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Papers by Remigiusz Gogosz
Średniowiecze Polskie i Powszechne, 2013
Scandinavia of the Middle Ages, as for the rest of Europe, did not resist new forms of entertainm... more Scandinavia of the Middle Ages, as for the rest of Europe, did not resist new forms of entertainment that arrived with the Arabs. Numerous references to the game of chess can be found in the Old Icelandic sagas and archeological excavations confirm this popular interest of the Scandinavians in the game. However, chess was not the only board game for them. Also popular was hnefatafl.
In Old Icelandic literature the lack of any detailed description of the game of chess or hnefatafl can be seen as characteristic. Problems, therefore, arise because of this lack of explicit distinction between the two board games. What is more interesting is that there is an example in which one of the main characters of a saga gives to the king a board game for both the old game (hnefatafl) and the new game (chess), which was also known as tafl or skálatafl. The most common term for both of these games is tafl, which simply means ‘board’.
This is the reason why I want to present in my paper an overview on the subject of the games which people played in Medieval Scandinavia, especially concentrating on chess and hnefatafl. I will also discuss the motifs of playing games in the sagas, which in my opinion are very important.
Article shows the cultural role of games and sport in medieval Icelandic society.
Limes. Studies and Materials on the History of Central and Eastern Europe, vol. 13: Constructing Masculinity in Old Norse Culture, ed. Remigiusz Gogosz (Rzeszów 2020) , 2020
One of the many aspects of playing games and their description in Icelandic Sagas is the view of ... more One of the many aspects of playing games and their description in Icelandic Sagas is the view of man. The view and descriptions is seen in two terms: Mannfroeði and Mannjafnðar. Firstly, saga authors introduces upcoming protagonist in a certain, very original way. Characters and personages in the text were described as a skilled man, very handsome and with many attributes. This was called by Herman Pálsson with a term mannfroeði. The authors shows exactly what they wanted to show to the reader. The other one, Mannjafnðar is seen in Magnussona saga. Two kings, brothers, Sigurð and Eysteinn are exchanging insults with each other and tries to say that one is better than other in sporting activities. The matter of mannjafnaðr was to compare two man with each other but at all cost do not allow to reach the third stage where blood comes out. The aim of the paper is to present importance of a game skills for a general (good) view of a character and give answer how those two terms are related to themselves, why women are not visible in such things?
Pierwszy polski przewodnik po świecie fascynującej i wyjątkowej literatury, jaką są sagi islandzk... more Pierwszy polski przewodnik po świecie fascynującej i wyjątkowej literatury, jaką są sagi islandzkie. Autorzy w przystępny i interesujący sposób przedstawili poszczególne odmiany spisywanych na średniowiecznej Północy opowieści, których tematyka obejmowała m.in. dzieje Islandczyków, skandynawskich władców oraz adaptacje współczesnej literatury kontynentalnej (pisma religijne, dworskie romanse). Charakterystyce obejmującej styl kompozycji, analizę najpopularniejszych motywów oraz tło historyczne i społeczne towarzyszą odwołania do polskich badań nad średniowieczną literaturą skandynawską. Całość uzupełniają kolorowe ilustracje ukazujące specyfikę islandzkiego i skandynawskiego krajobrazu, tak wyraźnie widocznego w poszczególnych opowieściach.
Autorzy:
Przemysław Czarnecki, Remigiusz Gogosz, Aleksandra Jochymek, Anna Kaiper, Jakub Morawiec, Łukasz Neubauer, Marta Rey-Radlińska, Dominika Skrzypek, Joanna Srholec-Skórzewska prowadzą na co dzień badania historyczne i literackie w zakresie średniowiecznej Skandynawii i reprezentują różne ośrodki naukowe w Polsce i za granicą.
(źródło: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN)
International Old Norse Conference at the University of Rzeszów Rzeszów, 12-13.03.2015.
