R. Corleo - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by R. Corleo
Many divers take prescribed, over the counter or even recreational drugs routinely or intermitten... more Many divers take prescribed, over the counter or even recreational drugs routinely or intermittently, despite the limited available information on the effects of drugs in diving conditions. In the hyperbaric context, drugs cannot only be considered in terms of their therapeutic effects at normobaric conditions. They should also be analysed with respect to the consequences of their possible side-effects in the underwater environment and with their interaction with gases at hyperbaric pressures. Studies of the effects of drugs on the physiological and psychological performance of the diver in the aquatic hyperbaric environment at conventional scuba depths have not been extensively carried out. This review collates the knowledge published to date of the effects of various pharmacological classes of drugs in diving conditions.
Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine
ABSTRACT Dysbaric Illness (DI) is a term that covers a broad range of complex pathophysiological ... more ABSTRACT Dysbaric Illness (DI) is a term that covers a broad range of complex pathophysiological conditions associated with decompression. Much of the actual etiology of DI remains unknown although the primary cause is believed to be the separation and/or the appearance of gas within the body, as result of decompression. Gas bubbles may originate from inert gas supersaturation or the traumatic injection of gas into the arterial circulation following pulmonary barotrauma. Their effects are multiple and manifestations of the condition are protean. This has led to the recommendation that any signs and symptoms, observed in individuals recently exposed to a reduction in environmental pressure, must be considered as being DI until proven otherwise. A high index of suspicion should be observed. Modern evidence-based medicine has offered mechanisms for the systematic evaluation of therapy and these have been applied to recompression and particularly adjunctive therapy for DI. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of understanding on DI and offers recommendations by the ECHM for the various methods of prevention and treatment
Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 ... more Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 msw (82 fsw).
A deep stop during decompression from 82 fsw (25 m) significantly reduces bubbles and fast tissue... more A deep stop during decompression from 82 fsw (25 m) significantly reduces bubbles and fast tissue gas tensions. Undersea Hyperb Med 2004; 31(2):233-243. In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers has changed very little. The success of stage, compared to linear ascents, is well described yet theoretical changes in decompression ratios have diminished the importance of fast tissue gas tensions as critical for bubble generation. The most serious signs and symptoms of DCS involve the spinal cord, with a tissue half time of only 12.5 minutes. It is proposed that present decompression schedules do not permit sufficient gas elimination from such fast tissues, resulting in bubble formation. Further, it is hypothesized that introduction of a deep stop will significantly reduce fast tissue bubble formation and neurological DCS risk. A total of 181 dives were made to 82 fsw (25 m) by 22 volunteers. Two dives of 25 min and 20 min were made, with a 3 hr 30 min surface interval and according to 8 different ascent protocols. Ascent rates of 10, 33 or 60 fsw/min (3, 10, 18 m/min) were combined with no stops or a shallow stop at 20 fsw (6 m) or a deep stop at 50 fsw (15 m) and a shallow at 20 fsw (6 m). The highest bubbles scores (8.78/9.97), using the Spencer Scale (SS) and Extended Spencer Scale (ESS) respectively, were with the slowest ascent rate. This also showed the highest 5 min and 10 min tissue loads of 48% and 75%. The lowest bubble scores (1.79/2.50) were with an ascent rate of 33 fsw (10 m/min) and stops for 5 min at 50 fsw (15 m) and 20 fsw (6 m). This also showed the lowest 5 and 10 min tissue loads at 25% and 52% respectively. Thus, introduction of a deep stop significantly reduced Doppler detected bubbles together with tissue gas tensions in the 5 and 10 min tissues, which has implications for reducing the incidence of neurological DCS in divers.
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 2004
Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 ... more Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 msw (82 fsw). Bennett PB, Marroni A, Cronje FJ, Cali-Corleo R, Germonpre P, Pieri M, Bonuccelli C, Leonardi MG, Balestra C. Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 msw (82 fsw). Undersea Hyperb Med 2007; 34(6):399-406. In our previous research, a deep 5-min stop at 15 msw (50 fsw), in addition to the typical 3-5 min shallow stop, significantly reduced precordial Doppler detectable bubbles (PDDB) and "fast" tissue compartment gas tensions during decompression from a 25 msw (82 fsw) dive; the optimal ascent rate was 10 msw (30 fsw/min). Since publication of these results, several recreational diving agencies have recommended empirical stop times shorter than the 5 min stops that we used, stops of as little as 1 min (deep) and 2 min (shallow). In our present study, we clarified the optimal time for stops by measuring PDDB wi...
Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine
... 36. Holbach KH, Wassmann H, Bonatelli AP. A method to identify and treat reversible alteratio... more ... 36. Holbach KH, Wassmann H, Bonatelli AP. A method to identify and treat reversible alterations of the brain tissue. ... J Laryngol Otol 2000;114(5):366-9. 50. Meca-Lallana JE, Martin JJ, Lucas C, et al. [Susac syndrome: clinical and diagnostic approach. A new case report]. ...
In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickne... more In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers has changed very little. The success of stage, compared to linear ascents, is well described yet theoretical changes in decompression ratios have diminished the importance of fast tissue gas tensions as critical for bubble generation. The most serious signs and symptoms of DCS involve the spinal cord, with a tissue half time of only 12.5 minutes. It is proposed that present decompression schedules do not permit sufficient gas elimination from such fast tissues, resulting in bubble formation. Further, it is hypothesized that introduction of a deep stop will significantly reduce fast tissue bubble formation and neurological DCS risk. A total of 181 dives were made to 82 fsw (25 m) by 22 volunteers. Two dives of 25 min and 20 min were made, with a 3 hr 30 min surface interval and according to 8 different ascent protocols. Ascent rates of 10, 33 or 60 fsw/min (3, 10,...
Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine, 2006
ABSTRACT
... Any person wishing to learn more about the College is invited to contact Professor Marroni or... more ... Any person wishing to learn more about the College is invited to contact Professor Marroni or Dr Cali-Corleo at the DAN Europe Foundation address: ... The diploma has been awarded to 4 new candidates, Drs David Vote, Lalith Ekanayake, Pauline Whyte and Mike Bennett. ...
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
In our previous research, a deep 5-min stop at 15 msw (50 fsw), in addition to the typical 3-5 mi... more In our previous research, a deep 5-min stop at 15 msw (50 fsw), in addition to the typical 3-5 min shallow stop, significantly reduced precordial Doppler detectable bubbles (PDDB) and "fast" tissue compartment gas tensions during decompression from a 25 msw (82 fsw) dive; the optimal ascent rate was 10 msw (30 fsw/min). Since publication of these results, several recreational diving agencies have recommended empirical stop times shorter than the 5 min stops that we used, stops of as little as 1 min (deep) and 2 min (shallow). In our present study, we clarified the optimal time for stops by measuring PDDB with several combinations of deep and shallow stop times following single and repetitive open-water dives to 25 msw (82 fsw) for 25 mins and 20 minutes respectively; ascent rate was 10 msw/min (33 fsw). Among 15 profiles, stop time ranged from 1 to 10 min for both the deep stops (15 msw/50 fsw) and the shallow stops (6 msw/20 fsw). Dives with 2 1/2 min deep stops yielded t...
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 2004
In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickne... more In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers has changed very little. The success of stage, compared to linear ascents, is well described yet theoretical changes in decompression ratios have diminished the importance of fast tissue gas tensions as critical for bubble generation. The most serious signs and symptoms of DCS involve the spinal cord, with a tissue half time of only 12.5 minutes. It is proposed that present decompression schedules do not permit sufficient gas elimination from such fast tissues, resulting in bubble formation. Further, it is hypothesized that introduction of a deep stop will significantly reduce fast tissue bubble formation and neurological DCS risk. A total of 181 dives were made to 82 fsw (25 m) by 22 volunteers. Two dives of 25 min and 20 min were made, with a 3 hr 30 min surface interval and according to 8 different ascent protocols. Ascent rates of 10, 33 or 60 fsw/min (3, 10,...
Malta Medical …, 2005
Many divers take prescribed, over the counter or even recreational drugs routinely or intermitten... more Many divers take prescribed, over the counter or even recreational drugs routinely or intermittently, despite the limited available information on the effects of drugs in diving conditions. In the hyperbaric context, drugs cannot only be considered in terms of their ...
