Rafik Abdesselam - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rafik Abdesselam

Journal of appliedmath, Feb 7, 2024

The paper proposes a topological approach in order to explore several data tables simultaneously.... more The paper proposes a topological approach in order to explore several data tables simultaneously. These data tables of quantitative and/or qualitative variables measured on different homogeneous themes, collected from the same individuals. This approach, called topological analysis of multiple tables (TAMT), is based on the notion of neighborhood graphs in the context of a joint analysis of several data tables. It allows the simultaneous study of possible links between several thematic tables. The structure of the correlations or associations of the variables in each thematic table is analyzed according to the quantitative, qualitative, or mixed variables considered. Like multiple factorial analysis (MFA), the TAMT allows several tables of variables to be analyzed simultaneously, and to obtain results, in particular graphical representations, which make it possible to study the relationship between individuals, variables, and tables of data. These can also be tables of temporal data, collected at different times on the same individuals. The proposed TAMT approach is illustrated using real data associated with several different homogeneous themes. Its results are compared to those from the MFA method.

L'approche proposée consisteà comparer puisà classer des mesures de proximité dans un contexte to... more L'approche proposée consisteà comparer puisà classer des mesures de proximité dans un contexte topologique afin de sélectionner la meilleure mesure en vue d'effectuer une analyse des correspondances topologique. Les mesures de similarité jouent un rôle important dans de nombreux domaines de l'analyse des données. Les résultats de toute opération de classification ou de classement d'objets dépendent fortement de la mesure de proximité utilisée. Basées sur la notion de graphes de voisinage, certaines mesures de proximité sont plus ou moinséquivalentes. Un indice d'quivalence topologique entre deux mesures de proximité est défini dans le cadre de l'association entre deux variables qualitatives. Un exemple sur données réelles illustre cette mthode. Mots-clés. Mesure de proximité, graphe de voisinage, matrice d'adjacence,équivalence topologique, association et indépendance.

Purpose - A growing body of research has addressed the relationship between CSR and innovation. H... more Purpose - A growing body of research has addressed the relationship between CSR and innovation. However, research on this relationship is still at an embryonic stage, and there is a need to better understand and further analyze the complex relationship within the specific context of SMEs, especially since innovation is seen as key to their survival and success. This paper proposes to address this gap in small business literature by studying the relationship between CSR practices and exploration and exploitation. It raises the following question: are SMEs that explore and exploit differently distinguished by the extent of their adoption of CSR practices? Literature - Indeed, we chose to rely not on innovation outputs themselves, but on exploration and exploitation activities (March 1991). The literature has suggested that exploitation may be positively related to incremental innovation performance, and exploration positively related to radical innovation performance (Atuahene-Gima 2005). In fact, radical and incremental innovations can be viewed as outputs of exploration and exploitation respectively (Bierly and Daly 2007). And yet, some authors have suggested that firms that adopt a CSR strategy may introduce innovations that are more incremental than radical (López-Pérez, Perez-Lopez, and Rodriguez-Ariza 2007). In this paper we consider CSR through environmental and human sustainability components; five dimensions were so retained: (1) workplace, (2) environmental policies, (3) market policies, (4) communities policies and (5) company values (see European Commission, 2005). Thus, one may suggest that firms with different CSR practices (in terms of environmental and social practices) explore and exploit differently: SMEs that intensively adopt CSR practices may focus more on exploitation than on exploration. Methodology - A questionnaire was administered to CEOs of firms in the French region Rhône-Alpes. Our final sample includes 488 SMEs located in this region. Statistical analyzes based on a methodological chain of data analysis methods are used to identify homogeneous groups of SMEs with respect to their activities of exploitation and exploration, then to analyze the potential effects of a set of CSR practices on these innovation activities. So, we first classified the firms according to their innovation activities which allowed us to distinguish and identify four groups of firms: "exploitation", "exploration", "exploitation and exploration" and "neither exploitation, nor exploration". We then conducted a detailed statistical description of the contents of each group from "standard" characteristics and CSR practices. Finally, a barycentric discriminant analysis was performed to identify CSR practices that differentiate and well separate these groups. Results and implications - Our findings confirm that not all CSR practices lead to innovation activities, justifying the need to take into account the nature of involved practices. We indeed find that the low adoption of a range of CSR practices is typical of firms in the "exploration" group, while the "exploitation" group is characterized by a higher effort to develop CSR practices, however few in number. Furthermore, the results show that the high adoption of a large range of CSR practices is related to firms in the "exploration and exploitation" group. In fact, while the group of "exploitation and exploration" is more similar to profile "exploration" when considering only innovation activities, it is more similar to profile "exploitation" when considering the CSR practices adopted by SMEs

