Prof. Dr. Peter J. Brenner (original) (raw)
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Papers by Prof. Dr. Peter J. Brenner
Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Literaturstudie ist es, einen Überblick sowohl über die mikroskopisc... more Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Literaturstudie ist es, einen Überblick sowohl über die mikroskopische als auch die molekulare Struktur der Blut-Hirn- und der Blut-Liquor-Schranke zu geben. Um den Stofftransport aus dem Blut in das Gehirn sowohl zu kontrollieren, als auch zu regulieren, benötigt der Wirbeltierorganismus speziell aufgebaute Barrieren. Dies sind, im Bereich des Gehirnes, zum einem die Blut-Hirn-Schranke, zum anderen die Blut-Liquor-Schranke. Nachdem der Sitz und sogar die Existenz einer Blut-Hirn-Schranke lange Zeit sehr kontrovers diskutiert wurden, konnten die ersten transmissionselektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchen Ende der 60iger Jahre zeigen, dass ihr wesentliches morphologisches Korrelat die Kapillarendothelien des Gehirns sind. Eine wesentliche Rolle kommt hier den Tight junctions zu, deren hohe Dichte diesem Endothel die Funktion einer physikalischen Barriere verleiht. Diese physikalische Barriere ist aber nur der Grundstock für die sehr komplexen, dynamischen S...
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2021
Background The Rotavirus Gastroenteritis (RVG) is a contagious vaccine-preventable disease that c... more Background The Rotavirus Gastroenteritis (RVG) is a contagious vaccine-preventable disease that contributes to the high morbidity and mortality among under 5 children. In Yemen, Rotavirus Surveillance System (RVS) was launched in 2007 as sentinel surveillance and the vaccine was introduced in 2012. However, the current protracted conflict led to a significant breakdown of health services including immunization and water, sanitation and hygiene. The aim is to describe the pattern of RVG during the conflict time: 2014-2019. Methods 2014-2019 RVS data that covers demographic variables, clinical symptoms, vaccination status and laboratory results were analyzed using Epi.info 7.2. Results 6,663 suspected RVG cases were reported. The most affected age group was 9-12 months and cases were higher among males (59%). RVG shows a seasonal pattern where RVG was predominantly reported in the cold season. Only 24% needed admission due to severe dehydration. Only 65% of cases were vaccinated, of t...
Advances in Contraception, 1996
The reproductive health of the young and the elderly in the United States has medical, social, ec... more The reproductive health of the young and the elderly in the United States has medical, social, economic and political ramifications, which are not confined to this one country, but often have global implications. The US possesses vast resources, both scientific and economic, to address health-related issues. In spite of this, seemingly important health crises are not always given the priority that many believe they deserve. When the commitment of the country is focused on the health needs of society the positive impact is impressive. A successful national policy to address teenage pregnancy has yet to be formulated. Management of menopause on the other hand has not only increased the life span of American women but has greatly improved their quality of life. One out of every ten American teenage women becomes pregnant each year. Of these pregnancies occurring in 15 to 19 year olds, approximately eight out of every ten are unintended. Half of these unplanned pregnancies end in abortion, 15% spontaneous miscarriage and 35% in induced abortions. The pregnancy rate in teenage women living in the US is twice as high as in England, France and Canada, three times as high as in Sweden and seven times as high as in the Netherlands [1]. The first coital experience continues to occur at earlier ages in American women. In 1972 twenty eight percent of US women aged 15-19 were sexually active. Seven years later fifty percent of women in this age group were sexually active [2]. Presently by the time American women reach the age of 20 years, seventy percent have become sexually active. Each year there are more than one million teenage pregnancies in the United States. In 1992 teenage mothers accounted for 12.7% of all the live births in this country [3]. The percentage of live births to women under the age of 20 years showed racial and ethnic differences; 10.9% of live births to white women, 22.7% of live births to Afro-American women, 20.0% of live births to Native American women and 5.6% of live births to Asian or Pacific Islander women were to mothers under the age of 20 years. In addition to the live births, approximately 14% of all pregnancies in teen age women end in spontaneous miscarriage and 35 to 51% end as induced abortions. Adolescents have an extremely high rate of unintended pregnancies (81.7%) [4].
