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Papers by Probir Kumar Bose
The present work attempts to investigate the<br> combustion, performance and emission chara... more The present work attempts to investigate the<br> combustion, performance and emission characteristics of an existing<br> single-cylinder four-stroke compression-ignition engine operated in<br> dual-fuel mode with hydrogen as an alternative fuel. Environmental<br> concerns and limited amount of petroleum fuels have caused interests<br> in the development of alternative fuels like hydrogen for internal<br> combustion (IC) engines. In this experimental investigation, a diesel<br> engine is made to run using hydrogen in dual fuel mode with diesel,<br> where hydrogen is introduced into the intake manifold using an LPGCNG<br> injector and pilot diesel is injected using diesel injectors. A<br> Timed Manifold Injection (TMI) system has been developed to vary<br> the injection strategies. The optimized timing for the injection of<br> hydrogen was 10^0 CA after top dead center (ATDC). From the study<br> it was obser...
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2021
The present study highlights the inherent capabilities of ethanol-derris indica methyl ester (E-D... more The present study highlights the inherent capabilities of ethanol-derris indica methyl ester (E-Dime) blends on performance and exhaust emission profiles of an existing compression ignition (CI) engine. Ethanol incorporation to Dime significantly reduces cumulated oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbon (NOHC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions of the CI engine along with improvement in brake thermal efficiency (Bth) and brake specific energy consumption. To this end, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA)-II is introduced to reveal Pareto solutions of the CI engine under the forthcoming Environmental Protection Agency Tier 4 exhaust emission mandates. Moreover, a multi-attribute decision-making-based technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is also introduced to pick out the optimal operating conditions of E-Dime blends. The MOGA-II-assisted TOPSIS-based trade-off investigation uncovers the optimal decision variables of 4.2 bar BMEP, 79.82% (by volume) biodiesel share and 20.18% (by volume) ethanol share with corresponding objective variables of 29.85% Bth, 0.645 g kW−1 h−1 NOHC, 0.523 g kW−1 h−1 carbon monoxide (CO) and 0.254 g kW−1 h−1 PM. The validation of the optimized results against the experimental one indicates a very lower deviation along with praiseworthy composite desirability of 0.972.
International journal of ambient energy, 2021
Computational fluid dynamics investigation has been conducted in a direct injection diesel engine... more Computational fluid dynamics investigation has been conducted in a direct injection diesel engine to explore the performance of rapeseed methyl ester biodiesel blends with diesel operating with dif...
The present study is aimed at optimizing the effect of ethanol-diesel blends on the performance a... more The present study is aimed at optimizing the effect of ethanol-diesel blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder (indirect injection) four-stroke diesel engine at different loads. Hexane was used as a co-solvent for higher ethanol concentration while Diethyl ether (DEE) was added as an ignition improver. D-optimal was chosen as the Design of experiment methodology. Quadratic polynomial models were constructed for the desired emission-performance parameters based on experimental data through the Response Surface Methodology NOx, CO and HC were chosen as the emission output parameters while BSFC. Load and ethanol-hexane-DEE concentration in the diesel blend were chosen as the input parameters. Multi-objective optimization involving the objective of minimizing both the emission and BSFC simultaneously yielded an optimal input condition of 5% hexane and 15% DEE in blend with 40% ethanol and diesel at 95% full load operation with 15.3% absolute error in N...
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015
Petroleum crude is expected to remain main source of transport fuels at least for the next 20 to ... more Petroleum crude is expected to remain main source of transport fuels at least for the next 20 to 30 years. The petroleum crude reserves however, are declining and consumption of transport fuels particularly in the developing countries is increasing at high rates. Severe shortage of liquid fuels derived from petroleum may be faced in the second half of this century. In this paper, experiments are performed in a fur stroke, single cylinder, compression ignition diesel engine with dual fuel mode. Diesel and hydrogen are used as pilot liquid and primary gaseous fuel, respectively. The objective of this study is to find out the effects on combustion and performance parameters observed at diesel hydrogen fuel mixture for all the different loadings (2kg,4kg,6kg,8kg,10kg and 12kg) in the engine.