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 22, 2023

The objective of this paper is to propose a topological approach of clustering in evolutionary da... more The objective of this paper is to propose a topological approach of clustering in evolutionary data analysis. We are interested in clustering resulting from exploratory methods of joint analysis of several data tables, methods applied more particularly to temporal data. The clustering is one of the most widely used approaches to exploring multidimensional data. The two common unsupervised clustering strategies are Hierarchical Ascending Clustering (HAC) and k-means partitioning used to identify groups of similar objects in a dataset to divide it into homogeneous groups. The proposed approach, called Topological Clustering on Evolutionary Data (TCED), is based on the notion of neighborhood graphs in an evolutionary data context. It makes it possible to simultaneously explore several tables of data collected at different times on the same individual-rows, the variables possibly being different according to the tables considered. The columns-variables of each table are more-or-less correlated or linked according to whether the variable type. It analyzes in each table the structure of the correlations or associations observed between the variables according to their quantitative, qualitative type or a mixture of both. The proposed TCED approach is presented and illustrated here using a real dataset with quantitative variables. Its results are compared with those resulting from the unsupervised clustering on evolutionary data analysis methods: Multiple Factorial Analysis (MFA) and Structure of Tables with Three Statistical Indexes (STATIS).

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 6, 2022

The clustering of objects-individuals is one of the most widely used approaches to exploring mult... more The clustering of objects-individuals is one of the most widely used approaches to exploring multidimensional data. The two common unsupervised clustering strategies are Hierarchical Ascending Clustering (HAC) and k-means partitioning used to identify groups of similar objects in a dataset to divide it into homogeneous groups. The proposed Topological Clustering of Individuals, or TCI, studies a homogeneous set of individual rows of a data table, based on the notion of neighborhood graphs; the columns-variables are more-or-less correlated or linked according to whether the variable is of a quantitative or qualitative type. It enables topological analysis of the clustering of individual variables which can be quantitative, qualitative or a mixture of the two. It first analyzes the correlations or associations observed between the variables in a topological context of principal component analysis (PCA) or multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), depending on the type of variable, then classifies individuals into homogeneous group, relative to the structure of the variables considered. The proposed TCI method is presented and illustrated here using a real dataset with quantitative variables, but it can also be applied with qualitative or mixed variables.

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2013

The Springer series on demographic methods and population analysis, 2023

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 30, 2011

In many application domains, the choice of a proximity measure directly affects the resulting dat... more In many application domains, the choice of a proximity measure directly affects the resulting data mining methods in the clustering, comparison or structuring of a set of objects. Generally, the user is obliged to choose one proximity measure among many existing ones. According to the notion of equivalence, like the one based on pre-ordering, some of the proximity measures are more or less equivalent, which means that they produce, more or less, the same results. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to comparing proximity measures. This approach is based on topological equivalence which exploits the concept of local neighbors. It defines equivalence between two proximity measures as having the same neighborhood structure on the objects. We illustrate our approach upon thirty-six proximity measures used with continuous and binary attributes. Property 1. Let f be a strictly monotonic function of R + in R + , u i and u j two proximity measures such as: u i (x, y) → f (u i (x, y)) = u j (x, y) then,