In 1147 Pope Eugenius issued a bull, the Quantum Praedecessores, which became anmajor factor in ... more In 1147 Pope Eugenius issued a bull, the Quantum Praedecessores, which became anmajor factor in European Crusading. The addition to bull provided Crusaders new opportunities in thenorthern and north-eastern parts of Europe, as well as giving them equal status with Crusadersnoperating in the Holy Land. The Baltic Sea, while not a major factor in the northern Crusades against the PolabiannSlavs, eventually became for the northern Crusaders what the Mediterranean was to their bretheren in the Levant. It's west coast provided suitable bases of operation and resupply fornincursions against the remaining pagan groups in Europe: the Prussians, Livonians, Estonians,nand Finns. Beyond that, the harbours and cities built by the Crusaders became major tradingnand transportation hubs, as well as providing centres of government for the region. Mybpaper will discuss the role played by the Baltic settlements during the northern Crusades. Ibwill examine their uses as trading and transportation hubs, as well as their uses as politicalncenturies. I will also discuss the roles played by the Danes, Germans, Swedes, and Polesnin the Baltic region during the XII and XIII centuries, as well as the ramifications of theirpolitical and military actions in the region. The paper can be titled also: The Role of the Balitc Sea in the Northern Crusades.
For medieval Icelanders, horses were among the most important animals. It should come as no surpr... more For medieval Icelanders, horses were among the most important animals. It should come as no surprise, as they were used for transport, in pagan rites (hippomancy, funerals, sacred horses), eating, and also for sports. These sports were the horse-fights (hestavígs) and horse-racing (skeið). Reading the sagas, one can find a lot of references to horse-fighting. This sport was considered of such importance among medieval Icelanders that laws have been written down regarding this entertainment, yet there is no exact description of how such events were organized. Only by putting all the references together can one endeavor to explain what these horse-fights may have actually been like. In my paper I would like to present the basis for these horse-fights. Their terminology has been frequently misinterpreted, and no critical investigation yet exists into the staging and organization of such events, which would shed light on the meaning and role of this sport to medieval Icelanders. It will be shown that horse-fighting functioned not only as brutal entertainment in itself, but also played a social role in the broader context of inter-district assemblies.
At the time of the second king of Poland, Mieszko II, one event caused by him was described in G... more At the time of the second king of Poland, Mieszko II, one event caused by him was described in German annals as a brutal attack on Christian kingdom with assistance of diaboli satellites. In this clause Mieszko II was described as the usurper of his throne regnum Sclavorum tyrannice sibi contra imperialem maiestatem usurpabat, which does not fit with the fact that he was truly a Christian king. According to the annals the military expedition of Polish king was a barbarian attack, which deserved to be condemned. In my article I will try to analyze this passage and answer two questions: why the expedition of Mieszko II was presented in such way in annals and what exactly happened in Saxony the year 1028 in Saxony.
Alþingi and other þing gatherings were not only times when people gathered in Old Iceland. Someti... more Alþingi and other þing gatherings were not only times when people gathered in Old Iceland. Sometimes – especially a Yule they gathered for different purposes, for gaming, playing and sports. Moreover in the sagas we find a lot of place-names containing the word leikr (play) like Leikvangr and Leikvöllr which means “play field”. There are also places which are known for horse-fights, here too we have place-names connected to this custom: Hestaþing. As we might suspect, these places and gatherings had a special role in Icelandic society and life. In my paper I would like to present part of my PhD dissertation focusing on the role of these places where such meetings took place. Why where these so important for Icelanders, or for saga-writers. I also want to find out why after the Sturlunga age – there are few accounts of such gatherings in contemporary sagas or annals.
Books by Remigiusz Gogosz
My unpublished dissertation.
The biography of the son of Boleslaw III Wrymouth. Henry duke of Sandomierz was first Polish pilg... more The biography of the son of Boleslaw III Wrymouth. Henry duke of Sandomierz was first Polish pilgrim-crusader. He bring joannits to Poland and lived completely different life than his contemporaries. He died in fights with pagan Prussians in 1166.
Thesis Chapters by Remigiusz Gogosz
An introduction to my dissertation defended on 15th of June 2016. Searching for publisher.
Średniowiecze Polskie i Powszechne, 2013
Scandinavia of the Middle Ages, as for the rest of Europe, did not resist new forms of entertainm... more Scandinavia of the Middle Ages, as for the rest of Europe, did not resist new forms of entertainment that arrived with the Arabs. Numerous references to the game of chess can be found in the Old Icelandic sagas and archeological excavations confirm this popular interest of the Scandinavians in the game. However, chess was not the only board game for them. Also popular was hnefatafl.
