Qamar Abbas - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Qamar Abbas

The Lancet

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable ri... more Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4•45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4•01-4•94) deaths and 105 million (95•0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44•4% (41•3-48•4) of all cancer deaths and 42•0% (39•1-45•6) of all DALYs. There were 2•88 million (2•60-3•18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50•6% [47•8-54•1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1•58 million (1•36-1•84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36•3% [32•5-41•3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20•4% (12•6-28•4) and DALYs by 16•8% (8•8-25•0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34•7% [27•9-42•8] and 33•3% [25•8-42•0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 2018

Due to climate change, the world average surface temperature has increased 0.3-0.6ºC over the pas... more Due to climate change, the world average surface temperature has increased 0.3-0.6ºC over the past 100 years. The northern belt of Pakistan holds the largest storage of freshwater (ice and snow) after the polar region, and provides water to the downstream population for agriculture plus domestic and hydropower resources. This study focuses on a possible explanation for the seemingly declining behavior of Darkut Glacier using evidence from ground observation and climate station data in Yasin and Gupis valleys in northern Pakistan. We analyzed data obtained from two stations includes the Water and Power Development Authority of Pakistan (WAPDA, 1995-2010) and the Pakistan Meteorology Department (PMD, 1986-2015). Results of both climate station data depicted an increase in total precipitation and a decrease in winter and spring seasons. The study also highlighted an increase in mean minimum and maximum temperatures, particularly in winter and spring. Similarly, the trend of solar radiation also has decreased. Therefore, enhanced snout fluctuation and the melting rate of Darkut occurred during the study period. All of these changes have had a negative impact on the snout of the glacier, which has retreated 6 m during 2013 and 2016, and a lake has formed behind the terminal moraine.

In this paper we present a novel approach to automatically restructuring HTML documents by extrac... more In this paper we present a novel approach to automatically restructuring HTML documents by extracting semantic structures from their header and body, The body of a web page is generally software generated via template and it's layout has a physical schema. Our approach is to extract trees that are based on hierarchical relations in HTML documents, for this task we used two algorithms, first is Header extraction Algorithm which extracts header trees from head of HTML document and second is an algorithm for automatically partitioning HTML documents into tree like semantic structures from body part of web pages. Then we use an application called layout changer which changes a layout of one web page to another by aligning extracted header trees and partition trees.

Drug research, Jan 12, 2018

The present article illustrated the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of (E)-4-(su... more The present article illustrated the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of (E)-4-(substituted-benzylideneamino)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives 4A-4J: in good to excellent yields. The target compounds were synthesized by refluxing 4-aminocoumarin with aromatic aldehydes in ethanol. The structural confirmation was achieved by spectroscopic techniques such as (H,C-NMR and FT-IR) and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) inhibition and free radical scavenging activity. All the compounds showed CA-II inhibition in the micro molar range. The compound 4C: exhibited higher potential in the series with IC=0.0928±0.00545 µM (standard Acetazolamide IC=0.997±0.0586 µM). Pharmacological investigations showed that the synthesized compounds 4A-4J: obey Lipinsk's rule. Compound 4C: elicited drug likeness and showed drug score value of 0.05. Molecular docking analysis showed that compound 4C: interacts with Asn66 and Gln91 amino...

European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan 29, 2017

A series of novel 1-pentanoyl-3-arylthioureas was designed as new mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors ... more A series of novel 1-pentanoyl-3-arylthioureas was designed as new mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors and free radical scavengers. The title compounds were obtained in excellent yield and characterized by FTIR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and X-ray crystallography in case of compound (4a). The inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase and DPPH were evaluated and it was observed that 1-Pentanoyl-3-(4-methoxyphenyl) thiourea (4f) showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50 1.568 ± 0.01 mM) comparable to Kojic acid (IC50 16.051 ± 1.27 mM). Interestingly compound 4f exhibited higher antioxidant potential compared to other derivatives. The docking studies of synthesized 1-Pentanoyl-3-arylthioureas analogues were also carried out against tyrosinase protein (PDBID 2ZMX) to compare the binding affinities with IC50 values. The predicted binding affinities are in good agreement with the IC50 values as compound (4f) showed highest binding affinity (-7.50 kcal/mol) compared to others derivatives. The kineti...

