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Papers by Rozenn Bailleul-LeSuer

Journal of the American Oriental Society

Ritual Employs of Birds in Ancient Syria-Palestine. By Giuseppe Minunno. Alter Orient und Altes T... more Ritual Employs of Birds in Ancient Syria-Palestine. By Giuseppe Minunno. Alter Orient und Altes Testament, vol. 402. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2013. Pp. 165. €64.

Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago eBooks, 2012

Preface jAck green chief curAtor, orientAl institute museum I will be the first to admit that I a... more Preface jAck green chief curAtor, orientAl institute museum I will be the first to admit that I am not a "bird person," a label which has circulated numerous times during discussions and planning for this special exhibit and catalog. Yet during the course of working with guest curator Rozenn Bailleul-LeSuer, I have come to greatly appreciate and understand birds more than I could have imagined, especially given their significance and rich symbolism within ancient Egypt. One of the most important parts played in the preparation of this exhibit has been the innovative and thorough research conducted by Rozenn and a range of contributors. This has resulted in the publication of many objects from this exhibit for the very first time, providing important new insights on objects that may be more familiar to us. An exciting and important aspect of this research has been the contribution of specialist knowledge about birds themselves. Most Egyptologists are not ornithologists, and vice versa, so researchers possessed with knowledge of bird behavior, physical characteristics, habitats, and migration patterns can help to decode and better understand the myriad ways in which birds were perceived and represented by ancient Egyptians. What is particularly striking is the great attention to detail that artists and scribes applied in some of their representationsindicating perhaps much closer relationships with the natural world in the past (however idealized), than we might appreciate in today's industrialized and environmentally compromised world. Many people helped to bring this exhibit and catalog to fruition. In addition to new research and editing conducted by Rozenn, over twenty authors contributed to the essays and catalog entries in this volume, several of whom are based at the University of Chicago within the Oriental Institute and the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (NELC). Colleagues at several museums assisted us with loans, which have helped enhance this exhibit with some quite exceptional objects: We thank

Birds were symbolically and pragmatically incorporated into the lives of ancient Egyptians in mul... more Birds were symbolically and pragmatically incorporated into the lives of ancient Egyptians in multiple ways. During the entire span of Pharaonic history they appeared as necessary offerings to appease both the gods and the deceased residing in the Underworld. They also served the needs of the living in the form of proteins, fat, and feathers. This dissertation evaluates how the ancient Egyptians fulfilled these needs for avian products, focusing specifically on the management strategies implemented to acquire birds and to maintain them alive in captivity prior to their final journey to the slaughterhouse and the poulterer’s shop. After a brief overview of the biogeography and avifauna of Egypt, the first section of this dissertation examines the capture of wildfowl, in particular the techniques designed to trap live birds. Analysis of the faunal remains recovered both in domestic and cultic contexts provide insight into the types of feathered game targeted by ancient Egyptians. Each category of birds – waterfowl, quails, perching birds, and ostriches – required different equipment and expertise. To fully exploit these avian resources, often encountered in the marginal lands bordering the Nile Valley, the central administration from the Old Kingdom onwards placed high officials in charge of overseeing the activities of the men employed in these areas, including the fowlers known as wHa.w Apd.w. After falling prey to these fowlers, live birds were gathered into crates and transported to farmyards. The second section of this research project further investigates how institutions, such as temples and large elite estates, managed to keep birds in captivity. A sizable main-d’oeuvre was needed to tend to the welfare of the captive fowl, from the staff in charge of delivering the feed to the administrators keeping track of the grain poured into the enclosures. In order to gain better control over these avian resources, aviculturists attempted to establish captive breeding programs during the Old Kingdom and ultimately managed to domesticate the goose by the New Kingdom. Notwithstanding the scarcity of Information concerning the presence of and value placed on birds in a village setting in Pharaonic Egypt, a model of household poultry husbandry is proposed, which in part relies on ethnographic data collected in 19th and 20th century rural Egypt. Part 3 of the dissertation acts as an epilogue to this study and presents the changes observed in bird management after the conquest of Alexander the Great. In Greco-Roman Egypt, new birds rose to prominence in bird farms, both in private and temple settings. The chicken became a most valuable resource, especially for its eggs, a commodity rarely mentioned in the record of Dynastic Egypt. In addition to barnyard birds, fowlers and aviculturists developed new techniques to trap and maintain in captivity a different category of temple birds, namely falcons and sacred ibises, destined to serve the needs of Sacred Bird Cults in the form of mummies.