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1990

Cahiers d'économie et sociologie rurales, 2004

d'emplois. Une politique publique de l'emploi à l'échelle nationale par la création ou la reprise... more d'emplois. Une politique publique de l'emploi à l'échelle nationale par la création ou la reprise d'entreprises aurait a priori à court terme plus d'effets positifs en levant préférentiellement les contraintes sur les repreneurs même si elle ne concourrait pas nécessairement à la découverte et à l'exploitation de nouveaux marchés, de nouveaux produits… qui sont plutôt l'apanage des créateurs ex-nihilo. Mots-clés : Créateur/repreneur d'entreprises, emplois, régions, méthodes d'analyse des données

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2007

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

Environmental Modeling & Assessment, Apr 4, 2022

Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global... more Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global warming. The European Climate Energy Package is an ambitious plan which drives the trajectories of European countries in three directions: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. This article is original in that it considers the three targets together using multidimensional data analysis methods, a methodology which makes it possible to propose temporal and spatial typologies for the energy transition of European countries over the period 2000-2019. Results show evidence of a gradual transition over three sub-periods towards a more environmentally conscious economy. Four distinct types of energy transition profiles are identified, highlighting the contrasting performances of EU Members in terms of energy transition. In particular, some economically more advanced countries, namely Germany, Ireland, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, are lagging in achieving their targets. Finally, discriminant analyses suggest that economic performance, trade performance, innovation system and policy mix design have been particularly effective in promoting energy transition over the period 2000-2019, while only innovation system helps to explain the contrasting results observed at country level over that time.

Applied Economics, Jun 24, 2014

The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of women's entrepreneurship in the in... more The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of women's entrepreneurship in the informal sector in Dakar (Senegal). It aims mainly at a better knowledge of women's involvement in economic activities through the informal sector. The paper does this in three ways: first, by defining the informal sector and the female entrepreneur through a literature review; second, by adapting theoretical models in entrepreneurship to the Senegalese informal sector and by defining the concept of entrepreneurial culture ; third, by making a discriminating factorial analysis and a barycentric analysis, based on primary data collected from 153 women in Dakar, to describe a woman's belonging to a category of creation: creation in the formal or large informal sector, creation in the small informal sector and noncreation. The results show that the woman entrepreneurial activity from one sector to another depends on her human, social and cultural capital and confirm the importance of social capital in the female entrepreneurship of the developing countries where the informal sector is highly developed.

Springer eBooks, Nov 8, 2010

We investigate whether the characteristics of Leveraged Buy-Out (LBO) targets before the deal dif... more We investigate whether the characteristics of Leveraged Buy-Out (LBO) targets before the deal differ from those of targets that have undergone another type of transfer of shares. Specifically, we examine the size, value, industry, quotation and profitability of French targets involved in transfers of shares between 1996 and 2004. Using two different methods (a classical logit regression and a mixed

Research Square (Research Square), May 11, 2021

Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global... more Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global warming. An ambitious plan "The European Climate Energy Package" drives trajectories of European countries in three directions: reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), increasing the share of renewable energy and improving energy e ciency. Considering the three targets together and using multidimensional data analysis methods constitutes the originality of the article, the methodology used makes it possible to propose temporal and spatial typologies of the energy transition of European countries over the period 2000-2015. Results show evidence of a gradual transition over three sub-periods towards a more environmentally conscious economy. Results highlight the backwardness of the great Western European countries in achieving the goals assigned to them. Finally, discriminant analyses suggest that policy mix design and innovation system are the key drivers of the energy transition over the sub-period 2011-2015. However, they do not contribute to discriminate the contrasted performances between countries on the same sub-period.

