Przemysław Pawłowski - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Przemysław Pawłowski
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2005
L-Selectin and VLA-4, playing two distinct but complimentary roles in the T-cell trafficking into... more L-Selectin and VLA-4, playing two distinct but complimentary roles in the T-cell trafficking into the site of inflammation, are thought to have a role in the process of diabetic vascular complications". Recently, a relationship between sL-selectin level and the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been described in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). MacKinnon et al. found altered Lselectin expression in lymphocytes and increased adhesion to the endothelium in patients with DR, and suggest a role of lymphocyte activation in the pathogenesis of DR. Moreover, the serum level of VLA-4 ligand, VCAM-1, was found elevated in patients with diabetic vascular complications. L-Selectin as well as other selectins were suggested to be a surrogate marker for CAD and atherosclerosis in type 2 DM. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether there is any relationship between the percentage of L-selectin and VLA-4 Τ lymphocytes and the development of diabetic vascular complications. Our study was carried out in a group of 60 children with type 1 DM (DM1). Group 1 (n = 20) had DM1 >5 years with microvascular complications (DR, incipient nephropathy/microalbuminuria) and with arterial hypertension with medium metabolic control (median actual HbAu 8%); Group 2 (n = 20) had DM1 >5 years, without complications (with median actual HbAu 8.2%); Group 3 (n = 20) had DM1 <5 years (median actual H b A u 7.9%). All patients were under intensive insulin therapy, without ketoacidosis. Twenty healthy volunteers were matched as controls. We found that the percentage of PBTLs expressing L-selectin was elevated in patients with DM1 versus controls, and was highest in children with diabetic vascular complications, whereas the percentage of VLA-4 PBTLs was no longer decreased in this group versus healthy controls (Table 1). Furthermore, a higher proportion of Lselectin cells was observed in children with arterial hypertension than without (p <0.05). In contrast, the reduced L-selectin expression on Τ lymphocytes in patients with DM and DR versus controls found by MacKinnon et al. could be due to the smaller and more heterogeneous group of patients (with type 1 and type 2 DM). According to Kretowski et al., the baseline elevation of Lselectin level is likely to be genetically determined
Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of corticosteroids on soluble M... more Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of corticosteroids on soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) in order to assess their usefulness as a guideline in a therapeutic approach. Material and methods: Serum gelatinases and VCAM-1 were detected in three groups of subjects: 20 patients with GO (CAS ≥ 3, anamnesis of GO ≥ 1 yr), 12 patients with no clinical symptoms of ophthalmopathy (Gd) and 10 healthy volunteers. Corticosteroid therapy consisted of intravenous infusions (2 series, 3 grams each time) of methylprednisolone (MP) and subsequent treatment with oral prednisone (60 mg per day) in a tapering schedule. The serum samples were collected 24 hours before MP, 24 hours after MP, after 14 days of treatment with prednisone and at the end of corticosteroid therapy. The levels of soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 were determined by the ELISA method. Results: We have found no differences in serum MMP-2 betwee...
of a novel RDH5 gene mutation affecting the invariant
Wstęp: Celem pracy była identyfikacja wczesnych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego u pacjentów z... more Wstęp: Celem pracy była identyfikacja wczesnych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego u pacjentów z oftalmopatią Gravesa (GO, Graves' opthalmopathy) bez objawów klinicznych neuropatii przy zastosowaniu wzrokowych potencjałów wywołanych wzorcem (PVEP, pattern visual evoked potentials) i porównanie wartości pomiarów PVEP (latencje P100 i N75, amplituda P100) z ciśnieniem śródgałkowym i stopniem wytrzeszczu. Materiał i metody: U 15 pacjentów z GO bez klinicznych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego i 12 zdrowych osobników badano współzależności między latencjami N75 i P100 oraz amplitudą P100, a pomiarami ciśnienia śródgałkowego i stopniem wytrzeszczu. Wyniki: Średnie wartości pomiarów latencji N75 i P100 w grupie pacjentów z GO były istotnie dłuższe w porównaniu z kontrolą (LP100-106,2 ± 4,4 ms vs. 102,4 ± 2,7 ms; p < 0,01 i LN75-79,0 ± 3,7 ms vs. 73,9 ± 2,8 ms; p < 0,001). U chorych z GO obserwowano pozytywną korelację między dr hab. med.
