Prerna Chauhan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Prerna Chauhan

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction Schizophrenia is a complex disorder owing to diversity in clinical phenotyp... more ABSTRACT Introduction Schizophrenia is a complex disorder owing to diversity in clinical phenotypes, overlapping symptoms, and heterogeneous clinical presentation. Even after decades of research, the exact causative mechanisms of schizophrenia are not completely known. Recent evidence indicates the role of immune dysfunction in schizophrenia pathogenesis as observed from alteration in immune cells, increased activity of complement cascade, and development of autoantibodies against neurotransmitter receptors. Immunotherapy involving immunosuppressants and cytokine-targeting drugs, have shown promising results in several clinical studies and it demands further research in this area. Areas covered Here, the authors review the immunopathogenesis of schizophrenia, limitations of conventional, and atypical antipsychotic drugs and the potential role and limitations of immunotherapeutic drugs in schizophrenia management. Expert opinion Schizophrenia is a complex disorder and poses a challenge to the currently available treatment approaches. Nearly 30% schizophrenia patients exhibit minimal response toward conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Immune system dysfunction plays an important part of schizophrenia pathophysiology and existing monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs targeting specific components of the immune system are being repositioned in schizophrenia. The authors call upon public and private funders to facilitate urgent and rigorous research efforts in exploring potential role of immunotherapy in schizophrenia.

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021

Introduction: The global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a critical challe... more Introduction: The global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a critical challenge to the research community as well as to the healthcare systems. Severe COVID-19 patients are at a higher risk of developing serious complications and mortality. There is a dire need for safe and effective pharmacotherapy for addressing unmet needs of these patients. Concomitant use of dexamethasone and tetracyclines, by virtue of their immunomodulatory and other relevant pharmacological properties, offers a potential strategy for synergy aimed at improving clinical outcomes. Areas covered: Here we review the potential benefits of combining dexamethasone and tetracyclines (minocycline or doxycycline) for the management of severe COVID-19 patients. We have critically examined the evidence obtained from in silico, experimental, and clinical research. We have also discussed the plausible mechanisms, advantages, and drawbacks of this proposed combination therapy for managing severe COVID-19. Expert opinion: The concomitant use of dexamethasone and one of the tetracyclines among severe COVID-19 patients offers several advantages in terms of additive immunomodulatory effects, costeffectiveness, wide-availability, and well-known pharmacological properties including adverse-effect profile and contraindications. There is an urgent need to facilitate pilot studies followed by welldesigned and adequately-powered multicentric clinical trials to generate conclusive evidence related to utility of this approach.

European Journal of Pharmacology, 2021

Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on ... more Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating inflammatory disorder with varia... more Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating inflammatory disorder with variable clinical and pathologic characteristics reflecting multiple underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Repositioning of existing drugs for the new indications offers several advantages including significant reduction in the cost and time of drug development and exemption from early phase clinical trials.

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respirator... more Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly grown into a public health emergency that has placed the national health systems as well as scientific research communities under enormous pressures. Drug repurposing or repositioning is a well-known strategy that seeks to deploy existing licensed drugs for newer indications and provides the quickest possible transition from bench to clinics for unmet therapeutic needs. Given the current, urgent, and dire need for effective therapies against novel coronavirus-19, this approach is particularly appealing. Areas covered: Here, we review the significant anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties of minocycline as potential mechanisms for efficacy against the novel coronavirus and highlight the promises and pitfalls of this approach. Expert opinion: As compared to other agents being investigated for COVID-19, minocycline offers distinct advantages in terms of potential efficacy in patients with life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and myocardial injury, well-known safety and interaction profile, relatively low costs, and widespread availability. We call upon public and private funders to facilitate urgent and rigorous research efforts before evidence-based recommendations for its widespread use can be made.

African journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

This study was done to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of extracts of Caesalpinia crista ... more This study was done to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of extracts of Caesalpinia crista against carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol induced liver toxicity in albino rats. Seeds of C. crista were subjected to ethanolic and aqueous extraction. Albino rats were exposed to carbon tetrachloride (3 ml/kg rat b.w) and paracetamol (3 g/kg rat b.w) in two different protocols. Seven groups (n = 6) of animals were used in each protocol. Olive oil was used as vehicle. Rats treated with extracts of Caesalpinia crista exhibited a significant reduction in CCl 4 and paracetamol induced increase in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and also caused a significant increase in serum level of total proteins which was decreased by hepato-toxic compounds used. The protective effect of these extracts was comparable with Silymarin. Ethanolic extract of C. crista was able to normalize the biochemical levels and h...