In Old Icelandic literature the lack of any detailed description of the game of chess or hnefatafl can be seen as characteristic. Problems, therefore, arise because of this lack of explicit distinction between the two board games. What is more interesting is that there is an example in which one of the main characters of a saga gives to the king a board game for both the old game (hnefatafl) and the new game (chess), which was also known as tafl or skálatafl. The most common term for both of these games is tafl, which simply means ‘board’.
This is the reason why I want to present in my paper an overview on the subject of the games which people played in Medieval Scandinavia, especially concentrating on chess and hnefatafl. I will also discuss the motifs of playing games in the sagas, which in my opinion are very important.
Article shows the cultural role of games and sport in medieval Icelandic society.
Limes. Studies and Materials on the History of Central and Eastern Europe, vol. 13: Constructing Masculinity in Old Norse Culture, ed. Remigiusz Gogosz (Rzeszów 2020) , 2020
One of the many aspects of playing games and their description in Icelandic Sagas is the view of ... more One of the many aspects of playing games and their description in Icelandic Sagas is the view of man. The view and descriptions is seen in two terms: Mannfroeði and Mannjafnðar. Firstly, saga authors introduces upcoming protagonist in a certain, very original way. Characters and personages in the text were described as a skilled man, very handsome and with many attributes. This was called by Herman Pálsson with a term mannfroeði. The authors shows exactly what they wanted to show to the reader. The other one, Mannjafnðar is seen in Magnussona saga. Two kings, brothers, Sigurð and Eysteinn are exchanging insults with each other and tries to say that one is better than other in sporting activities. The matter of mannjafnaðr was to compare two man with each other but at all cost do not allow to reach the third stage where blood comes out. The aim of the paper is to present importance of a game skills for a general (good) view of a character and give answer how those two terms are related to themselves, why women are not visible in such things?
Pierwszy polski przewodnik po świecie fascynującej i wyjątkowej literatury, jaką są sagi islandzk... more Pierwszy polski przewodnik po świecie fascynującej i wyjątkowej literatury, jaką są sagi islandzkie. Autorzy w przystępny i interesujący sposób przedstawili poszczególne odmiany spisywanych na średniowiecznej Północy opowieści, których tematyka obejmowała m.in. dzieje Islandczyków, skandynawskich władców oraz adaptacje współczesnej literatury kontynentalnej (pisma religijne, dworskie romanse). Charakterystyce obejmującej styl kompozycji, analizę najpopularniejszych motywów oraz tło historyczne i społeczne towarzyszą odwołania do polskich badań nad średniowieczną literaturą skandynawską. Całość uzupełniają kolorowe ilustracje ukazujące specyfikę islandzkiego i skandynawskiego krajobrazu, tak wyraźnie widocznego w poszczególnych opowieściach.
Autorzy:
Przemysław Czarnecki, Remigiusz Gogosz, Aleksandra Jochymek, Anna Kaiper, Jakub Morawiec, Łukasz Neubauer, Marta Rey-Radlińska, Dominika Skrzypek, Joanna Srholec-Skórzewska prowadzą na co dzień badania historyczne i literackie w zakresie średniowiecznej Skandynawii i reprezentują różne ośrodki naukowe w Polsce i za granicą.
(źródło: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN)
International Old Norse Conference at the University of Rzeszów Rzeszów, 12-13.03.2015.
In 1147 Pope Eugenius issued a bull, the Quantum Praedecessores, which became anmajor factor in ... more In 1147 Pope Eugenius issued a bull, the Quantum Praedecessores, which became anmajor factor in European Crusading. The addition to bull provided Crusaders new opportunities in thenorthern and north-eastern parts of Europe, as well as giving them equal status with Crusadersnoperating in the Holy Land. The Baltic Sea, while not a major factor in the northern Crusades against the PolabiannSlavs, eventually became for the northern Crusaders what the Mediterranean was to their bretheren in the Levant. It's west coast provided suitable bases of operation and resupply fornincursions against the remaining pagan groups in Europe: the Prussians, Livonians, Estonians,nand Finns. Beyond that, the harbours and cities built by the Crusaders became major tradingnand transportation hubs, as well as providing centres of government for the region. Mybpaper will discuss the role played by the Baltic settlements during the northern Crusades. Ibwill examine their uses as trading and transportation hubs, as well as their uses as politicalncenturies. I will also discuss the roles played by the Danes, Germans, Swedes, and Polesnin the Baltic region during the XII and XIII centuries, as well as the ramifications of theirpolitical and military actions in the region. The paper can be titled also: The Role of the Balitc Sea in the Northern Crusades.