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 2000
International Water Power Dam Construction, 2004
Jama, 1982
Contraindications to the use of combination oral contraceptives (OCs) include vascular disease hy... more Contraindications to the use of combination oral contraceptives (OCs) include vascular disease hypertension hyperlipidemia diabetes heart disease cancer of the breast or endometrium pregnancy and active liver disease. The medical indications for the prevention of pregnancy may equal or exceed the social reasons for the woman with substantial cardiac disease. The selection of a family planning method is a compromise for all persons. The heart disease patient should balance her need for a highly effective method of contraception against the potential of that method to cause a deterioration in her cardiac function. Some of the rare but serious side effects associated with the use of birth control pills include an increased risk of thromboembolic disease hypertension fluid retention and hyperlipidemia. These effects are particularly deleterious for persons with heart disease and if possible they should avoid the use of combination OCs. Women with mitral valve prolapse are particularly at increased risk for thromboembolic disease. The choice of a family planning method is always made on an individual basis. In general OCs are contraindicated for women with heart disease but this may be the only alternative for a specific individual. In that case I would use a combination OC with 30 or 35 mcg of synthetic estrogen. There is 1 group of women with heart disease that I recommend for the use of birth control pills. Women with valvular disease who receive anticoagulants are known to have an increased incidence of hemoperitoneum at the time of ovulation. The use of anticoagulants reduces their risk for thromboembolic disease and the OC is a highly effective method of contraception that acts by inhibiting ovulation and reduces the risk of an intraperitoneal hemorrhage in these women. (full text)
Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie, 1991
Infolge der freien, mikrochirurgischen Lappentechniken ist der Defektverschlus am Bein einfacher ... more Infolge der freien, mikrochirurgischen Lappentechniken ist der Defektverschlus am Bein einfacher geworden. Zur Wiedererlangung der Gelenksbe- weghchkeit ist der neurovaskulare Muskeltransfer unverzichtbar. Wir haben bei 28 Patienten 29 freie Lat.-dorsi-Lappen mit Nervenanschlus zur unteren Extremitat unter mehr als 570 freien Gewebetransfers durchgefuhrt. Einer erhielt einen Monoblock- transfer, wahrend ein weiterer Patient an beiden Unterschenkeln je einen innervierten Latissimus-Lappen bekam. Sicht- oder tastbare Reinnervationszeichen traten nach durchschnittlich 13,5 Monaten auf. 27 der 29 Muskellappen erbrachten nach dieser Zeit eine aktive Gelenksbeweghchkeit der Grade M3 bis M5
Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Literaturstudie ist es, einen Überblick sowohl über die mikroskopisc... more Zielsetzung der vorliegenden Literaturstudie ist es, einen Überblick sowohl über die mikroskopische als auch die molekulare Struktur der Blut-Hirn- und der Blut-Liquor-Schranke zu geben. Um den Stofftransport aus dem Blut in das Gehirn sowohl zu kontrollieren, als auch zu regulieren, benötigt der Wirbeltierorganismus speziell aufgebaute Barrieren. Dies sind, im Bereich des Gehirnes, zum einem die Blut-Hirn-Schranke, zum anderen die Blut-Liquor-Schranke. Nachdem der Sitz und sogar die Existenz einer Blut-Hirn-Schranke lange Zeit sehr kontrovers diskutiert wurden, konnten die ersten transmissionselektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchen Ende der 60iger Jahre zeigen, dass ihr wesentliches morphologisches Korrelat die Kapillarendothelien des Gehirns sind. Eine wesentliche Rolle kommt hier den Tight junctions zu, deren hohe Dichte diesem Endothel die Funktion einer physikalischen Barriere verleiht. Diese physikalische Barriere ist aber nur der Grundstock für die sehr komplexen, dynamischen S...
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2021
Background The Rotavirus Gastroenteritis (RVG) is a contagious vaccine-preventable disease that c... more Background The Rotavirus Gastroenteritis (RVG) is a contagious vaccine-preventable disease that contributes to the high morbidity and mortality among under 5 children. In Yemen, Rotavirus Surveillance System (RVS) was launched in 2007 as sentinel surveillance and the vaccine was introduced in 2012. However, the current protracted conflict led to a significant breakdown of health services including immunization and water, sanitation and hygiene. The aim is to describe the pattern of RVG during the conflict time: 2014-2019. Methods 2014-2019 RVS data that covers demographic variables, clinical symptoms, vaccination status and laboratory results were analyzed using Epi.info 7.2. Results 6,663 suspected RVG cases were reported. The most affected age group was 9-12 months and cases were higher among males (59%). RVG shows a seasonal pattern where RVG was predominantly reported in the cold season. Only 24% needed admission due to severe dehydration. Only 65% of cases were vaccinated, of t...