Animals and the Law in Antiquity, 2021

The collection of animal mummies held in the Musée des Confluences, Lyon, is undeniably an except... more The collection of animal mummies held in the Musée des Confluences, Lyon, is undeniably an exceptional resource for the study of the ancient Egyptian sacred animal cults, in particular the various cults involving the mummification of birds of prey. The remains of a wide variety of raptors – falcons, hawks, kites, buzzards, eagles, and vultures – feature prominently in this collection in the form of approximately 600 wrapped and unwrapped specimens, representing a quarter of the mummified animals in Lyon. For the first time since their acquisition by the museum, this large dataset of Egyptian raptorial remains is considered as a whole as part of the MAHES research project. The first stage of the project consists of revisiting the skeletal remains originally examined by L. Lortet and C. Gaillard, two pioneers in the study of the ancient Egyptian fauna. Their findings will be updated in view of the current knowledge of ornithological taxonomy and avian distributions. Another major comp...

The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, 2021

The American Archivist, 2019

They are among the most famous and compelling photographs ever made in archaeology: Howard Carter... more They are among the most famous and compelling photographs ever made in archaeology: Howard Carter kneeling before the burial shrines of Tutankhamun; life-size statues of the boy king on guard beside a doorway, tantalizingly sealed, in his tomb; or a solid gold coffin still draped with flowers cut more than 3,300 years ago. Yet until now, no study has explored the ways in which photography helped mythologize the tomb of Tutankhamun, nor the role photography played in shaping archaeological methods and interpretations, both in and beyond the field. This book undertakes the first critical analysis of the photographic archive formed during the ten-year clearance of the tomb, and in doing so explores the interface between photography and archaeology at a pivotal time for both. Photographing Tutankhamun foregrounds photography as a material, technical, and social process in early 20th-century archaeology, in order to question how the photograph made and remade 'ancient Egypt' in the waning age of colonial order.

Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 2012

Preface jAck green chief curAtor, orientAl institute museum I will be the first to admit that I a... more Preface jAck green chief curAtor, orientAl institute museum I will be the first to admit that I am not a "bird person," a label which has circulated numerous times during discussions and planning for this special exhibit and catalog. Yet during the course of working with guest curator Rozenn Bailleul-LeSuer, I have come to greatly appreciate and understand birds more than I could have imagined, especially given their significance and rich symbolism within ancient Egypt. One of the most important parts played in the preparation of this exhibit has been the innovative and thorough research conducted by Rozenn and a range of contributors. This has resulted in the publication of many objects from this exhibit for the very first time, providing important new insights on objects that may be more familiar to us. An exciting and important aspect of this research has been the contribution of specialist knowledge about birds themselves. Most Egyptologists are not ornithologists, and vice versa, so researchers possessed with knowledge of bird behavior, physical characteristics, habitats, and migration patterns can help to decode and better understand the myriad ways in which birds were perceived and represented by ancient Egyptians. What is particularly striking is the great attention to detail that artists and scribes applied in some of their representationsindicating perhaps much closer relationships with the natural world in the past (however idealized), than we might appreciate in today's industrialized and environmentally compromised world. Many people helped to bring this exhibit and catalog to fruition. In addition to new research and editing conducted by Rozenn, over twenty authors contributed to the essays and catalog entries in this volume, several of whom are based at the University of Chicago within the Oriental Institute and the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (NELC). Colleagues at several museums assisted us with loans, which have helped enhance this exhibit with some quite exceptional objects: We thank

Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2014

The work presented in this article was performed at the Oriental Institute at the University of C... more The work presented in this article was performed at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago, on objects from their permanent collection: an ancient Egyptian bird mummy and three ancient Sumerian corroded copper-alloy objects. We used a portable, fiber-coupled terahertz time-domain spectroscopic imaging system, which allowed us to measure specimens in both transmission and reflection geometry, and present time-and frequency-based image modes. The results confirm earlier evidence that terahertz imaging can provide complementary information to that obtainable from x-ray CT scans of mummies, giving better visualisation of low density regions. In addition, we demonstrate that terahertz imaging can distinguish mineralized layers in metal artifacts.