Hormone and Metabolic Research, 2017
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2011
ABSTRACT
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2011
Purpose Fundus Albipunctatus is a congenital, stationary retinal disease with rod system degenera... more Purpose Fundus Albipunctatus is a congenital, stationary retinal disease with rod system degeneration. The disorder is caused by mutation in the RDH5 gene. It is characterized by impaired night vision and numerous small white‐yellow retinal lesions. Flash ERG reveals severe rod function impairment after usual period of dark‐adaptation, which normalize after prolonged dark adaptation.
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2014
Background To evaluate if conjunctival epithelial cells' expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 could be... more Background To evaluate if conjunctival epithelial cells' expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 could be helpful as early topical markers of inflammation in Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Methods The ocular examination evaluated a clinical activity score (CAS) by assessment of clinical features, (e.g., eyelid or conjunctival inflammation, lid width, lid closure, proptosis, ocular motility). Conjunctival epithelial cell specimens for flow-cytometric evaluations of ICAM-I and HLADR expression were collected by impression cytology from ten eyes with active GO (CAS≥4 and duration≤12 months), from 15 eyes with Graves' disease (GD) without active GO (CAS 0-2) and from 15 normal specimens without any ocular disorders. Results The percentage of HLA-DR+conjunctival epithelial cells was significantly elevated in patients with active GO comparing to GD without active GO and healthy controls,
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2014
ABSTRACT
Endokrynologia Polska
The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of corticosteroids on soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 an... more The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of corticosteroids on soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) in order to assess their usefulness as a guideline in a therapeutic approach. Serum gelatinases and VCAM-1 were detected in three groups of subjects: 20 patients with GO (CAS > or = 3, anamnesis of GO > or = 1 yr), 12 patients with no clinical symptoms of ophthalmopathy (Gd) and 10 healthy volunteers. Corticosteroid therapy consisted of intravenous infusions (2 series, 3 grams each time) of methylprednisolone (MP) and subsequent treatment with oral prednisone (60 mg per day) in a tapering schedule. The serum samples were collected 24 hours before MP, 24 hours after MP, after 14 days of treatment with prednisone and at the end of corticosteroid therapy. The levels of soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 were determined by the ELISA method. We have found no differences in serum MMP-2 between the groups studied and a significant reductio...
Wzrokowe potencjały wywołane wzorcem we wczesnej diagnostyce neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego w przebi... more Wzrokowe potencjały wywołane wzorcem we wczesnej diagnostyce neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego w przebiegu oftalmopatii Gravesa
THE AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate by means of pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) early ne... more THE AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate by means of pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) early neuropathic changes in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) patients without any clinical symptoms of optic neuropathy in order to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical optic neuropathy in GO patients and to elucidate whether there is a relationship between PVEP (P100 and N75 latency), intraocular pressure (IOP) and exophthalmometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two groups of patients were examined: 15 patients with GO without clinical signs of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and 12 healthy controls. The correlations between the N75 and P100 latencies, IOP and Hertel exophthalmometry were investigated. RESULTS The mean PVEP N75 and P100 latencies were significantly delayed in the GO uncomplicated with DON in comparison with controls (LP100- 106.2 +/- 4.4 ms vs. 102.4 +/- 2.7 ms, p < 0.01 and LN75- 79.0 +/- 3.7 ms vs. 73.9 +/- 2.8 ms, p < 0.001). In GO patients we documented a positive correlat...
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2014
ABSTRACT
Advances in Medical Sciences
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
Introduction. Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a complication in Graves' disease (GD) that causes disf... more Introduction. Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a complication in Graves' disease (GD) that causes disfigurement and sometimes blindness. The pathogenesis of GO remains unknown, while its symptoms demonstrate dependence between the thyroid gland and the orbit. The ongoing inflammatory process in retrobulbar tissue results in its remodeling characterized by increased volume of the orbital contents involving adipose tissue, with fibrosis and adipogenesis as predominant features. This study was aimed at the immunohistochemical verification of potential contribution and correlation between orbital expressions of IGF-1R, CD34, Foxp-3, PPAR-g and CD4, CD68, TGF-b, FGF-b in severe and mild (long-lasting) GO. Material and methods. Forty-one orbital tissue specimens-22 patients with severe GO, 9 patients with mild GO and 10 patients undergoing blepharoplasty as a control group-were processed by routine immunohistochemistry. Results. Increased IGF-1R, CD34 and Foxp-3 expression was found in both severe and mild GO, yet a significant correlation between CD34 and CD4, CD68, TGF-b, FGF-b expressions was observed in long-lasting GO. Conclusions. CD34 expression is proposed to be the marker of orbital tissue remodeling in the course of mild GO.
