Prashant Singh Rajput - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Prashant Singh Rajput

Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation, 2022

Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 2021

This study reports on the high-resolution data set of ground-level O3, surface-bound polycyclic a... more This study reports on the high-resolution data set of ground-level O3, surface-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (SB-PAHs), and particle's number concentrations (range: 10 to 1,000 nm, referred to as condensation nucleus concentration: CNC) during a Diwali festival campaign (conducted from 08th to 16th Nov.2015) at Kanpur location. In this study, we have made an attempt to assess the change in atmospheric composition and chemistry (based on SB-PAHs, O3, and CNC) during Diwali festival (11th Nov.) and compared the results with pre-Diwali (08th−10th Nov.) and post-Diwali (12th−16th Nov.) scenarios. The wind pattern and cluster analysis have revealed a quite similar feature that from 10th to 16th of November the prevailed winds were north-westerly (NW). It is noteworthy that NW-winds during post-monsoon season (Oct–Nov) favors the long-range transport of biomass burning emissions (LRT-BB) from its source region in upwind Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The influence of LRT-BB emiss...

Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2020

Due to the complex nature of ambient aerosols arising from the presence of myriads of organic com... more Due to the complex nature of ambient aerosols arising from the presence of myriads of organic compounds, the chemical reactivity of a particular compound with oxidant/s are studied through chamber experiments under controlled laboratory conditions. Several confounders (RH, T, light intensity, in chamber retention time) are controlled in chamber experiments to study their effect on the chemical transformation of a reactant (exposure variable) and the outcome [kinetic rate constant determination, new product/s formation e.g., secondary organic aerosol (SOA), product/s yield, etc.]. However, under ambient atmospheric conditions, it is not possible to control for these confounders which poses a challenge in assessing the outcome/s accurately. The approach of data interpretation must include randomization for an accurate prediction of the real-world scenario. One of the ways to achieve randomization is possible by the instrumental variable analysis (IVA). In this study, the IVA analysis ...

International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing, 2017

Twitter is amongst the most widely used social networking website and it is also a reliable sourc... more Twitter is amongst the most widely used social networking website and it is also a reliable source of mass opinion. Success of a movie can be predicted by analyzing tweets and examining the impact of movie on the mob. Pre-release buzz can also be captured through tweets. This knowledge helps in predicting the success of a movie and its approximate revenue. In this paper, Dual Sentiment Analysis (DSA) is used for sentiment analysis of tweets that avoids sentiment classification problems and improves performance. Along with sentiment analysis of tweets, contribution of other factors such as star cast, holiday effect, sequel and genre are also considered. Finally, multivariate linear regression is performed on all above-mentioned factors to predict the Box Office revenue of a movie. The results show that this proposed system performs better while providing better accuracy.

The Science of the total environment, Jan 18, 2017

This study assesses daytime and nighttime atmospheric abundance and molecular distribution of dic... more This study assesses daytime and nighttime atmospheric abundance and molecular distribution of dicarboxylic acids (DCA: C-C) and biomass burning tracers (levoglucosan and biomass burning derived potassium: K) in PM(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter≤10μm) from an urban location, Kanpur (in central Indo-Gangetic Plain: IGP) during wintertime (December 2015-February 2016). In this study, PMvaried from 130 to 242 and 175-388μgmduring daytime and nighttime, respectively. The average ratios of OC/EC (day: 12.3; night: 9.3) and WSOC/OC (day: 0.74; night: 0.48) were relatively high during daytime (OC: organic carbon; EC: elemental carbon; WSOC: water-soluble organic carbon). Strong linear correlations (R≥0.6; p<0.05) of OC with levoglucosan and Ksuggest biomass burning emission as predominant source of organic aerosols over the IGP. The measured concentrations of total DCA (ΣC-C) showed pronounced diurnal variability with a higher concentration during nighttime (2510±1025ngm) a...

The Science of the total environment, Jan 19, 2017

Filter samples collected during winter of 2015-16 from two polluted urban locations (Allahabad an... more Filter samples collected during winter of 2015-16 from two polluted urban locations (Allahabad and Kanpur) residing within Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP) showed high levels of water-soluble organic aerosols (WSOA). Total organic aerosols (OA) in submicron fraction, measured at Kanpur in real time via Aerosol Mass Spectrometer also showed substantially high concentration levels. WSOA to OA contribution in Kanpur was found to be very high (around 55%) indicating significant contributions from secondary OA (SOA). On average, WSOA oxidation ratio (O/C) was found to be higher (15-20%) in Kanpur than at Allahabad. WSOA from Allahabad was found to be following a much shallower slope (-0.38) in Van Krevelen diagram (H/C vs O/C plot) than Kanpur (-0.58). These differences suggest different composition and chemistry of WSOA at these two different locations. O/C ratios of WSOA were found to be much higher (~40%) than that of OA and independent of WSOA loading. Higher OA loadings were found to be as...