For medieval Icelanders, horses were among the most important animals. It should come as no surpr... more For medieval Icelanders, horses were among the most important animals. It should come as no surprise, as they were used for transport, in pagan rites (hippomancy, funerals, sacred horses), eating, and also for sports. These sports were the horse-fights (hestavígs) and horse-racing (skeið). Reading the sagas, one can find a lot of references to horse-fighting. This sport was considered of such importance among medieval Icelanders that laws have been written down regarding this entertainment, yet there is no exact description of how such events were organized. Only by putting all the references together can one endeavor to explain what these horse-fights may have actually been like. In my paper I would like to present the basis for these horse-fights. Their terminology has been frequently misinterpreted, and no critical investigation yet exists into the staging and organization of such events, which would shed light on the meaning and role of this sport to medieval Icelanders. It will be shown that horse-fighting functioned not only as brutal entertainment in itself, but also played a social role in the broader context of inter-district assemblies.
At the time of the second king of Poland, Mieszko II, one event caused by him was described in G... more At the time of the second king of Poland, Mieszko II, one event caused by him was described in German annals as a brutal attack on Christian kingdom with assistance of diaboli satellites. In this clause Mieszko II was described as the usurper of his throne regnum Sclavorum tyrannice sibi contra imperialem maiestatem usurpabat, which does not fit with the fact that he was truly a Christian king. According to the annals the military expedition of Polish king was a barbarian attack, which deserved to be condemned. In my article I will try to analyze this passage and answer two questions: why the expedition of Mieszko II was presented in such way in annals and what exactly happened in Saxony the year 1028 in Saxony.
Alþingi and other þing gatherings were not only times when people gathered in Old Iceland. Someti... more Alþingi and other þing gatherings were not only times when people gathered in Old Iceland. Sometimes – especially a Yule they gathered for different purposes, for gaming, playing and sports. Moreover in the sagas we find a lot of place-names containing the word leikr (play) like Leikvangr and Leikvöllr which means “play field”. There are also places which are known for horse-fights, here too we have place-names connected to this custom: Hestaþing. As we might suspect, these places and gatherings had a special role in Icelandic society and life. In my paper I would like to present part of my PhD dissertation focusing on the role of these places where such meetings took place. Why where these so important for Icelanders, or for saga-writers. I also want to find out why after the Sturlunga age – there are few accounts of such gatherings in contemporary sagas or annals.
My unpublished dissertation.
The biography of the son of Boleslaw III Wrymouth. Henry duke of Sandomierz was first Polish pilg... more The biography of the son of Boleslaw III Wrymouth. Henry duke of Sandomierz was first Polish pilgrim-crusader. He bring joannits to Poland and lived completely different life than his contemporaries. He died in fights with pagan Prussians in 1166.
An introduction to my dissertation defended on 15th of June 2016. Searching for publisher.
; https://wydawnictwo.ur.edu.pl wydanie I; format B5; ark. wyd. 29,60; ark. druk. 29; zlec. red. ... more ; https://wydawnictwo.ur.edu.pl wydanie I; format B5; ark. wyd. 29,60; ark. druk. 29; zlec. red. 21/2022 Druk i oprawa: Mitel Sp. z o.o. Recenzowali prof. dr hab. MICHAŁ PARCZEWSKI dr hab. ANDRZEJ JANOWSKI, prof. IAE PAN dr hab. MAREK SMOLIŃSKI, prof. UG dr hab. ANNA WAŚKO, prof. UJ Opracowanie redakcyjne i korekta BOGDAN STRYCHARZ Opracowanie redakcyjne i korekta w języku angielskim GREGORY LEIGHTON Opracowanie techniczne i łamanie AGNIESZKA SZCZEPAŃSKA-PĄCZEK Korekta techniczna EWA KUC