Journal of Islamic Business and Management

Chemistry & biodiversity, Jan 2, 2017

The current research article reports the synthesis of coumarinyl pyrazolinyl thioamide derivative... more The current research article reports the synthesis of coumarinyl pyrazolinyl thioamide derivatives and their biological activity as inhibitors of jack bean urease. The coumarinyl pyrazolinyl thioamides were synthesized by reacting thiosemicarbazide with newly synthesized chalcones to afford the products in good yields and the synthesized compounds were purified by recrystallization. Coumarinyl pyrazolinyl thioamide derivatives 5a-5q showed significant activity against Urease enzyme and also exhibited good antioxidant potential. The compound 3-(2-Oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide 5n was found to be superior agent in the series with an IC50 = 0.358±0.017μM compared to standard thiourea with an IC50 = 4720±174μM. To undermine the binding mode of inhibition kinetic studies were performed for most potent derivative and it was found that compound 5n inhibits urease enzyme by non-competitive mode of inhibition. Molecular docking studies were carried out...

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2011

Electrochemical dissolution of molybdenum in 1.0 M solution of ammonium nitrate in liquid ammonia... more Electrochemical dissolution of molybdenum in 1.0 M solution of ammonium nitrate in liquid ammonia at − 35°C was investigated. The electrolyte has good conductivity and it showed corrosive ability to great extent. The galvanostatic method was used to investigate the anodic dissolution of molybdenum in NH 4 NO 3 / NH 3 system with a cell potential difference of + 4.0 V. The dissolution efficiency of 79% was noted, while electrodeposition efficiency of molybdenum at parent cathode went up to 76%. No new molybdenum salt was added to the solution; only the dissolved molybdenum was redeposited on parent cathode. Later the residue left was analyzed for possible molybdenum complex and XRF analysis showed the presence of molybdenum in the residue. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate kinetic parameters of Mo in NH 4 NO 3 /NH 3 system. Electrochemical behavior of molybdenum in 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium/trifluoromethansulfonat was also investigated and it was noticed that molybdenum dissolves in NH 4 NO 3 /NH 3 system at faster rates.

Pharmaceutical biology, 2017

Ostericum koreanum (Maxim.) Kitagawa (Apiaceae) roots are traditionally used as an analgesic and ... more Ostericum koreanum (Maxim.) Kitagawa (Apiaceae) roots are traditionally used as an analgesic and antiulcer agent. However, the antiulcer potential of isoimperatorin isolated from O. koreanum has not yet been explored. To evaluate the antiulcer activity of isoimperatorin isolated from the roots of O. koreanum. Isoimperatorin was isolated as cubic crystals by repeated column chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction and structure was verified with (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS-FAB). The crystals obtained were analyzed with the single crystal X-ray method. The MTT assay was used to determine its cytotoxicity against chondrocytes at different concentrations (0.0-737.74 μM, 24 h). The in vivo antiulcer activity of isoimperatorin (40 mg/kg) was determined against ethanol-, indomethacin- and pyloric ligation-induced ulcers in Sprague-Dawley rats. Furthermore, the effect of isoimperatorin (0.0-737.74 μM, 24 h) on the expression of type II collagen in cho...

Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2015

Strategies are presented to enhance operating potential and cycle life of AC/AC capacitors using ... more Strategies are presented to enhance operating potential and cycle life of AC/AC capacitors using salt aqueous electrolytes. Li 2 SO 4 (pH = 6.5) allows 99% efficiency to be exhibited at 1.6 V cell potential with low self-discharge, while in BeSO 4 (pH = 2.1) efficiency is low (81%). Li 2 SO 4 performs better due to high di-hydrogen over-potential at the negative electrode and related pH increase in AC porosity. When stainless steel current collectors are used in Li 2 SO 4 , the cell resistance suddenly increases after 12 hours floating at 1.6 V, due to corrosion of the positive collector. With nickel negative and stainless steel positive collectors, the electrode potentials are shifted by −105 mV at cell potential of 1.6 V, allowing stable cell parameters (capacitance, resistance) and reduction of corrosion products formation on positive steel collector after 120 hours floating. Phenanthrenequinone was grafted on activated carbon to get an additional faradaic contribution in buffer solutions (pH = 4.0 or 7.2). The three-electrode cell CVs show that the redox peaks of the phenanthrenequinone graft shift toward negative values when pH increases from 4 to 7.2. The grafted carbon displays a capacitance value of 194 F g −1 at pH = 4.0 as compared to 82 F g −1 for the as-received carbon.