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Advances in Medical Sciences
Klinika Oczna, Feb 1, 2005
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor secreting catecholamines, it occurs in different age, rarely in child... more Pheochromocytoma is a tumor secreting catecholamines, it occurs in different age, rarely in children. The disorder coexists with malignant arterial hypertension. We present a case of patient with ophthalmic alterations in the course of pheochromocytoma. In 12-year old boy operated on pheochromocytoma full ophthalmic examination, fluorescent angiography and ERG were performed. We found decreased visual acuity, hypertensive retinopathy and the scotopic and fotopic ERG alterations. Hypertensive retinopathy in the course of pheochromocytoma could be the first symptom of the disease, especially in children. The earlier this disorder is diagnosed and operated on, the better is the prognosis for health and regression of retinal findings.
Endokrynologia Polska, 2006
Wstęp: Celem pracy była identyfikacja wczesnych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego u pacjentów z... more Wstęp: Celem pracy była identyfikacja wczesnych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego u pacjentów z oftalmopatią Gravesa (GO, Graves' opthalmopathy) bez objawów klinicznych neuropatii przy zastosowaniu wzrokowych potencjałów wywołanych wzorcem (PVEP, pattern visual evoked potentials) i porównanie wartości pomiarów PVEP (latencje P100 i N75, amplituda P100) z ciśnieniem śródgałkowym i stopniem wytrzeszczu. Materiał i metody: U 15 pacjentów z GO bez klinicznych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego i 12 zdrowych osobników badano współzależności między latencjami N75 i P100 oraz amplitudą P100, a pomiarami ciśnienia śródgałkowego i stopniem wytrzeszczu. Wyniki: Średnie wartości pomiarów latencji N75 i P100 w grupie pacjentów z GO były istotnie dłuższe w porównaniu z kontrolą (LP100-106,2 ± 4,4 ms vs. 102,4 ± 2,7 ms; p < 0,01 i LN75-79,0 ± 3,7 ms vs. 73,9 ± 2,8 ms; p < 0,001). U chorych z GO obserwowano pozytywną korelację między dr hab. med.
Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2005
L-Selectin and VLA-4, playing two distinct but complimentary roles in the T-cell trafficking into... more L-Selectin and VLA-4, playing two distinct but complimentary roles in the T-cell trafficking into the site of inflammation, are thought to have a role in the process of diabetic vascular complications". Recently, a relationship between sL-selectin level and the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been described in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). MacKinnon et al. found altered Lselectin expression in lymphocytes and increased adhesion to the endothelium in patients with DR, and suggest a role of lymphocyte activation in the pathogenesis of DR. Moreover, the serum level of VLA-4 ligand, VCAM-1, was found elevated in patients with diabetic vascular complications. L-Selectin as well as other selectins were suggested to be a surrogate marker for CAD and atherosclerosis in type 2 DM. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether there is any relationship between the percentage of L-selectin and VLA-4 Τ lymphocytes and the development of diabetic vascular complications. Our study was carried out in a group of 60 children with type 1 DM (DM1). Group 1 (n = 20) had DM1 >5 years with microvascular complications (DR, incipient nephropathy/microalbuminuria) and with arterial hypertension with medium metabolic control (median actual HbAu 8%); Group 2 (n = 20) had DM1 >5 years, without complications (with median actual HbAu 8.2%); Group 3 (n = 20) had DM1 <5 years (median actual H b A u 7.9%). All patients were under intensive insulin therapy, without ketoacidosis. Twenty healthy volunteers were matched as controls. We found that the percentage of PBTLs expressing L-selectin was elevated in patients with DM1 versus controls, and was highest in children with diabetic vascular complications, whereas the percentage of VLA-4 PBTLs was no longer decreased in this group versus healthy controls (Table 1). Furthermore, a higher proportion of Lselectin cells was observed in children with arterial hypertension than without (p <0.05). In contrast, the reduced L-selectin expression on Τ lymphocytes in patients with DM and DR versus controls found by MacKinnon et al. could be due to the smaller and more heterogeneous group of patients (with type 1 and type 2 DM). According to Kretowski et al., the baseline elevation of Lselectin level is likely to be genetically determined
Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of corticosteroids on soluble M... more Introduction: The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of corticosteroids on soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) in order to assess their usefulness as a guideline in a therapeutic approach. Material and methods: Serum gelatinases and VCAM-1 were detected in three groups of subjects: 20 patients with GO (CAS ≥ 3, anamnesis of GO ≥ 1 yr), 12 patients with no clinical symptoms of ophthalmopathy (Gd) and 10 healthy volunteers. Corticosteroid therapy consisted of intravenous infusions (2 series, 3 grams each time) of methylprednisolone (MP) and subsequent treatment with oral prednisone (60 mg per day) in a tapering schedule. The serum samples were collected 24 hours before MP, 24 hours after MP, after 14 days of treatment with prednisone and at the end of corticosteroid therapy. The levels of soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 were determined by the ELISA method. Results: We have found no differences in serum MMP-2 betwee...