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), Jan 9, 2017

Previous studies worldwide have suggested the potential role of bioaerosols as ice-nuclei and clo... more Previous studies worldwide have suggested the potential role of bioaerosols as ice-nuclei and cloud-condensation nuclei. Furthermore, their participation in regulating the global carbon cycle urges systematic studies from different environmental conditions throughout the globe. Towards this through one-year study, conducted from June 2015-May 2016, we report on atmospheric abundance and variability of viable bioaerosols, organic carbon (OC) and particles number and deduced mass concentrations from Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP; at Kanpur). Among viable bioaerosols, the highest concentrations of Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and Fungi were recorded during December-January (Avg.: 189 CFU/m(3)), November (244 CFU/m(3)) and September months (188 CFU/m(3)), respectively. Annual average concentration of GPB, GNB and Fungi were 105 ± 58, 144 ± 82 and 116 ± 51 CFU/m(3). Particle number concentration (PNC) associated with fine-fraction aerosols (FFA) predominates thro...

The current trend of increasing quality and demands of the final product is affected by time anal... more The current trend of increasing quality and demands of the final product is affected by time analysis of the entire manufacturing process. The primary requirement of manufacturing is to produce as many products as soon as possible, at the lowest possible cost, but of course with the highest quality. Such requirements may be satisfied only if all the elements entering and affecting the production cycle are in a fully functional condition. These elements consist of sensory equipment and intelligent control elements that are essential for building intelligent manufacturing systems. Intelligent manufacturing system itself should be a system that can flexibly respond to changes in entering and exiting the process in interaction with the surroundings. In this paper a concept of designing and building intelligent decision support systems in production management is introduced. The new approach to the design of intelligent management systems is proposed based on integration of artificial intelligence technologies (fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks ,expert systems and genetic algorithms) with exact methods and models of decisions search and simulation techniques. The proposed approach allows for creating intelligent decision support systems of complex, unstructured management problems in fuzzy conditions. The systems learn based on accumulated data and adapt to changes in operation conditions.

In this paper we present a hypothesis for image retrieval system by image contents that take an i... more In this paper we present a hypothesis for image retrieval system by image contents that take an image as the input query and retrieves images based on image features i.e. Color, Shape, and Texture. Image Retrieval is an approach for retrieving semantically-relevant images from an image database based on automatically-derived image features. The unique aspect of the system is the utilization of function which gives single value for all the feature matrices of an image. The proposed procedure consists of two stages. First, here we are going to extract the image features and storing into the image server and then the user retrieval of that image..

Indian Journal of Transplantation, 2014

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2010

Mycophenolate (MMF) has arisen as an important addition in the immunosuppression armamentarium. G... more Mycophenolate (MMF) has arisen as an important addition in the immunosuppression armamentarium. GI disturbances (diarrhea) and bone marrow suppression are its main side effects requiring dose reduction or even withdrawal. The mechanism of diarrhoea is unknown, although some theories have been postulated. We evaluated three of our patients on MMF who came to us with chronic diarhoea. Their evaluation consisted of CBC, stool routine examination, stool culture, endoscopy and biopsy. Histopathologic examination in all three cases showed villous atrophy. All of them improved with discontinuation of MMF and addition of folic acid suggesting that diarrhoea was related to MMF. Since this complication is seen in only a few cases, we can hypothesize that it may be due to lower levels of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH)--the site of action of MMF.

The Breast Journal, 2012

To the Editor: Mastalgia is a common and enigmatic condition. It may be severe enough to interfer... more To the Editor: Mastalgia is a common and enigmatic condition. It may be severe enough to interfere with usual daily activities, and its effect on quality of life is often underestimated (1). Pain can be severe enough to interfere with usual daily activities, but the etiology and optimal treatment remain undefined. Approximately 60–70% of women experience some type of breast pain at some stage of their lives, and in 10–20% of cases, it is severe (2). The two most common concerns of patients presenting with mastalgia are the fear that breast pain is a symptom of breast cancer and the presence of severe pain that affects a woman’s quality of life. Different drugs have been used with varied response. The most commonly prescribed nonsteroidal drug is evening primrose oil. Other drugs used at present are danazol, bromocriptine, tamoxifen, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogs. Most of them are steroid-based drugs with significant side effects. Dhar and Srivastava (3) reported 100% regression in mastalgia, nodularity, and tenderness by centchroman. Centchroman is a novel nonsteroidal, selective anti-estrogen oral contraceptive, synthesized by the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India. It was included in the National Family Welfare Program in 1995. In lactating women, it is excreted in milk in quantities considered unlikely to have any deleterious effect on suckling babies. It is free from side effects like nausea, vomiting, weight gain, and dizziness that are commonly associated with steroidal oral contraceptives. It does not delay return of fertility and maintains normal ovulatory cycles because the dose is low and the low frequency of administration (two to three times a week) minimizes any effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. For better and cheaper treatment of mastalgia we have compared centchroman with evening primrose oil and the study has given encouraging results. In our trial, 135 patients were randomized into two study groups: group 1 (67 patients) received centchroman 30 mg on alternate days and on left over days a placebo was given to eliminate bias; group 2 (68 patients) received evening primrose oil 3 g ⁄ day. On follow-up after 6 months, 44 patients (86%) showed complete response in group 1 as compared to only 12 patients (23%) in group 2. This difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05) (Fig. 1). In group 1, patients who showed partial response felt that their pain had lessened to the point that they could do their work without disturbance. The centchroman arm had shown statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in treating cyclical as well as noncyclical mastalgia. Moreover, the centchroman arm had also shown a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in treating severe mastalgia, which is a major limitation of evening primrose oil arm. Nodularity significantly disappeared in group 1 than in group 2 (p < 0.05). There were no recurrences till the end of the study. Only one side effect was noted in the centchroman arm, which was a delay in menstruation of 7–10 days but with good counseling there was no decrease in compliance and continuation rates. In our study, treatment with centchroman proved to be significantly superior to evening primrose oil in providing relief from mastalgia and nodularity with

Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 2009

Lymphangiomas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system composed of dilated endothelia... more Lymphangiomas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system composed of dilated endothelial lined spaces of varying sizes containing lymph. Hepatic lymphangioma is a rare finding, exclusively present in children and adolescents. Most reported cases occur as part of diffuse lymphangiomatosis. Solitary lymphangioma of the liver in infants is extremely rare. This report describes a case of unilocular, solitary hepatic lymphangioma in a 22-day-old infant.

ARCTIC, 1980

Quantitative analysis of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Fairbanks, Alaska ... more Quantitative analysis of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Fairbanks, Alaska revealed significant levels of representative components. A fairly constant PAH pattern was observed throughout the winter of 1976-77, and the absolute PAH level correlated with air stagnation. Consideration of relative levels of individual PAH components reveals vehicular emissions as the major source but also provides evidence for contributions from power plant emissions. Fairbanks' PAH levels approach those of major cities in more moderate climates, and this situation emphasizes the importance of air quality problems in development of the Arctic. RÉSUMÉ. A Fairbanks en Alaska, suivant des analyses quantitatives d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycliques dans I'atmosphere, des teneurs significatives de composts representatifs, etaient atteintes preques constamment pendant l'hiver 1976-1977. Le teneur PAH absolue correspondait B une air stagnant. L'examen des teneurs relatives de cornposes PAH, pris individuellement, indique que les emissions par tchappement des voitures sont la source principale mais qu'aussi certainement il y a eu une part d'ernission, provenant de lacentrale electrique. Les teneurs en PAH B Fairbanks approchent celles des grandes cites sous des climats plus temperts; cette constatation attire l'attention sur l'importance des problemes de qualite de l'air, lies il la mise en exploitation de l'Arctique. Traduit par Alain de Vendegies Aquitaine Co. of Canada.

Aerosol Science and Engineering, 2017

Recent ground-based measurements reveal that model-based observations are underestimating absorpt... more Recent ground-based measurements reveal that model-based observations are underestimating absorption properties and direct radiative forcing (DRF) due to carbonaceous species by a factor of 2-3 over South and East Asia. Thus, to better constraint these parameters associated with carbonaceous species, seasonal variability records through ground-based measurements are very essential. In this context, we report herein the absorption properties of water-extractable brown carbon (BrC), elemental carbon (EC), and BrC ? EC and DRF of BrC and BrC ? EC (relative to EC) over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during a weak monsoon season [July-September 2015; influenced by El Niño and PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation)]. PM 2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter B 2.5 lm) samples (n = 31) have been assessed from central IGP location at Kanpur. Absorption coefficient at 365 nm (b abs-365) of BrC, EC, and BrC ? EC centers at 3.6, 8.1, and 11.4 Mm-1 , respectively. Strong linear regression correlation (R = 0.8) of b abs-365 of BrC with sea-salt and mineral dust corrected potassium (K þ BB) indicates biomass burning as the predominant source of BrC over the region in this study. Synergistic effect in b abs of BrC ? EC (relative to that of EC) increases conspicuously (enhanced by a factor varying from 1.05 to 1.21) with an increase in wavelength from UV (365 nm) to visible region (660 nm). DRF (relative to EC) of BrC during monsoon season ranges from 3.9 to 23.8 (13.0 ± 5.0) %, whereas total DRF (BrC ? EC) ranges from 111.0 to 148.2 (126.6 ± 10.0) %. Individual contribution of BrC and EC to total DRF has been estimated as 10 and 79.5%, respectively. The remaining contribution (10.5%) to total DRF has been attributed to synergism in absorption properties (i.e., b abs) of BrC ? EC. Keywords Absorption properties Á Direct radiative forcing Á Brown carbon Á Elemental carbon Á Indian summer monsoon Á IGP Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (