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Papers by Purna Chandra Parida

In 2012-2013 the share of agriculture and allied activities declined to about 13.7 percent of Ind... more In 2012-2013 the share of agriculture and allied activities declined to about 13.7 percent of India's GDP 1. Due to rising competition in international markets and increasing costs of production, sustaining efficiency in farm production necessitates estimation of both technical and economic efficiencies. In this paper, we examine India's agrarian performance in terms of restricted profit functions and factor demand equations, using village-level panel data for years 1999 and 2006. We also attempt to decompose output growth between the two periods into technical progress, technical efficiency, and input growth using a translog production function following Kalirajan, Obowa and Zhao (1996) to examine whether output growth was input-driven or technology driven. The decomposition analysis is important from a policy perspective to understand whether the given technology has been applied to its full potential. We find that the technical change between 1999 and 2006 has been negative, while the technological progress is positive, therefore we can infer that full potential of technological change between 1999 and 2006 could not be leveraged due to the decline in technical efficiencies. To fully leverage the same, policy prescriptions should target increasing farm level technical efficiencies.

This paper examines the returns to education with respect to three labour market outcomes namely ... more This paper examines the returns to education with respect to three labour market outcomes namely wages, employment and occupation using the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 68th round (2011–12) data. Wage equation (without selection bias) results point to the fact that returns to education increase at an increasing rate as the level of education increases and the impact of education is found relatively higher in the case of urban than rural areas. In case of employment, the study finds that compared to illiterates, the chances of higher educated people going to agriculture sector is less. This is true even in the case of rural areas whereas the interactive variable (education with rural dummy) is found negatively associated with employment in agriculture sector. Occupation results suggest that there is a strong association between higher education (under graduate and graduate and above) with professional occupations and less with agriculture and fishery and unskilled occupations...

Journal of Public Affairs, 2020

Journal of Economics and Development, 2021

PurposeThis study attempts to examine the missing middle (MM) phenomena in the context of the Ind... more PurposeThis study attempts to examine the missing middle (MM) phenomena in the context of the Indian manufacturing sector using the unit level information from the database of Ministry of Corporate Affair, Government of India.Design/methodology/approachUnlike the previous studies, the present study first bifurcated the missing enterprises into two categories such as “permanently” dropped and “reappeared,” in order to pursue a meaningful analysis and derive conclusions with policy insights. Various financial indicators were used to explain the causes of MM phenomena during 2009–2010 and 2016–2017, in a logistic framework.FindingsThe study found that profit margin ratio is higher for the group of medium sized enterprises which continued in comparison to the units which dropped out permanently. Similar is the case with the ratio of investment turnover. The econometric results, however suggest that the relationship between the chances of a firm being dropped out and financial indicators...

Asian Development Review, 2009

This paper uses the primary data collected for a project on the impact and sustainability of the ... more This paper uses the primary data collected for a project on the impact and sustainability of the SHG Bank Linkage Programme carried out at NCAER during the period 2007-2008. The authors thank the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit Rural Financial Institutions Programme for funding this project. The authors would also like to thank Palash Baruah for assistance with the data analysis and two anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions. All errors and omissions are the authors' responsibility. The views are those of the authors and not of the institution to which they belong.

This paper examines the implications of structural changes in Indian economy on the welfare of th... more This paper examines the implications of structural changes in Indian economy on the welfare of the households in both rural and urban India. While per capita household expenditure is taken as a proxy variable to measure the welfare of the households, the structural changes have been captured through the changes in some of the socio-economic and demographic variables. NSSO data of 61st round (2004–05) and 68th round (2011–12) are used for the analysis. The study applies OLS technique to find out the key determinants of household consumption expenditure and the Blinder–Oaxaca (B-O) decomposition method to understand the urban–rural gap. We find that education, wages, occupation, household size, gender and age are important determinants of household consumption expenditure both in rural and urban India. However, the impact of these factors is found relatively higher in urban areas than rural. The B-O test suggests the evidence of increase in urban–rural gap between the two data points....

This paper examines the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in the context of South Asian c... more This paper examines the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in the context of South Asian countries namely India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. The study verifies the PPP hypothesis that it is more pronounced either in developed countries as a group or developing countries but not between developed and developing countries. The study uses the Cointegration technique and concludes that PPP is quite feasible among the South Asian countries with India as a base country.

This paper examines the long-run relationship between the real exchange rate and productivity dif... more This paper examines the long-run relationship between the real exchange rate and productivity differentials on traded and non-traded goods in India and Japan by using the data relating to the period from 1974 to 1998. The study uses the co-integration technique and finds that there is an evidence for the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis, which stipulates that productivity differences in the traded and non-traded goods have a stable long-run equilibrium relationship with real exchange rate.

Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research

Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 2014

This article examines the impact of human capital and openness on total factor productivity (TFP)... more This article examines the impact of human capital and openness on total factor productivity (TFP) for five South Asian countries-India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal-during the period from 1980 to 2011. The empirical results derived from the panel cointegration techniques provide evidence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) results show that the long-run elasticities of TFP with respect to human capital and openness are positive. The results, however, suggest that the impact of human capital on TFP is relatively weaker than the impact of openness on TFP for the South Asian countries. The study also examines the long-run and short-run Granger causality between these three variables in a panel framework. The results indicate that there is a long-run Granger causality running from trade openness and human capital to TFP. Similarly, in the short-run, there exists a bi-directional Granger causality between trade openness and total factor productivity and between total factor productivity and human capital. The study suggests that by improving trade policy reforms, such as, licensing policies, and removing trade barriers, the low-income countries in South Asia can increase their level of openness, which would boost the TFP in the short run.

International Journal of Development Issues, 2016

Purpose This paper aims to make an attempt to identify labour intensity of organized manufacturin... more Purpose This paper aims to make an attempt to identify labour intensity of organized manufacturing industries in India using the Annual Survey of Industry (ASI) data at three-digit level. It estimates total factor productivity growth (TFPG) and technical efficiency for both labour intensive and all manufacturing industries during the pre- and post-reforms periods. Design/methodology/approach The study uses three approaches to estimate TFPG. They are growth accounting (GA) (non-parametric), production function with correction for endogeneity – Levinsohn-Petrin (LP) (semi-parametric) and stochastic production frontier (SPF) analysis (parametric). The study uses ASI data published by Central Statistical Organization, Government of India for the period 1980-1981 to 2007-2008 for the analysis. Findings The study finds that the rate of decline of the labour intensity is more pronounced in the case of labour-intensive industries than all the manufacturing industries. The results of GA meth...

Contemporary South Asia, 2012

This article examines the impact of human capital and openness on total factor productivity (TFP)... more This article examines the impact of human capital and openness on total factor productivity (TFP) for five South Asian countries-India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal-during the period from 1980 to 2011. The empirical results derived from the panel cointegration techniques provide evidence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) results show that the long-run elasticities of TFP with respect to human capital and openness are positive. The results, however, suggest that the impact of human capital on TFP is relatively weaker than the impact of openness on TFP for the South Asian countries. The study also examines the long-run and short-run Granger causality between these three variables in a panel framework. The results indicate that there is a long-run Granger causality running from trade openness and human capital to TFP. Similarly, in the short-run, there exists a bi-directional Granger causality between trade openness and total factor productivity and between total factor productivity and human capital. The study suggests that by improving trade policy reforms, such as, licensing policies, and removing trade barriers, the low-income countries in South Asia can increase their level of openness, which would boost the TFP in the short run.

International Economic Journal, 2007

Abstract In this paper, we attempt to examine the export-led and manufacturing export-led growth ... more Abstract In this paper, we attempt to examine the export-led and manufacturing export-led growth hypothesis for four South Asian Countries; namely, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, using Pedroni's panel cointegration technique for the period 1980–2002. In this ...

