preserve its active ingredients. The streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were considered as a valuable tool for the present pathophysiological and pharmacological studies. A number of biochemical parameters have been studied for validating its antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective potential. Hence, dissolving the freeze-dried powder of C. longa rhizome in milk has facilitated the creative potential of the work. This report being an original research gives a vision of creativity Food and medicine are, in fact, two sides of the same coin and man has been provided with both of these by plants. Herbal medicines have been used since ages for the treatment of diabetic patients and they are currently accepted as a complementary and alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus (1). More than 1200 plants have been screened till date scientifically as hypoglycemic agents (2, 3). Recently, awareness of synthetic drugs related health problems have increased tremendously resulting in an increasing demand of natural ingredients, as novel oral antidiabetic agents from these ethnobotanical plants (4). From very early times spices have played an important role in

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2009

The present study defines the systematic evaluation and the role of minerals in glycemic potentia... more The present study defines the systematic evaluation and the role of minerals in glycemic potential of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in order to develop an effective and safe alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was used for glycemic element detection. The study is based on the results of lowering in blood glucose levels of normal, sub, mild and severely diabetic rats assessed during fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance test and post prandial glucose studies. The dose of 1000mg/ kg was identified as the most effective dose, which reduces the Fasting Blood Glucose level maximum by 33.2% at 4h in normal rats during fasting blood glucose studies. Glucose tolerance test studies of normal, sub and mild diabetic rats showed the maximum reduction of 15.7, 28.9 and 37.8% at 3h respectively. Long-term study in case of severely diabetic rats showed reduction of 52.9 and 54.1% in Fasting Blood Glucose and Post Prandial Glucose levels respectively after 30 days of treatment. The present study, besides confirming hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities of aqueous extract of W. coagulans, helps in identifying the role of trace minerals like Mg & Ca responsible for antidiabetic potential of this potent indigenous shrub.

Food Biophysics, 2012

ABSTRACT

Methods in Molecular Biology, 2009

Erythrocytes are readily available cells and a good model system to study the health status of in... more Erythrocytes are readily available cells and a good model system to study the health status of individuals with pathologic complications. It can also serve as a meaningful target to study toxicant/xenobiotic-induced damages. We have prepared different concentrations of a carbamate pesticide (carbofuran) and carried out experiments to determine its toxicity on erythrocytes in terms of mean erythrocyte fragility (MEF). We observed a significant alteration in the osmotic fragility upon treatment with carbofuran. In our earlier studies we have observed a good correlation between OF and OS in diabetic subjects. Study reveals OF as a potential biomarker of oxidative membrane damage in pathologic conditions as well as toxicant/xenobiotic/pesticide-induced oxidative membrane damage to erythrocytes.

The Indian journal of medical research, 2009

This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guaja... more This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava unripe fruit peel on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocin induced mild and severely diabetic rats as an extension of our previous work carried out on Psidium guajava ripe fruit peel. The aqueous extract of P. guajava unripe fruits was prepared. Male 6-8 wk old albino Wistar rats were selected for the experiments. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin infection. Blood glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method. Antihyperglycaemic activity of the extract was assessed in mild and severely diabetic rats. The maximum fall of 21.2 per cent (P<0.01) and 26.9 per cent (P<0.01) after 3 h of glucose administration during glucose tolerance test (GTT) was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg, identified as the most effective dose, in normal and mild diabetic rats respectively. In severely diabetic rats the maximum fall of 20.8 and 17.5 per cent in fasting ...

The Indian journal of medical research, 2010

The study evaluated the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of unripe Psidium guajava fru... more The study evaluated the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of unripe Psidium guajava fruit peel aqueous extract in streptozotocin (STZ) induced severely diabetic rats by assaying their triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), asperate amino transeferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and creatanine (CRTN) levels. Severely diabetic albino Wister rats of same age group were treated orally once a day upto 3wk with a dose of 400 mg/kg bw of lyophilized extract. TG, TC, HDL, ALKP, AST, ALT and CRTN were estimated. LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels were calculated from the above measurements by using Friedwald formula. A significant decrease in TG (P<0.01), TC (P<0.01), HDL (P<0.001) VLDL (P<0.001) and LDL (P<0.01), ALKP (P<0.01), AST (P<0.05), ALT (P<0.05) and CRTN (P<0.001) levels were observed after 21 days treatment of aquous extract of raw fruit peel compared to pre tr...

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2009

Wistar rats of 6-8 weeks in age weighing between 120-150 g were exposed to the fixed doses of eac... more Wistar rats of 6-8 weeks in age weighing between 120-150 g were exposed to the fixed doses of each of the carbamate pesticides such as cartap (50% LD 50) and carbofuran (50% LD 50) as well as a combination of these two with 25% LD 50 of each for one week. The effect of treatments was studied in terms of serum lipid parameters such as high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein. Treatment with individual doses of carbofuran (50% LD 50) and cartap (50 % LD 50) caused significant alterations in the levels of serum lipid parameters. The pesticides treatment resulted in marked decrease in the level of serum high-density lipoprotein where as that of other lipids got significantly elevated. Further, the rats exhibited relatively higher impact of pesticides when treated with the compounds in combination (25 % LD 50 of each). The results indicated that these compounds when used together may exert enhanced effect on the levels of serum lipids in rat.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2007

The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) ... more The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal & diabetic rats. The dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight produces a significant rise of 28.3% in blood glucose level after 6h of oral administration in normal rats. Whereas, in sub diabetic rats the same dose produces a rise of 16.4% in blood glucose levels within 1h during glucose tolerance test (GTT) and a rise of 16% after 4 h in fasting blood glucose levels of severe diabetic cases. These results were unexpected and important to report as other species of Musa like Musa sapientum has been reported for its hypoglycemic effect.

Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2009

The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon against h... more The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon against hepatic complications in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic models. Effect of the pre identified most effective dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was studied on hepatic injury caused by chemically induced diabetes by 55 mg/kg body weight i.p. injection of STZ in male Wistar rats. The dose of 500mg/kg body weight given once daily for 14 days reduced the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urine sugar significantly (P<0.05) with increase in total protein, haemoglobin and body weight was increased. High LD(50) validates its high margin of safety.

Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2008

In rats with streptozotocin induced severe diabetes mellitus, aqueous extract of Trichosanthes di... more In rats with streptozotocin induced severe diabetes mellitus, aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits at a dose of 1000mg/kg body weight daily once for 28 days reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, asparate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urine sugar and urine protein where as total protein and body weight was increased. No toxic effect was observed during LD 50. Our study suggests that further detailed toxicity studies and mechanism of action of T. dioica would be useful for undertaking human trials.