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Nov 1, 2014

The aim of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries over the period 19... more The aim of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries over the period 1999-2012 in order to make a distinction between economies that are more or less entrepreneurial. A combined use of multidimensional and evolutive data analysis methods is used with variables pertaining to entrepreneurial activity and growth. It allows us to distinguish several types of development. Furthermore, three main periods are found, before, during and after the crisis. The pre-crisis period, from 1999 to 2008, was a period of growth favorable to entrepreneurship while the sub-period 2010-2012 is less favorable. The effects of the financial crisis are noticeable after a delay in 2009. We show that in 2009, the agricultural economies have best withstood the financial crisis. Secondly, during the period 2010-2012 after the crisis, economies widely dependent on the financial sector were most impacted by the financial crisis. Because of the financial crisis, the entrepreneurial dynamics vary greatly across countries over the period 1999-2012, however we were able to establish common trajectories for a number of them.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2014

We study the relationships between unemployment rate and new-firm startups rate in France using a... more We study the relationships between unemployment rate and new-firm startups rate in France using a quarterly data basis over the 1993-2011 period. At the national level we identify that the refugee effect explains the dynamics of entrepreneurship in France over the period 2000-2011. New French firms are mostly set up for necessity motives. At the regional level data analysis methods allow to obtain different classes of regions that represent different type of developments. For each of these classes we are able to identify the existence of refugee/Schumpeter effects both in the short-run and in the long-run.

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2018

Cet article vise principalement à mieux comprendre la participation des femmes aux activités entr... more Cet article vise principalement à mieux comprendre la participation des femmes aux activités entrepreneuriales de la région de Dakar. À partir de modèles théoriques bien connus, nous créons le modèle de l'entrepreneure sénégalaise en mettant l'accent sur la culture entrepreneuriale. Des méthodes d'analyse de données multidimensionnelles, à partir de données primaires collectées auprès de 153 femmes entrepreneures, nous permettent de créer des typologies supervisées de l'entrepreneuriat féminin selon les secteurs (formel, informel). Les résultats montrent que la création dépend du capital humain, social et culturel de l'entrepreneure, et confirment l'importance du capital social dans l'entrepreneuriat féminin des pays en développement.

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 1, 2017

The aim of this contribution is to establish a typology of European entrepreneurship countries wi... more The aim of this contribution is to establish a typology of European entrepreneurship countries with respect to variables related to entrepreneurial activity and economic development. Using a combined use of multidimensional data analyses allows to extend the concept of "entrepreneurial regimes" proposed by Audretsch and Fritsch (2002) and leads to distinguish five entrepreneurial regimes. Moreover, in order to better characterize classes, a wide set of illustrative variables representative of national economic development, labour market functioning, formal and unformal institutional environment as well as variables specific to the entrepreneurial population are considered. Finally, discriminant analyzes show that the five explanatory themes that are considered (Innovation, Employment, Formal Institutions, Entrepreneurship and Governance) differentiate the classes and significantly explain the diversity of entrepreneurial regimes. These findings have important implications for the implementation of public policy in order to promote entrepreneurial activity and reduce unemployment. Résumé : L'objectif de cette contribution est d'établir une typologie de l'entrepreneuriat dans les pays européens en ce qui concerne les variables liées à l'activité entrepreneuriale et au développement économique. L'utilisation d'analyses combinées de données multidimensionnelles (ACP et CHA) permet d'étendre le concept de «régimes entrepreneuriaux» proposés par Audretsch et Fritsch (2002) et conduit à distinguer cinq régimes entrepreneuriaux. De plus, afin de mieux caractériser les classes, on considère un large éventail de variables illustratives représentatives du développement économique national, du fonctionnement du marché du travail, de l'environnement institutionnel formel et informel ainsi que de variables spécifiques à la population des nouvelles entreprises. Enfin, les analyses discriminantes montrent que les cinq thèmes explicatifs considérés (Innovation, Emploi, Institutions formelles, Entrepreneuriat et Gouvernance) différencient les classes et expliquent de manière significative la diversité des régimes entrepreneuriaux. Ces résultats ont des implications importantes pour la mise en oeuvre de la politique publique afin de promouvoir l'activité entrepreneuriale et de réduire le chômage.