of a novel RDH5 gene mutation affecting the invariant
Wstęp: Celem pracy była identyfikacja wczesnych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego u pacjentów z... more Wstęp: Celem pracy była identyfikacja wczesnych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego u pacjentów z oftalmopatią Gravesa (GO, Graves' opthalmopathy) bez objawów klinicznych neuropatii przy zastosowaniu wzrokowych potencjałów wywołanych wzorcem (PVEP, pattern visual evoked potentials) i porównanie wartości pomiarów PVEP (latencje P100 i N75, amplituda P100) z ciśnieniem śródgałkowym i stopniem wytrzeszczu. Materiał i metody: U 15 pacjentów z GO bez klinicznych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego i 12 zdrowych osobników badano współzależności między latencjami N75 i P100 oraz amplitudą P100, a pomiarami ciśnienia śródgałkowego i stopniem wytrzeszczu. Wyniki: Średnie wartości pomiarów latencji N75 i P100 w grupie pacjentów z GO były istotnie dłuższe w porównaniu z kontrolą (LP100-106,2 ± 4,4 ms vs. 102,4 ± 2,7 ms; p < 0,01 i LN75-79,0 ± 3,7 ms vs. 73,9 ± 2,8 ms; p < 0,001). U chorych z GO obserwowano pozytywną korelację między dr hab. med.
Hormone and Metabolic Research, 2017
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2011
ABSTRACT
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2011
Purpose Fundus Albipunctatus is a congenital, stationary retinal disease with rod system degenera... more Purpose Fundus Albipunctatus is a congenital, stationary retinal disease with rod system degeneration. The disorder is caused by mutation in the RDH5 gene. It is characterized by impaired night vision and numerous small white‐yellow retinal lesions. Flash ERG reveals severe rod function impairment after usual period of dark‐adaptation, which normalize after prolonged dark adaptation.
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2014
Background To evaluate if conjunctival epithelial cells' expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 could be... more Background To evaluate if conjunctival epithelial cells' expression of HLA-DR and ICAM-1 could be helpful as early topical markers of inflammation in Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Methods The ocular examination evaluated a clinical activity score (CAS) by assessment of clinical features, (e.g., eyelid or conjunctival inflammation, lid width, lid closure, proptosis, ocular motility). Conjunctival epithelial cell specimens for flow-cytometric evaluations of ICAM-I and HLADR expression were collected by impression cytology from ten eyes with active GO (CAS≥4 and duration≤12 months), from 15 eyes with Graves' disease (GD) without active GO (CAS 0-2) and from 15 normal specimens without any ocular disorders. Results The percentage of HLA-DR+conjunctival epithelial cells was significantly elevated in patients with active GO comparing to GD without active GO and healthy controls,
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2014
ABSTRACT
Endokrynologia Polska
The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of corticosteroids on soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 an... more The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of corticosteroids on soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 in patients with Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) in order to assess their usefulness as a guideline in a therapeutic approach. Serum gelatinases and VCAM-1 were detected in three groups of subjects: 20 patients with GO (CAS > or = 3, anamnesis of GO > or = 1 yr), 12 patients with no clinical symptoms of ophthalmopathy (Gd) and 10 healthy volunteers. Corticosteroid therapy consisted of intravenous infusions (2 series, 3 grams each time) of methylprednisolone (MP) and subsequent treatment with oral prednisone (60 mg per day) in a tapering schedule. The serum samples were collected 24 hours before MP, 24 hours after MP, after 14 days of treatment with prednisone and at the end of corticosteroid therapy. The levels of soluble MMP-2, MMP-9 and VCAM-1 were determined by the ELISA method. We have found no differences in serum MMP-2 between the groups studied and a significant reductio...