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction Schizophrenia is a complex disorder owing to diversity in clinical phenotyp... more ABSTRACT Introduction Schizophrenia is a complex disorder owing to diversity in clinical phenotypes, overlapping symptoms, and heterogeneous clinical presentation. Even after decades of research, the exact causative mechanisms of schizophrenia are not completely known. Recent evidence indicates the role of immune dysfunction in schizophrenia pathogenesis as observed from alteration in immune cells, increased activity of complement cascade, and development of autoantibodies against neurotransmitter receptors. Immunotherapy involving immunosuppressants and cytokine-targeting drugs, have shown promising results in several clinical studies and it demands further research in this area. Areas covered Here, the authors review the immunopathogenesis of schizophrenia, limitations of conventional, and atypical antipsychotic drugs and the potential role and limitations of immunotherapeutic drugs in schizophrenia management. Expert opinion Schizophrenia is a complex disorder and poses a challenge to the currently available treatment approaches. Nearly 30% schizophrenia patients exhibit minimal response toward conventional and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Immune system dysfunction plays an important part of schizophrenia pathophysiology and existing monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs targeting specific components of the immune system are being repositioned in schizophrenia. The authors call upon public and private funders to facilitate urgent and rigorous research efforts in exploring potential role of immunotherapy in schizophrenia.

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021

Introduction: The global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a critical challe... more Introduction: The global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a critical challenge to the research community as well as to the healthcare systems. Severe COVID-19 patients are at a higher risk of developing serious complications and mortality. There is a dire need for safe and effective pharmacotherapy for addressing unmet needs of these patients. Concomitant use of dexamethasone and tetracyclines, by virtue of their immunomodulatory and other relevant pharmacological properties, offers a potential strategy for synergy aimed at improving clinical outcomes. Areas covered: Here we review the potential benefits of combining dexamethasone and tetracyclines (minocycline or doxycycline) for the management of severe COVID-19 patients. We have critically examined the evidence obtained from in silico, experimental, and clinical research. We have also discussed the plausible mechanisms, advantages, and drawbacks of this proposed combination therapy for managing severe COVID-19. Expert opinion: The concomitant use of dexamethasone and one of the tetracyclines among severe COVID-19 patients offers several advantages in terms of additive immunomodulatory effects, costeffectiveness, wide-availability, and well-known pharmacological properties including adverse-effect profile and contraindications. There is an urgent need to facilitate pilot studies followed by welldesigned and adequately-powered multicentric clinical trials to generate conclusive evidence related to utility of this approach.

European Journal of Pharmacology, 2021

Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on ... more Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre-including this research content-immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2020

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating inflammatory disorder with varia... more Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating inflammatory disorder with variable clinical and pathologic characteristics reflecting multiple underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Repositioning of existing drugs for the new indications offers several advantages including significant reduction in the cost and time of drug development and exemption from early phase clinical trials.

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respirator... more Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly grown into a public health emergency that has placed the national health systems as well as scientific research communities under enormous pressures. Drug repurposing or repositioning is a well-known strategy that seeks to deploy existing licensed drugs for newer indications and provides the quickest possible transition from bench to clinics for unmet therapeutic needs. Given the current, urgent, and dire need for effective therapies against novel coronavirus-19, this approach is particularly appealing. Areas covered: Here, we review the significant anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties of minocycline as potential mechanisms for efficacy against the novel coronavirus and highlight the promises and pitfalls of this approach. Expert opinion: As compared to other agents being investigated for COVID-19, minocycline offers distinct advantages in terms of potential efficacy in patients with life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and myocardial injury, well-known safety and interaction profile, relatively low costs, and widespread availability. We call upon public and private funders to facilitate urgent and rigorous research efforts before evidence-based recommendations for its widespread use can be made.

African journal of pharmacy and pharmacology

This study was done to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of extracts of Caesalpinia crista ... more This study was done to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of extracts of Caesalpinia crista against carbon tetrachloride and paracetamol induced liver toxicity in albino rats. Seeds of C. crista were subjected to ethanolic and aqueous extraction. Albino rats were exposed to carbon tetrachloride (3 ml/kg rat b.w) and paracetamol (3 g/kg rat b.w) in two different protocols. Seven groups (n = 6) of animals were used in each protocol. Olive oil was used as vehicle. Rats treated with extracts of Caesalpinia crista exhibited a significant reduction in CCl 4 and paracetamol induced increase in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin and also caused a significant increase in serum level of total proteins which was decreased by hepato-toxic compounds used. The protective effect of these extracts was comparable with Silymarin. Ethanolic extract of C. crista was able to normalize the biochemical levels and h...