With contemporary emission legislations getting more stringent [1,2,3] in order to comply with th... more With contemporary emission legislations getting more stringent [1,2,3] in order to comply with the responsibilities of environmental obligations, engine manufacturers are turning to explore new avenues to meet the paradox of curtailing particulate matter and NOx emissions on the one hand [4,5,6,7] and meeting consumer expectations of reduced BSFC, greater power density and thermal efficiency on the other. In recent years, a variety of technologies have evolved to meet such paradoxical objectives such as common rail fuel injection, electronic engine management, variable turbocharger geometry, variable valve timing, injection timing and combustion chamber geometry optimization. The adoption of such techniques has increased manifold, the number of parameters to be addressed simultaneously for effective engine control strategies.
The present energy situation and the concerns about global warming has stimulated active research... more The present energy situation and the concerns about global warming has stimulated active research interest in non-petroleum, carbon free compounds and non-polluting fuels, particularly for transportation, power generation, and agricultural sectors. Environmental concerns and limited amount of petroleum fuels have caused interests in the development of alternative fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines. The petroleum crude reserves however, are declining and consumption of transport fuels particularly in the developing countries is increasing at high rates. Severe shortage of liquid fuels derived from petroleum may be faced in the second half of this century. Recently more and more stringent environmental regulations being enacted in the USA and Europe have led to the research and development activities on clean alternative fuels. Among the gaseous fuels hydrogen is considered to be one of the clean alternative fuel. Hydrogen is an interesting candidate for future internal combus...
Energy and Sustainability II
The objective of the present experimental work is the production of biodiesel and to examine the ... more The objective of the present experimental work is the production of biodiesel and to examine the effects of different blends of biodiesel with diesel on the exhaust emission and performance characteristics of an existing agricultural diesel engine and to select a suitable blend of biodiesel with diesel. The suitability of a blend of biodiesel with diesel is related with the reduction in exhaust emissions and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), together with an increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Experimental work started with the production of biodiesel obtained from Jatropha curcas in our own mini biodiesel plant. Biodiesel is blended with diesel at different ratios to obtain different blends, such as B10 (10% biodiesel + 90% diesel by volume), B20, B30, B40, B50, B60, B70, B80, B90 and B100. Experimental results show that BSFC at all loads is less for blends B10 to B50 compared to that of diesel. BTE at all loads is higher for blends up to B60 compared to diesel and after B60 it is more or less the same as diesel. Engine emissions of CO, HC, and also NOx to some extent, are less for all blends from B10 to B100. Among the blends, B10 has lowest BSFC, lowest emission and highest BTE. Higher biodiesel blends can also be used with suitable modifications to arrest some NOx. The present investigation is thus directed to the ongoing research towards the search for viable alternative fuels for energy security, environmental problem mitigation and sustainable development.
Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2015
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015
The present study attempts to provide an illustrative overview of hydrogen dual fuel applications... more The present study attempts to provide an illustrative overview of hydrogen dual fuel applications in existing diesel engine configurations to distinctly outline the tactical and strategic pertinence of hydrogen in meeting the impeding challenges of the diesel engines of the day. To this end, a comprehensive review of the challenges and opportunities of contemporary diesel engine operation and the unique relevance and beneficence of hydrogen in diesel operational paradigms have been established through unique Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat analyses. The survey also outlines the exceptional tolerance of hydrogen combustion towards higher exhaust gas recirculation rates than that deemed feasible in diesel engine paradigms of the day to meet its emission obligations. The present review establishes through various case studies, the possibility of continuing with exhaust gas recirculation as a cost-effective and simple pathway of NOx containment strategy in conventional diesel combustion domains in lieu of the costly and yet to mature exhaust after treatment systems. The study in its entirety attempts to establish the synergistic potential of hydrogen-exhaust gas recirculation technique as a viable, ready-to-be-adapted in-situ strategy that can be exploited in existing diesel powertrains to meet its present and impending PM–NOx–BSFC trade-off challenges.