Wzrokowe potencjały wywołane wzorcem we wczesnej diagnostyce neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego w przebi... more Wzrokowe potencjały wywołane wzorcem we wczesnej diagnostyce neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego w przebiegu oftalmopatii Gravesa
THE AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate by means of pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) early ne... more THE AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate by means of pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) early neuropathic changes in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) patients without any clinical symptoms of optic neuropathy in order to evaluate the prevalence of subclinical optic neuropathy in GO patients and to elucidate whether there is a relationship between PVEP (P100 and N75 latency), intraocular pressure (IOP) and exophthalmometry. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two groups of patients were examined: 15 patients with GO without clinical signs of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) and 12 healthy controls. The correlations between the N75 and P100 latencies, IOP and Hertel exophthalmometry were investigated. RESULTS The mean PVEP N75 and P100 latencies were significantly delayed in the GO uncomplicated with DON in comparison with controls (LP100- 106.2 +/- 4.4 ms vs. 102.4 +/- 2.7 ms, p < 0.01 and LN75- 79.0 +/- 3.7 ms vs. 73.9 +/- 2.8 ms, p < 0.001). In GO patients we documented a positive correlat...
Acta Ophthalmologica, 2014
ABSTRACT
Advances in Medical Sciences
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
Introduction. Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a complication in Graves' disease (GD) that causes disf... more Introduction. Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a complication in Graves' disease (GD) that causes disfigurement and sometimes blindness. The pathogenesis of GO remains unknown, while its symptoms demonstrate dependence between the thyroid gland and the orbit. The ongoing inflammatory process in retrobulbar tissue results in its remodeling characterized by increased volume of the orbital contents involving adipose tissue, with fibrosis and adipogenesis as predominant features. This study was aimed at the immunohistochemical verification of potential contribution and correlation between orbital expressions of IGF-1R, CD34, Foxp-3, PPAR-g and CD4, CD68, TGF-b, FGF-b in severe and mild (long-lasting) GO. Material and methods. Forty-one orbital tissue specimens-22 patients with severe GO, 9 patients with mild GO and 10 patients undergoing blepharoplasty as a control group-were processed by routine immunohistochemistry. Results. Increased IGF-1R, CD34 and Foxp-3 expression was found in both severe and mild GO, yet a significant correlation between CD34 and CD4, CD68, TGF-b, FGF-b expressions was observed in long-lasting GO. Conclusions. CD34 expression is proposed to be the marker of orbital tissue remodeling in the course of mild GO.
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Advances in Medical Sciences
Klinika Oczna, Feb 1, 2005
Pheochromocytoma is a tumor secreting catecholamines, it occurs in different age, rarely in child... more Pheochromocytoma is a tumor secreting catecholamines, it occurs in different age, rarely in children. The disorder coexists with malignant arterial hypertension. We present a case of patient with ophthalmic alterations in the course of pheochromocytoma. In 12-year old boy operated on pheochromocytoma full ophthalmic examination, fluorescent angiography and ERG were performed. We found decreased visual acuity, hypertensive retinopathy and the scotopic and fotopic ERG alterations. Hypertensive retinopathy in the course of pheochromocytoma could be the first symptom of the disease, especially in children. The earlier this disorder is diagnosed and operated on, the better is the prognosis for health and regression of retinal findings.
Endokrynologia Polska, 2006
Wstęp: Celem pracy była identyfikacja wczesnych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego u pacjentów z... more Wstęp: Celem pracy była identyfikacja wczesnych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego u pacjentów z oftalmopatią Gravesa (GO, Graves' opthalmopathy) bez objawów klinicznych neuropatii przy zastosowaniu wzrokowych potencjałów wywołanych wzorcem (PVEP, pattern visual evoked potentials) i porównanie wartości pomiarów PVEP (latencje P100 i N75, amplituda P100) z ciśnieniem śródgałkowym i stopniem wytrzeszczu. Materiał i metody: U 15 pacjentów z GO bez klinicznych objawów neuropatii nerwu wzrokowego i 12 zdrowych osobników badano współzależności między latencjami N75 i P100 oraz amplitudą P100, a pomiarami ciśnienia śródgałkowego i stopniem wytrzeszczu. Wyniki: Średnie wartości pomiarów latencji N75 i P100 w grupie pacjentów z GO były istotnie dłuższe w porównaniu z kontrolą (LP100-106,2 ± 4,4 ms vs. 102,4 ± 2,7 ms; p < 0,01 i LN75-79,0 ± 3,7 ms vs. 73,9 ± 2,8 ms; p < 0,001). U chorych z GO obserwowano pozytywną korelację między dr hab. med.