Journal of appliedmath, Feb 7, 2024

The paper proposes a topological approach in order to explore several data tables simultaneously.... more The paper proposes a topological approach in order to explore several data tables simultaneously. These data tables of quantitative and/or qualitative variables measured on different homogeneous themes, collected from the same individuals. This approach, called topological analysis of multiple tables (TAMT), is based on the notion of neighborhood graphs in the context of a joint analysis of several data tables. It allows the simultaneous study of possible links between several thematic tables. The structure of the correlations or associations of the variables in each thematic table is analyzed according to the quantitative, qualitative, or mixed variables considered. Like multiple factorial analysis (MFA), the TAMT allows several tables of variables to be analyzed simultaneously, and to obtain results, in particular graphical representations, which make it possible to study the relationship between individuals, variables, and tables of data. These can also be tables of temporal data, collected at different times on the same individuals. The proposed TAMT approach is illustrated using real data associated with several different homogeneous themes. Its results are compared to those from the MFA method.

L'approche proposée consisteà comparer puisà classer des mesures de proximité dans un contexte to... more L'approche proposée consisteà comparer puisà classer des mesures de proximité dans un contexte topologique afin de sélectionner la meilleure mesure en vue d'effectuer une analyse des correspondances topologique. Les mesures de similarité jouent un rôle important dans de nombreux domaines de l'analyse des données. Les résultats de toute opération de classification ou de classement d'objets dépendent fortement de la mesure de proximité utilisée. Basées sur la notion de graphes de voisinage, certaines mesures de proximité sont plus ou moinséquivalentes. Un indice d'quivalence topologique entre deux mesures de proximité est défini dans le cadre de l'association entre deux variables qualitatives. Un exemple sur données réelles illustre cette mthode. Mots-clés. Mesure de proximité, graphe de voisinage, matrice d'adjacence,équivalence topologique, association et indépendance.

Purpose - A growing body of research has addressed the relationship between CSR and innovation. H... more Purpose - A growing body of research has addressed the relationship between CSR and innovation. However, research on this relationship is still at an embryonic stage, and there is a need to better understand and further analyze the complex relationship within the specific context of SMEs, especially since innovation is seen as key to their survival and success. This paper proposes to address this gap in small business literature by studying the relationship between CSR practices and exploration and exploitation. It raises the following question: are SMEs that explore and exploit differently distinguished by the extent of their adoption of CSR practices? Literature - Indeed, we chose to rely not on innovation outputs themselves, but on exploration and exploitation activities (March 1991). The literature has suggested that exploitation may be positively related to incremental innovation performance, and exploration positively related to radical innovation performance (Atuahene-Gima 2005). In fact, radical and incremental innovations can be viewed as outputs of exploration and exploitation respectively (Bierly and Daly 2007). And yet, some authors have suggested that firms that adopt a CSR strategy may introduce innovations that are more incremental than radical (López-Pérez, Perez-Lopez, and Rodriguez-Ariza 2007). In this paper we consider CSR through environmental and human sustainability components; five dimensions were so retained: (1) workplace, (2) environmental policies, (3) market policies, (4) communities policies and (5) company values (see European Commission, 2005). Thus, one may suggest that firms with different CSR practices (in terms of environmental and social practices) explore and exploit differently: SMEs that intensively adopt CSR practices may focus more on exploitation than on exploration. Methodology - A questionnaire was administered to CEOs of firms in the French region Rhône-Alpes. Our final sample includes 488 SMEs located in this region. Statistical analyzes based on a methodological chain of data analysis methods are used to identify homogeneous groups of SMEs with respect to their activities of exploitation and exploration, then to analyze the potential effects of a set of CSR practices on these innovation activities. So, we first classified the firms according to their innovation activities which allowed us to distinguish and identify four groups of firms: "exploitation", "exploration", "exploitation and exploration" and "neither exploitation, nor exploration". We then conducted a detailed statistical description of the contents of each group from "standard" characteristics and CSR practices. Finally, a barycentric discriminant analysis was performed to identify CSR practices that differentiate and well separate these groups. Results and implications - Our findings confirm that not all CSR practices lead to innovation activities, justifying the need to take into account the nature of involved practices. We indeed find that the low adoption of a range of CSR practices is typical of firms in the "exploration" group, while the "exploitation" group is characterized by a higher effort to develop CSR practices, however few in number. Furthermore, the results show that the high adoption of a large range of CSR practices is related to firms in the "exploration and exploitation" group. In fact, while the group of "exploitation and exploration" is more similar to profile "exploration" when considering only innovation activities, it is more similar to profile "exploitation" when considering the CSR practices adopted by SMEs