Journal of the American Oriental Society

Ritual Employs of Birds in Ancient Syria-Palestine. By Giuseppe Minunno. Alter Orient und Altes T... more Ritual Employs of Birds in Ancient Syria-Palestine. By Giuseppe Minunno. Alter Orient und Altes Testament, vol. 402. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 2013. Pp. 165. €64.

Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago eBooks, 2012

Preface jAck green chief curAtor, orientAl institute museum I will be the first to admit that I a... more Preface jAck green chief curAtor, orientAl institute museum I will be the first to admit that I am not a "bird person," a label which has circulated numerous times during discussions and planning for this special exhibit and catalog. Yet during the course of working with guest curator Rozenn Bailleul-LeSuer, I have come to greatly appreciate and understand birds more than I could have imagined, especially given their significance and rich symbolism within ancient Egypt. One of the most important parts played in the preparation of this exhibit has been the innovative and thorough research conducted by Rozenn and a range of contributors. This has resulted in the publication of many objects from this exhibit for the very first time, providing important new insights on objects that may be more familiar to us. An exciting and important aspect of this research has been the contribution of specialist knowledge about birds themselves. Most Egyptologists are not ornithologists, and vice versa, so researchers possessed with knowledge of bird behavior, physical characteristics, habitats, and migration patterns can help to decode and better understand the myriad ways in which birds were perceived and represented by ancient Egyptians. What is particularly striking is the great attention to detail that artists and scribes applied in some of their representationsindicating perhaps much closer relationships with the natural world in the past (however idealized), than we might appreciate in today's industrialized and environmentally compromised world. Many people helped to bring this exhibit and catalog to fruition. In addition to new research and editing conducted by Rozenn, over twenty authors contributed to the essays and catalog entries in this volume, several of whom are based at the University of Chicago within the Oriental Institute and the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (NELC). Colleagues at several museums assisted us with loans, which have helped enhance this exhibit with some quite exceptional objects: We thank

Birds were symbolically and pragmatically incorporated into the lives of ancient Egyptians in mul... more Birds were symbolically and pragmatically incorporated into the lives of ancient Egyptians in multiple ways. During the entire span of Pharaonic history they appeared as necessary offerings to appease both the gods and the deceased residing in the Underworld. They also served the needs of the living in the form of proteins, fat, and feathers. This dissertation evaluates how the ancient Egyptians fulfilled these needs for avian products, focusing specifically on the management strategies implemented to acquire birds and to maintain them alive in captivity prior to their final journey to the slaughterhouse and the poulterer’s shop. After a brief overview of the biogeography and avifauna of Egypt, the first section of this dissertation examines the capture of wildfowl, in particular the techniques designed to trap live birds. Analysis of the faunal remains recovered both in domestic and cultic contexts provide insight into the types of feathered game targeted by ancient Egyptians. Each category of birds – waterfowl, quails, perching birds, and ostriches – required different equipment and expertise. To fully exploit these avian resources, often encountered in the marginal lands bordering the Nile Valley, the central administration from the Old Kingdom onwards placed high officials in charge of overseeing the activities of the men employed in these areas, including the fowlers known as wHa.w Apd.w. After falling prey to these fowlers, live birds were gathered into crates and transported to farmyards. The second section of this research project further investigates how institutions, such as temples and large elite estates, managed to keep birds in captivity. A sizable main-d’oeuvre was needed to tend to the welfare of the captive fowl, from the staff in charge of delivering the feed to the administrators keeping track of the grain poured into the enclosures. In order to gain better control over these avian resources, aviculturists attempted to establish captive breeding programs during the Old Kingdom and ultimately managed to domesticate the goose by the New Kingdom. Notwithstanding the scarcity of Information concerning the presence of and value placed on birds in a village setting in Pharaonic Egypt, a model of household poultry husbandry is proposed, which in part relies on ethnographic data collected in 19th and 20th century rural Egypt. Part 3 of the dissertation acts as an epilogue to this study and presents the changes observed in bird management after the conquest of Alexander the Great. In Greco-Roman Egypt, new birds rose to prominence in bird farms, both in private and temple settings. The chicken became a most valuable resource, especially for its eggs, a commodity rarely mentioned in the record of Dynastic Egypt. In addition to barnyard birds, fowlers and aviculturists developed new techniques to trap and maintain in captivity a different category of temple birds, namely falcons and sacred ibises, destined to serve the needs of Sacred Bird Cults in the form of mummies.

Animals and the Law in Antiquity, 2021

The collection of animal mummies held in the Musée des Confluences, Lyon, is undeniably an except... more The collection of animal mummies held in the Musée des Confluences, Lyon, is undeniably an exceptional resource for the study of the ancient Egyptian sacred animal cults, in particular the various cults involving the mummification of birds of prey. The remains of a wide variety of raptors – falcons, hawks, kites, buzzards, eagles, and vultures – feature prominently in this collection in the form of approximately 600 wrapped and unwrapped specimens, representing a quarter of the mummified animals in Lyon. For the first time since their acquisition by the museum, this large dataset of Egyptian raptorial remains is considered as a whole as part of the MAHES research project. The first stage of the project consists of revisiting the skeletal remains originally examined by L. Lortet and C. Gaillard, two pioneers in the study of the ancient Egyptian fauna. Their findings will be updated in view of the current knowledge of ornithological taxonomy and avian distributions. Another major comp...

The Encyclopedia of Ancient History, 2021

The American Archivist, 2019

They are among the most famous and compelling photographs ever made in archaeology: Howard Carter... more They are among the most famous and compelling photographs ever made in archaeology: Howard Carter kneeling before the burial shrines of Tutankhamun; life-size statues of the boy king on guard beside a doorway, tantalizingly sealed, in his tomb; or a solid gold coffin still draped with flowers cut more than 3,300 years ago. Yet until now, no study has explored the ways in which photography helped mythologize the tomb of Tutankhamun, nor the role photography played in shaping archaeological methods and interpretations, both in and beyond the field. This book undertakes the first critical analysis of the photographic archive formed during the ten-year clearance of the tomb, and in doing so explores the interface between photography and archaeology at a pivotal time for both. Photographing Tutankhamun foregrounds photography as a material, technical, and social process in early 20th-century archaeology, in order to question how the photograph made and remade 'ancient Egypt' in the waning age of colonial order.

Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 2012

Preface jAck green chief curAtor, orientAl institute museum I will be the first to admit that I a... more Preface jAck green chief curAtor, orientAl institute museum I will be the first to admit that I am not a "bird person," a label which has circulated numerous times during discussions and planning for this special exhibit and catalog. Yet during the course of working with guest curator Rozenn Bailleul-LeSuer, I have come to greatly appreciate and understand birds more than I could have imagined, especially given their significance and rich symbolism within ancient Egypt. One of the most important parts played in the preparation of this exhibit has been the innovative and thorough research conducted by Rozenn and a range of contributors. This has resulted in the publication of many objects from this exhibit for the very first time, providing important new insights on objects that may be more familiar to us. An exciting and important aspect of this research has been the contribution of specialist knowledge about birds themselves. Most Egyptologists are not ornithologists, and vice versa, so researchers possessed with knowledge of bird behavior, physical characteristics, habitats, and migration patterns can help to decode and better understand the myriad ways in which birds were perceived and represented by ancient Egyptians. What is particularly striking is the great attention to detail that artists and scribes applied in some of their representationsindicating perhaps much closer relationships with the natural world in the past (however idealized), than we might appreciate in today's industrialized and environmentally compromised world. Many people helped to bring this exhibit and catalog to fruition. In addition to new research and editing conducted by Rozenn, over twenty authors contributed to the essays and catalog entries in this volume, several of whom are based at the University of Chicago within the Oriental Institute and the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations (NELC). Colleagues at several museums assisted us with loans, which have helped enhance this exhibit with some quite exceptional objects: We thank

Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 2014

The work presented in this article was performed at the Oriental Institute at the University of C... more The work presented in this article was performed at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago, on objects from their permanent collection: an ancient Egyptian bird mummy and three ancient Sumerian corroded copper-alloy objects. We used a portable, fiber-coupled terahertz time-domain spectroscopic imaging system, which allowed us to measure specimens in both transmission and reflection geometry, and present time-and frequency-based image modes. The results confirm earlier evidence that terahertz imaging can provide complementary information to that obtainable from x-ray CT scans of mummies, giving better visualisation of low density regions. In addition, we demonstrate that terahertz imaging can distinguish mineralized layers in metal artifacts.