International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2010
The present work attempts to investigate the<br> combustion, performance and emission chara... more The present work attempts to investigate the<br> combustion, performance and emission characteristics of an existing<br> single-cylinder four-stroke compression-ignition engine operated in<br> dual-fuel mode with hydrogen as an alternative fuel. Environmental<br> concerns and limited amount of petroleum fuels have caused interests<br> in the development of alternative fuels like hydrogen for internal<br> combustion (IC) engines. In this experimental investigation, a diesel<br> engine is made to run using hydrogen in dual fuel mode with diesel,<br> where hydrogen is introduced into the intake manifold using an LPGCNG<br> injector and pilot diesel is injected using diesel injectors. A<br> Timed Manifold Injection (TMI) system has been developed to vary<br> the injection strategies. The optimized timing for the injection of<br> hydrogen was 10^0 CA after top dead center (ATDC). From the study<br> it was obser...
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2021
The present study highlights the inherent capabilities of ethanol-derris indica methyl ester (E-D... more The present study highlights the inherent capabilities of ethanol-derris indica methyl ester (E-Dime) blends on performance and exhaust emission profiles of an existing compression ignition (CI) engine. Ethanol incorporation to Dime significantly reduces cumulated oxides of nitrogen and unburned hydrocarbon (NOHC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions of the CI engine along with improvement in brake thermal efficiency (Bth) and brake specific energy consumption. To this end, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA)-II is introduced to reveal Pareto solutions of the CI engine under the forthcoming Environmental Protection Agency Tier 4 exhaust emission mandates. Moreover, a multi-attribute decision-making-based technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is also introduced to pick out the optimal operating conditions of E-Dime blends. The MOGA-II-assisted TOPSIS-based trade-off investigation uncovers the optimal decision variables of 4.2 bar BMEP, 79.82% (by volume) biodiesel share and 20.18% (by volume) ethanol share with corresponding objective variables of 29.85% Bth, 0.645 g kW−1 h−1 NOHC, 0.523 g kW−1 h−1 carbon monoxide (CO) and 0.254 g kW−1 h−1 PM. The validation of the optimized results against the experimental one indicates a very lower deviation along with praiseworthy composite desirability of 0.972.
International journal of ambient energy, 2021
Computational fluid dynamics investigation has been conducted in a direct injection diesel engine... more Computational fluid dynamics investigation has been conducted in a direct injection diesel engine to explore the performance of rapeseed methyl ester biodiesel blends with diesel operating with dif...
The present study is aimed at optimizing the effect of ethanol-diesel blends on the performance a... more The present study is aimed at optimizing the effect of ethanol-diesel blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder (indirect injection) four-stroke diesel engine at different loads. Hexane was used as a co-solvent for higher ethanol concentration while Diethyl ether (DEE) was added as an ignition improver. D-optimal was chosen as the Design of experiment methodology. Quadratic polynomial models were constructed for the desired emission-performance parameters based on experimental data through the Response Surface Methodology NOx, CO and HC were chosen as the emission output parameters while BSFC. Load and ethanol-hexane-DEE concentration in the diesel blend were chosen as the input parameters. Multi-objective optimization involving the objective of minimizing both the emission and BSFC simultaneously yielded an optimal input condition of 5% hexane and 15% DEE in blend with 40% ethanol and diesel at 95% full load operation with 15.3% absolute error in N...
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015
Petroleum crude is expected to remain main source of transport fuels at least for the next 20 to ... more Petroleum crude is expected to remain main source of transport fuels at least for the next 20 to 30 years. The petroleum crude reserves however, are declining and consumption of transport fuels particularly in the developing countries is increasing at high rates. Severe shortage of liquid fuels derived from petroleum may be faced in the second half of this century. In this paper, experiments are performed in a fur stroke, single cylinder, compression ignition diesel engine with dual fuel mode. Diesel and hydrogen are used as pilot liquid and primary gaseous fuel, respectively. The objective of this study is to find out the effects on combustion and performance parameters observed at diesel hydrogen fuel mixture for all the different loadings (2kg,4kg,6kg,8kg,10kg and 12kg) in the engine.