Many divers take prescribed, over the counter or even recreational drugs routinely or intermitten... more Many divers take prescribed, over the counter or even recreational drugs routinely or intermittently, despite the limited available information on the effects of drugs in diving conditions. In the hyperbaric context, drugs cannot only be considered in terms of their therapeutic effects at normobaric conditions. They should also be analysed with respect to the consequences of their possible side-effects in the underwater environment and with their interaction with gases at hyperbaric pressures. Studies of the effects of drugs on the physiological and psychological performance of the diver in the aquatic hyperbaric environment at conventional scuba depths have not been extensively carried out. This review collates the knowledge published to date of the effects of various pharmacological classes of drugs in diving conditions.
Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine
ABSTRACT Dysbaric Illness (DI) is a term that covers a broad range of complex pathophysiological ... more ABSTRACT Dysbaric Illness (DI) is a term that covers a broad range of complex pathophysiological conditions associated with decompression. Much of the actual etiology of DI remains unknown although the primary cause is believed to be the separation and/or the appearance of gas within the body, as result of decompression. Gas bubbles may originate from inert gas supersaturation or the traumatic injection of gas into the arterial circulation following pulmonary barotrauma. Their effects are multiple and manifestations of the condition are protean. This has led to the recommendation that any signs and symptoms, observed in individuals recently exposed to a reduction in environmental pressure, must be considered as being DI until proven otherwise. A high index of suspicion should be observed. Modern evidence-based medicine has offered mechanisms for the systematic evaluation of therapy and these have been applied to recompression and particularly adjunctive therapy for DI. This chapter provides an overview of the current state of understanding on DI and offers recommendations by the ECHM for the various methods of prevention and treatment
Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 ... more Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 msw (82 fsw).
A deep stop during decompression from 82 fsw (25 m) significantly reduces bubbles and fast tissue... more A deep stop during decompression from 82 fsw (25 m) significantly reduces bubbles and fast tissue gas tensions. Undersea Hyperb Med 2004; 31(2):233-243. In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers has changed very little. The success of stage, compared to linear ascents, is well described yet theoretical changes in decompression ratios have diminished the importance of fast tissue gas tensions as critical for bubble generation. The most serious signs and symptoms of DCS involve the spinal cord, with a tissue half time of only 12.5 minutes. It is proposed that present decompression schedules do not permit sufficient gas elimination from such fast tissues, resulting in bubble formation. Further, it is hypothesized that introduction of a deep stop will significantly reduce fast tissue bubble formation and neurological DCS risk. A total of 181 dives were made to 82 fsw (25 m) by 22 volunteers. Two dives of 25 min and 20 min were made, with a 3 hr 30 min surface interval and according to 8 different ascent protocols. Ascent rates of 10, 33 or 60 fsw/min (3, 10, 18 m/min) were combined with no stops or a shallow stop at 20 fsw (6 m) or a deep stop at 50 fsw (15 m) and a shallow at 20 fsw (6 m). The highest bubbles scores (8.78/9.97), using the Spencer Scale (SS) and Extended Spencer Scale (ESS) respectively, were with the slowest ascent rate. This also showed the highest 5 min and 10 min tissue loads of 48% and 75%. The lowest bubble scores (1.79/2.50) were with an ascent rate of 33 fsw (10 m/min) and stops for 5 min at 50 fsw (15 m) and 20 fsw (6 m). This also showed the lowest 5 and 10 min tissue loads at 25% and 52% respectively. Thus, introduction of a deep stop significantly reduced Doppler detected bubbles together with tissue gas tensions in the 5 and 10 min tissues, which has implications for reducing the incidence of neurological DCS in divers.
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 2004
Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 ... more Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 msw (82 fsw). Bennett PB, Marroni A, Cronje FJ, Cali-Corleo R, Germonpre P, Pieri M, Bonuccelli C, Leonardi MG, Balestra C. Effect of varying deep stop times and shallow stop times on precordial bubbles after dives to 25 msw (82 fsw). Undersea Hyperb Med 2007; 34(6):399-406. In our previous research, a deep 5-min stop at 15 msw (50 fsw), in addition to the typical 3-5 min shallow stop, significantly reduced precordial Doppler detectable bubbles (PDDB) and "fast" tissue compartment gas tensions during decompression from a 25 msw (82 fsw) dive; the optimal ascent rate was 10 msw (30 fsw/min). Since publication of these results, several recreational diving agencies have recommended empirical stop times shorter than the 5 min stops that we used, stops of as little as 1 min (deep) and 2 min (shallow). In our present study, we clarified the optimal time for stops by measuring PDDB wi...
Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine
... 36. Holbach KH, Wassmann H, Bonatelli AP. A method to identify and treat reversible alteratio... more ... 36. Holbach KH, Wassmann H, Bonatelli AP. A method to identify and treat reversible alterations of the brain tissue. ... J Laryngol Otol 2000;114(5):366-9. 50. Meca-Lallana JE, Martin JJ, Lucas C, et al. [Susac syndrome: clinical and diagnostic approach. A new case report]. ...
In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickne... more In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers has changed very little. The success of stage, compared to linear ascents, is well described yet theoretical changes in decompression ratios have diminished the importance of fast tissue gas tensions as critical for bubble generation. The most serious signs and symptoms of DCS involve the spinal cord, with a tissue half time of only 12.5 minutes. It is proposed that present decompression schedules do not permit sufficient gas elimination from such fast tissues, resulting in bubble formation. Further, it is hypothesized that introduction of a deep stop will significantly reduce fast tissue bubble formation and neurological DCS risk. A total of 181 dives were made to 82 fsw (25 m) by 22 volunteers. Two dives of 25 min and 20 min were made, with a 3 hr 30 min surface interval and according to 8 different ascent protocols. Ascent rates of 10, 33 or 60 fsw/min (3, 10,...
Handbook on Hyperbaric Medicine, 2006
ABSTRACT
... Any person wishing to learn more about the College is invited to contact Professor Marroni or... more ... Any person wishing to learn more about the College is invited to contact Professor Marroni or Dr Cali-Corleo at the DAN Europe Foundation address: ... The diploma has been awarded to 4 new candidates, Drs David Vote, Lalith Ekanayake, Pauline Whyte and Mike Bennett. ...
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc
In our previous research, a deep 5-min stop at 15 msw (50 fsw), in addition to the typical 3-5 mi... more In our previous research, a deep 5-min stop at 15 msw (50 fsw), in addition to the typical 3-5 min shallow stop, significantly reduced precordial Doppler detectable bubbles (PDDB) and "fast" tissue compartment gas tensions during decompression from a 25 msw (82 fsw) dive; the optimal ascent rate was 10 msw (30 fsw/min). Since publication of these results, several recreational diving agencies have recommended empirical stop times shorter than the 5 min stops that we used, stops of as little as 1 min (deep) and 2 min (shallow). In our present study, we clarified the optimal time for stops by measuring PDDB with several combinations of deep and shallow stop times following single and repetitive open-water dives to 25 msw (82 fsw) for 25 mins and 20 minutes respectively; ascent rate was 10 msw/min (33 fsw). Among 15 profiles, stop time ranged from 1 to 10 min for both the deep stops (15 msw/50 fsw) and the shallow stops (6 msw/20 fsw). Dives with 2 1/2 min deep stops yielded t...
Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc, 2004
In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickne... more In spite of many modifications to decompression algorithms, the incidence of decompression sickness (DCS) in scuba divers has changed very little. The success of stage, compared to linear ascents, is well described yet theoretical changes in decompression ratios have diminished the importance of fast tissue gas tensions as critical for bubble generation. The most serious signs and symptoms of DCS involve the spinal cord, with a tissue half time of only 12.5 minutes. It is proposed that present decompression schedules do not permit sufficient gas elimination from such fast tissues, resulting in bubble formation. Further, it is hypothesized that introduction of a deep stop will significantly reduce fast tissue bubble formation and neurological DCS risk. A total of 181 dives were made to 82 fsw (25 m) by 22 volunteers. Two dives of 25 min and 20 min were made, with a 3 hr 30 min surface interval and according to 8 different ascent protocols. Ascent rates of 10, 33 or 60 fsw/min (3, 10,...
Malta Medical …, 2005
Many divers take prescribed, over the counter or even recreational drugs routinely or intermitten... more Many divers take prescribed, over the counter or even recreational drugs routinely or intermittently, despite the limited available information on the effects of drugs in diving conditions. In the hyperbaric context, drugs cannot only be considered in terms of their ...