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 22, 2023

The objective of this paper is to propose a topological approach of clustering in evolutionary da... more The objective of this paper is to propose a topological approach of clustering in evolutionary data analysis. We are interested in clustering resulting from exploratory methods of joint analysis of several data tables, methods applied more particularly to temporal data. The clustering is one of the most widely used approaches to exploring multidimensional data. The two common unsupervised clustering strategies are Hierarchical Ascending Clustering (HAC) and k-means partitioning used to identify groups of similar objects in a dataset to divide it into homogeneous groups. The proposed approach, called Topological Clustering on Evolutionary Data (TCED), is based on the notion of neighborhood graphs in an evolutionary data context. It makes it possible to simultaneously explore several tables of data collected at different times on the same individual-rows, the variables possibly being different according to the tables considered. The columns-variables of each table are more-or-less correlated or linked according to whether the variable type. It analyzes in each table the structure of the correlations or associations observed between the variables according to their quantitative, qualitative type or a mixture of both. The proposed TCED approach is presented and illustrated here using a real dataset with quantitative variables. Its results are compared with those resulting from the unsupervised clustering on evolutionary data analysis methods: Multiple Factorial Analysis (MFA) and Structure of Tables with Three Statistical Indexes (STATIS).

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Nov 6, 2022

The clustering of objects-individuals is one of the most widely used approaches to exploring mult... more The clustering of objects-individuals is one of the most widely used approaches to exploring multidimensional data. The two common unsupervised clustering strategies are Hierarchical Ascending Clustering (HAC) and k-means partitioning used to identify groups of similar objects in a dataset to divide it into homogeneous groups. The proposed Topological Clustering of Individuals, or TCI, studies a homogeneous set of individual rows of a data table, based on the notion of neighborhood graphs; the columns-variables are more-or-less correlated or linked according to whether the variable is of a quantitative or qualitative type. It enables topological analysis of the clustering of individual variables which can be quantitative, qualitative or a mixture of the two. It first analyzes the correlations or associations observed between the variables in a topological context of principal component analysis (PCA) or multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), depending on the type of variable, then classifies individuals into homogeneous group, relative to the structure of the variables considered. The proposed TCI method is presented and illustrated here using a real dataset with quantitative variables, but it can also be applied with qualitative or mixed variables.

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2013

The Springer series on demographic methods and population analysis, 2023

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Aug 30, 2011

In many application domains, the choice of a proximity measure directly affects the resulting dat... more In many application domains, the choice of a proximity measure directly affects the resulting data mining methods in the clustering, comparison or structuring of a set of objects. Generally, the user is obliged to choose one proximity measure among many existing ones. According to the notion of equivalence, like the one based on pre-ordering, some of the proximity measures are more or less equivalent, which means that they produce, more or less, the same results. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to comparing proximity measures. This approach is based on topological equivalence which exploits the concept of local neighbors. It defines equivalence between two proximity measures as having the same neighborhood structure on the objects. We illustrate our approach upon thirty-six proximity measures used with continuous and binary attributes. Property 1. Let f be a strictly monotonic function of R + in R + , u i and u j two proximity measures such as: u i (x, y) → f (u i (x, y)) = u j (x, y) then,

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 1990

Cahiers d'économie et sociologie rurales, 2004

d'emplois. Une politique publique de l'emploi à l'échelle nationale par la création ou la reprise... more d'emplois. Une politique publique de l'emploi à l'échelle nationale par la création ou la reprise d'entreprises aurait a priori à court terme plus d'effets positifs en levant préférentiellement les contraintes sur les repreneurs même si elle ne concourrait pas nécessairement à la découverte et à l'exploitation de nouveaux marchés, de nouveaux produits… qui sont plutôt l'apanage des créateurs ex-nihilo. Mots-clés : Créateur/repreneur d'entreprises, emplois, régions, méthodes d'analyse des données

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2007

HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific re... more HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.