Empirical Economics, 2013

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Economics and Business Research

ABSTRACT

In 2012-2013 the share of agriculture and allied activities declined to about 13.7 percent of Ind... more In 2012-2013 the share of agriculture and allied activities declined to about 13.7 percent of India's GDP 1. Due to rising competition in international markets and increasing costs of production, sustaining efficiency in farm production necessitates estimation of both technical and economic efficiencies. In this paper, we examine India's agrarian performance in terms of restricted profit functions and factor demand equations, using village-level panel data for years 1999 and 2006. We also attempt to decompose output growth between the two periods into technical progress, technical efficiency, and input growth using a translog production function following Kalirajan, Obowa and Zhao (1996) to examine whether output growth was input-driven or technology driven. The decomposition analysis is important from a policy perspective to understand whether the given technology has been applied to its full potential. We find that the technical change between 1999 and 2006 has been negative, while the technological progress is positive, therefore we can infer that full potential of technological change between 1999 and 2006 could not be leveraged due to the decline in technical efficiencies. To fully leverage the same, policy prescriptions should target increasing farm level technical efficiencies.

This paper examines the returns to education with respect to three labour market outcomes namely ... more This paper examines the returns to education with respect to three labour market outcomes namely wages, employment and occupation using the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) 68th round (2011–12) data. Wage equation (without selection bias) results point to the fact that returns to education increase at an increasing rate as the level of education increases and the impact of education is found relatively higher in the case of urban than rural areas. In case of employment, the study finds that compared to illiterates, the chances of higher educated people going to agriculture sector is less. This is true even in the case of rural areas whereas the interactive variable (education with rural dummy) is found negatively associated with employment in agriculture sector. Occupation results suggest that there is a strong association between higher education (under graduate and graduate and above) with professional occupations and less with agriculture and fishery and unskilled occupations...

Journal of Public Affairs, 2020

Journal of Economics and Development, 2021

PurposeThis study attempts to examine the missing middle (MM) phenomena in the context of the Ind... more PurposeThis study attempts to examine the missing middle (MM) phenomena in the context of the Indian manufacturing sector using the unit level information from the database of Ministry of Corporate Affair, Government of India.Design/methodology/approachUnlike the previous studies, the present study first bifurcated the missing enterprises into two categories such as “permanently” dropped and “reappeared,” in order to pursue a meaningful analysis and derive conclusions with policy insights. Various financial indicators were used to explain the causes of MM phenomena during 2009–2010 and 2016–2017, in a logistic framework.FindingsThe study found that profit margin ratio is higher for the group of medium sized enterprises which continued in comparison to the units which dropped out permanently. Similar is the case with the ratio of investment turnover. The econometric results, however suggest that the relationship between the chances of a firm being dropped out and financial indicators...

Asian Development Review, 2009

This paper uses the primary data collected for a project on the impact and sustainability of the ... more This paper uses the primary data collected for a project on the impact and sustainability of the SHG Bank Linkage Programme carried out at NCAER during the period 2007-2008. The authors thank the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit Rural Financial Institutions Programme for funding this project. The authors would also like to thank Palash Baruah for assistance with the data analysis and two anonymous referees for their useful comments and suggestions. All errors and omissions are the authors' responsibility. The views are those of the authors and not of the institution to which they belong.

This paper examines the implications of structural changes in Indian economy on the welfare of th... more This paper examines the implications of structural changes in Indian economy on the welfare of the households in both rural and urban India. While per capita household expenditure is taken as a proxy variable to measure the welfare of the households, the structural changes have been captured through the changes in some of the socio-economic and demographic variables. NSSO data of 61st round (2004–05) and 68th round (2011–12) are used for the analysis. The study applies OLS technique to find out the key determinants of household consumption expenditure and the Blinder–Oaxaca (B-O) decomposition method to understand the urban–rural gap. We find that education, wages, occupation, household size, gender and age are important determinants of household consumption expenditure both in rural and urban India. However, the impact of these factors is found relatively higher in urban areas than rural. The B-O test suggests the evidence of increase in urban–rural gap between the two data points....