With contemporary emission legislations getting more stringent [1,2,3] in order to comply with th... more With contemporary emission legislations getting more stringent [1,2,3] in order to comply with the responsibilities of environmental obligations, engine manufacturers are turning to explore new avenues to meet the paradox of curtailing particulate matter and NOx emissions on the one hand [4,5,6,7] and meeting consumer expectations of reduced BSFC, greater power density and thermal efficiency on the other. In recent years, a variety of technologies have evolved to meet such paradoxical objectives such as common rail fuel injection, electronic engine management, variable turbocharger geometry, variable valve timing, injection timing and combustion chamber geometry optimization. The adoption of such techniques has increased manifold, the number of parameters to be addressed simultaneously for effective engine control strategies.
The present energy situation and the concerns about global warming has stimulated active research... more The present energy situation and the concerns about global warming has stimulated active research interest in non-petroleum, carbon free compounds and non-polluting fuels, particularly for transportation, power generation, and agricultural sectors. Environmental concerns and limited amount of petroleum fuels have caused interests in the development of alternative fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines. The petroleum crude reserves however, are declining and consumption of transport fuels particularly in the developing countries is increasing at high rates. Severe shortage of liquid fuels derived from petroleum may be faced in the second half of this century. Recently more and more stringent environmental regulations being enacted in the USA and Europe have led to the research and development activities on clean alternative fuels. Among the gaseous fuels hydrogen is considered to be one of the clean alternative fuel. Hydrogen is an interesting candidate for future internal combus...
Energy and Sustainability II
The objective of the present experimental work is the production of biodiesel and to examine the ... more The objective of the present experimental work is the production of biodiesel and to examine the effects of different blends of biodiesel with diesel on the exhaust emission and performance characteristics of an existing agricultural diesel engine and to select a suitable blend of biodiesel with diesel. The suitability of a blend of biodiesel with diesel is related with the reduction in exhaust emissions and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), together with an increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Experimental work started with the production of biodiesel obtained from Jatropha curcas in our own mini biodiesel plant. Biodiesel is blended with diesel at different ratios to obtain different blends, such as B10 (10% biodiesel + 90% diesel by volume), B20, B30, B40, B50, B60, B70, B80, B90 and B100. Experimental results show that BSFC at all loads is less for blends B10 to B50 compared to that of diesel. BTE at all loads is higher for blends up to B60 compared to diesel and after B60 it is more or less the same as diesel. Engine emissions of CO, HC, and also NOx to some extent, are less for all blends from B10 to B100. Among the blends, B10 has lowest BSFC, lowest emission and highest BTE. Higher biodiesel blends can also be used with suitable modifications to arrest some NOx. The present investigation is thus directed to the ongoing research towards the search for viable alternative fuels for energy security, environmental problem mitigation and sustainable development.
Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2015
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015
The present study attempts to provide an illustrative overview of hydrogen dual fuel applications... more The present study attempts to provide an illustrative overview of hydrogen dual fuel applications in existing diesel engine configurations to distinctly outline the tactical and strategic pertinence of hydrogen in meeting the impeding challenges of the diesel engines of the day. To this end, a comprehensive review of the challenges and opportunities of contemporary diesel engine operation and the unique relevance and beneficence of hydrogen in diesel operational paradigms have been established through unique Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat analyses. The survey also outlines the exceptional tolerance of hydrogen combustion towards higher exhaust gas recirculation rates than that deemed feasible in diesel engine paradigms of the day to meet its emission obligations. The present review establishes through various case studies, the possibility of continuing with exhaust gas recirculation as a cost-effective and simple pathway of NOx containment strategy in conventional diesel combustion domains in lieu of the costly and yet to mature exhaust after treatment systems. The study in its entirety attempts to establish the synergistic potential of hydrogen-exhaust gas recirculation technique as a viable, ready-to-be-adapted in-situ strategy that can be exploited in existing diesel powertrains to meet its present and impending PM–NOx–BSFC trade-off challenges.
International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2010