Environmental Modeling & Assessment, Apr 4, 2022

Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global... more Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global warming. The European Climate Energy Package is an ambitious plan which drives the trajectories of European countries in three directions: reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing the share of renewable energy and improving energy efficiency. This article is original in that it considers the three targets together using multidimensional data analysis methods, a methodology which makes it possible to propose temporal and spatial typologies for the energy transition of European countries over the period 2000-2019. Results show evidence of a gradual transition over three sub-periods towards a more environmentally conscious economy. Four distinct types of energy transition profiles are identified, highlighting the contrasting performances of EU Members in terms of energy transition. In particular, some economically more advanced countries, namely Germany, Ireland, Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands, are lagging in achieving their targets. Finally, discriminant analyses suggest that economic performance, trade performance, innovation system and policy mix design have been particularly effective in promoting energy transition over the period 2000-2019, while only innovation system helps to explain the contrasting results observed at country level over that time.

Applied Economics, Jun 24, 2014

The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.

The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of women's entrepreneurship in the in... more The purpose of this paper is to understand the determinants of women's entrepreneurship in the informal sector in Dakar (Senegal). It aims mainly at a better knowledge of women's involvement in economic activities through the informal sector. The paper does this in three ways: first, by defining the informal sector and the female entrepreneur through a literature review; second, by adapting theoretical models in entrepreneurship to the Senegalese informal sector and by defining the concept of entrepreneurial culture ; third, by making a discriminating factorial analysis and a barycentric analysis, based on primary data collected from 153 women in Dakar, to describe a woman's belonging to a category of creation: creation in the formal or large informal sector, creation in the small informal sector and noncreation. The results show that the woman entrepreneurial activity from one sector to another depends on her human, social and cultural capital and confirm the importance of social capital in the female entrepreneurship of the developing countries where the informal sector is highly developed.

Springer eBooks, Nov 8, 2010

We investigate whether the characteristics of Leveraged Buy-Out (LBO) targets before the deal dif... more We investigate whether the characteristics of Leveraged Buy-Out (LBO) targets before the deal differ from those of targets that have undergone another type of transfer of shares. Specifically, we examine the size, value, industry, quotation and profitability of French targets involved in transfers of shares between 1996 and 2004. Using two different methods (a classical logit regression and a mixed

Research Square (Research Square), May 11, 2021

Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global... more Environmental issues have become a major concern for policymakers faced with the threat of global warming. An ambitious plan "The European Climate Energy Package" drives trajectories of European countries in three directions: reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), increasing the share of renewable energy and improving energy e ciency. Considering the three targets together and using multidimensional data analysis methods constitutes the originality of the article, the methodology used makes it possible to propose temporal and spatial typologies of the energy transition of European countries over the period 2000-2015. Results show evidence of a gradual transition over three sub-periods towards a more environmentally conscious economy. Results highlight the backwardness of the great Western European countries in achieving the goals assigned to them. Finally, discriminant analyses suggest that policy mix design and innovation system are the key drivers of the energy transition over the sub-period 2011-2015. However, they do not contribute to discriminate the contrasted performances between countries on the same sub-period.