Advances in Contraception, 1996
The reproductive health of the young and the elderly in the United States has medical, social, ec... more The reproductive health of the young and the elderly in the United States has medical, social, economic and political ramifications, which are not confined to this one country, but often have global implications. The US possesses vast resources, both scientific and economic, to address health-related issues. In spite of this, seemingly important health crises are not always given the priority that many believe they deserve. When the commitment of the country is focused on the health needs of society the positive impact is impressive. A successful national policy to address teenage pregnancy has yet to be formulated. Management of menopause on the other hand has not only increased the life span of American women but has greatly improved their quality of life. One out of every ten American teenage women becomes pregnant each year. Of these pregnancies occurring in 15 to 19 year olds, approximately eight out of every ten are unintended. Half of these unplanned pregnancies end in abortion, 15% spontaneous miscarriage and 35% in induced abortions. The pregnancy rate in teenage women living in the US is twice as high as in England, France and Canada, three times as high as in Sweden and seven times as high as in the Netherlands [1]. The first coital experience continues to occur at earlier ages in American women. In 1972 twenty eight percent of US women aged 15-19 were sexually active. Seven years later fifty percent of women in this age group were sexually active [2]. Presently by the time American women reach the age of 20 years, seventy percent have become sexually active. Each year there are more than one million teenage pregnancies in the United States. In 1992 teenage mothers accounted for 12.7% of all the live births in this country [3]. The percentage of live births to women under the age of 20 years showed racial and ethnic differences; 10.9% of live births to white women, 22.7% of live births to Afro-American women, 20.0% of live births to Native American women and 5.6% of live births to Asian or Pacific Islander women were to mothers under the age of 20 years. In addition to the live births, approximately 14% of all pregnancies in teen age women end in spontaneous miscarriage and 35 to 51% end as induced abortions. Adolescents have an extremely high rate of unintended pregnancies (81.7%) [4].
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 2000
International Water Power Dam Construction, 2004
Jama, 1982
Contraindications to the use of combination oral contraceptives (OCs) include vascular disease hy... more Contraindications to the use of combination oral contraceptives (OCs) include vascular disease hypertension hyperlipidemia diabetes heart disease cancer of the breast or endometrium pregnancy and active liver disease. The medical indications for the prevention of pregnancy may equal or exceed the social reasons for the woman with substantial cardiac disease. The selection of a family planning method is a compromise for all persons. The heart disease patient should balance her need for a highly effective method of contraception against the potential of that method to cause a deterioration in her cardiac function. Some of the rare but serious side effects associated with the use of birth control pills include an increased risk of thromboembolic disease hypertension fluid retention and hyperlipidemia. These effects are particularly deleterious for persons with heart disease and if possible they should avoid the use of combination OCs. Women with mitral valve prolapse are particularly at increased risk for thromboembolic disease. The choice of a family planning method is always made on an individual basis. In general OCs are contraindicated for women with heart disease but this may be the only alternative for a specific individual. In that case I would use a combination OC with 30 or 35 mcg of synthetic estrogen. There is 1 group of women with heart disease that I recommend for the use of birth control pills. Women with valvular disease who receive anticoagulants are known to have an increased incidence of hemoperitoneum at the time of ovulation. The use of anticoagulants reduces their risk for thromboembolic disease and the OC is a highly effective method of contraception that acts by inhibiting ovulation and reduces the risk of an intraperitoneal hemorrhage in these women. (full text)
Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie, 1991
Infolge der freien, mikrochirurgischen Lappentechniken ist der Defektverschlus am Bein einfacher ... more Infolge der freien, mikrochirurgischen Lappentechniken ist der Defektverschlus am Bein einfacher geworden. Zur Wiedererlangung der Gelenksbe- weghchkeit ist der neurovaskulare Muskeltransfer unverzichtbar. Wir haben bei 28 Patienten 29 freie Lat.-dorsi-Lappen mit Nervenanschlus zur unteren Extremitat unter mehr als 570 freien Gewebetransfers durchgefuhrt. Einer erhielt einen Monoblock- transfer, wahrend ein weiterer Patient an beiden Unterschenkeln je einen innervierten Latissimus-Lappen bekam. Sicht- oder tastbare Reinnervationszeichen traten nach durchschnittlich 13,5 Monaten auf. 27 der 29 Muskellappen erbrachten nach dieser Zeit eine aktive Gelenksbeweghchkeit der Grade M3 bis M5