This paper examines the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in the context of South Asian c... more This paper examines the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in the context of South Asian countries namely India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan. The study verifies the PPP hypothesis that it is more pronounced either in developed countries as a group or developing countries but not between developed and developing countries. The study uses the Cointegration technique and concludes that PPP is quite feasible among the South Asian countries with India as a base country.

This paper examines the long-run relationship between the real exchange rate and productivity dif... more This paper examines the long-run relationship between the real exchange rate and productivity differentials on traded and non-traded goods in India and Japan by using the data relating to the period from 1974 to 1998. The study uses the co-integration technique and finds that there is an evidence for the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis, which stipulates that productivity differences in the traded and non-traded goods have a stable long-run equilibrium relationship with real exchange rate.

Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research

Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, 2014

This article examines the impact of human capital and openness on total factor productivity (TFP)... more This article examines the impact of human capital and openness on total factor productivity (TFP) for five South Asian countries-India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal-during the period from 1980 to 2011. The empirical results derived from the panel cointegration techniques provide evidence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) results show that the long-run elasticities of TFP with respect to human capital and openness are positive. The results, however, suggest that the impact of human capital on TFP is relatively weaker than the impact of openness on TFP for the South Asian countries. The study also examines the long-run and short-run Granger causality between these three variables in a panel framework. The results indicate that there is a long-run Granger causality running from trade openness and human capital to TFP. Similarly, in the short-run, there exists a bi-directional Granger causality between trade openness and total factor productivity and between total factor productivity and human capital. The study suggests that by improving trade policy reforms, such as, licensing policies, and removing trade barriers, the low-income countries in South Asia can increase their level of openness, which would boost the TFP in the short run.

International Journal of Development Issues, 2016

Purpose This paper aims to make an attempt to identify labour intensity of organized manufacturin... more Purpose This paper aims to make an attempt to identify labour intensity of organized manufacturing industries in India using the Annual Survey of Industry (ASI) data at three-digit level. It estimates total factor productivity growth (TFPG) and technical efficiency for both labour intensive and all manufacturing industries during the pre- and post-reforms periods. Design/methodology/approach The study uses three approaches to estimate TFPG. They are growth accounting (GA) (non-parametric), production function with correction for endogeneity – Levinsohn-Petrin (LP) (semi-parametric) and stochastic production frontier (SPF) analysis (parametric). The study uses ASI data published by Central Statistical Organization, Government of India for the period 1980-1981 to 2007-2008 for the analysis. Findings The study finds that the rate of decline of the labour intensity is more pronounced in the case of labour-intensive industries than all the manufacturing industries. The results of GA meth...

Contemporary South Asia, 2012

This article examines the impact of human capital and openness on total factor productivity (TFP)... more This article examines the impact of human capital and openness on total factor productivity (TFP) for five South Asian countries-India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Nepal-during the period from 1980 to 2011. The empirical results derived from the panel cointegration techniques provide evidence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) results show that the long-run elasticities of TFP with respect to human capital and openness are positive. The results, however, suggest that the impact of human capital on TFP is relatively weaker than the impact of openness on TFP for the South Asian countries. The study also examines the long-run and short-run Granger causality between these three variables in a panel framework. The results indicate that there is a long-run Granger causality running from trade openness and human capital to TFP. Similarly, in the short-run, there exists a bi-directional Granger causality between trade openness and total factor productivity and between total factor productivity and human capital. The study suggests that by improving trade policy reforms, such as, licensing policies, and removing trade barriers, the low-income countries in South Asia can increase their level of openness, which would boost the TFP in the short run.

International Economic Journal, 2007

Abstract In this paper, we attempt to examine the export-led and manufacturing export-led growth ... more Abstract In this paper, we attempt to examine the export-led and manufacturing export-led growth hypothesis for four South Asian Countries; namely, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, using Pedroni's panel cointegration technique for the period 1980–2002. In this ...

Empirical Economics, 2013

ABSTRACT

International Journal of Economics and Business Research

ABSTRACT