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Nov 1, 2014

The aim of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries over the period 19... more The aim of this paper is to analyze entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries over the period 1999-2012 in order to make a distinction between economies that are more or less entrepreneurial. A combined use of multidimensional and evolutive data analysis methods is used with variables pertaining to entrepreneurial activity and growth. It allows us to distinguish several types of development. Furthermore, three main periods are found, before, during and after the crisis. The pre-crisis period, from 1999 to 2008, was a period of growth favorable to entrepreneurship while the sub-period 2010-2012 is less favorable. The effects of the financial crisis are noticeable after a delay in 2009. We show that in 2009, the agricultural economies have best withstood the financial crisis. Secondly, during the period 2010-2012 after the crisis, economies widely dependent on the financial sector were most impacted by the financial crisis. Because of the financial crisis, the entrepreneurial dynamics vary greatly across countries over the period 1999-2012, however we were able to establish common trajectories for a number of them.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2014

We study the relationships between unemployment rate and new-firm startups rate in France using a... more We study the relationships between unemployment rate and new-firm startups rate in France using a quarterly data basis over the 1993-2011 period. At the national level we identify that the refugee effect explains the dynamics of entrepreneurship in France over the period 2000-2011. New French firms are mostly set up for necessity motives. At the regional level data analysis methods allow to obtain different classes of regions that represent different type of developments. For each of these classes we are able to identify the existence of refugee/Schumpeter effects both in the short-run and in the long-run.

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2018

Cet article vise principalement à mieux comprendre la participation des femmes aux activités entr... more Cet article vise principalement à mieux comprendre la participation des femmes aux activités entrepreneuriales de la région de Dakar. À partir de modèles théoriques bien connus, nous créons le modèle de l'entrepreneure sénégalaise en mettant l'accent sur la culture entrepreneuriale. Des méthodes d'analyse de données multidimensionnelles, à partir de données primaires collectées auprès de 153 femmes entrepreneures, nous permettent de créer des typologies supervisées de l'entrepreneuriat féminin selon les secteurs (formel, informel). Les résultats montrent que la création dépend du capital humain, social et culturel de l'entrepreneure, et confirment l'importance du capital social dans l'entrepreneuriat féminin des pays en développement.

RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, Oct 1, 2017

The aim of this contribution is to establish a typology of European entrepreneurship countries wi... more The aim of this contribution is to establish a typology of European entrepreneurship countries with respect to variables related to entrepreneurial activity and economic development. Using a combined use of multidimensional data analyses allows to extend the concept of "entrepreneurial regimes" proposed by Audretsch and Fritsch (2002) and leads to distinguish five entrepreneurial regimes. Moreover, in order to better characterize classes, a wide set of illustrative variables representative of national economic development, labour market functioning, formal and unformal institutional environment as well as variables specific to the entrepreneurial population are considered. Finally, discriminant analyzes show that the five explanatory themes that are considered (Innovation, Employment, Formal Institutions, Entrepreneurship and Governance) differentiate the classes and significantly explain the diversity of entrepreneurial regimes. These findings have important implications for the implementation of public policy in order to promote entrepreneurial activity and reduce unemployment. Résumé : L'objectif de cette contribution est d'établir une typologie de l'entrepreneuriat dans les pays européens en ce qui concerne les variables liées à l'activité entrepreneuriale et au développement économique. L'utilisation d'analyses combinées de données multidimensionnelles (ACP et CHA) permet d'étendre le concept de «régimes entrepreneuriaux» proposés par Audretsch et Fritsch (2002) et conduit à distinguer cinq régimes entrepreneuriaux. De plus, afin de mieux caractériser les classes, on considère un large éventail de variables illustratives représentatives du développement économique national, du fonctionnement du marché du travail, de l'environnement institutionnel formel et informel ainsi que de variables spécifiques à la population des nouvelles entreprises. Enfin, les analyses discriminantes montrent que les cinq thèmes explicatifs considérés (Innovation, Emploi, Institutions formelles, Entrepreneuriat et Gouvernance) différencient les classes et expliquent de manière significative la diversité des régimes entrepreneuriaux. Ces résultats ont des implications importantes pour la mise en oeuvre de la politique publique afin de promouvoir l'activité entrepreneuriale et de réduire le chômage.