Robert Idziak - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Robert Idziak
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica
Research on natural and functional values of grassy and reed phytocenoses in the “Ujście Warty” N... more Research on natural and functional values of grassy and reed phytocenoses in the “Ujście Warty” National Park in the Northern Polder, was carried out in 2013–2019. They showed that the formation of grass communities, their richness and floristic diversity, as well as natural and agricultural values, is mainly influenced by moisture, which results from the mosaic of habitats and the intensity of use. The aim of the study was to assess the floristic diversity, natural values and utility of grass communities in leasehold complexes in the “Ujście Warty” National Park in the Northern Polder in the Natura 2000 area. One of the methods of protection and renaturation of naturally valuable meadow communities is the introduction of extensive forms of mowing and pasture use. The aim of such activities is, among others, to improve floristic diversity and prevent unfavorable transformations of protocoenoses, especially in relation to areas covered by the Natura 2000 area. Single, annual mowing d...
Applied Sciences
In the period 2017–2019, field experiments were conducted at the Research and Education Center Go... more In the period 2017–2019, field experiments were conducted at the Research and Education Center Gorzyń, unit Złotniki (52°486′ N; 16°819′ E), Poznan University of Life Sciences, at the Luvisols, under natural weather conditions, to evaluate the effect of multifunctional methylated seed oil (EXP 1, 2, and 3) and standard adjuvants (AtB and S) on the efficacy of mixtures phenmedipham + ethofumesate and metamitron applied in full (PEM 1) and reduced rates (PEM 2) in sugar beet. Field studies were carried out and three applications of herbicides were administrated subsequent to the emergence of weeds (BBCH 11–12). PEM applied at reduced rates with EXP was more effective than after AtB and S adjuvants. They enabled the attainment of high and consistent efficacy of herbicides (with EXP—96–97%, AtB—97%, S—95%, compared to PEM 1—93%, and PEM 2—82%), irrespective of varying weather conditions during, and subsequent to, their application. The sugar beet root yield from herbicide treatments aft...
doi:10.3906/tar-1203-29 The effect of mesotrione applied with adjuvants on weed control efficacy ... more doi:10.3906/tar-1203-29 The effect of mesotrione applied with adjuvants on weed control efficacy and forage sorghum tolerance
Herbicidal efficiency and selectivity of mixtures of foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron methylsodium (M... more Herbicidal efficiency and selectivity of mixtures of foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron methylsodium (Maister 310 WG) in sweet corn cultivation (Zea mays ssp. saccharata) Skuteczność chwastobójcza oraz selektywność mieszaniny foramsulfuron + jodosulfuron metylosodowy (Maister 310 WG) stosowanej w kukurydzy cukrowej (Zea mays ssp. saccharata)
Progress in Plant Protection, 2012
Summary The objective of field studies conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 in the 6 locations was to... more Summary The objective of field studies conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 in the 6 locations was to evaluate the efficacy of mixture of pinoxaden with florasulam applied alone and with various herbicides (fluroxypyr, tribenuron methyl, dicamba with triasulfuron, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4‐D) with dicamba). Herbicides were applied in spring at the end of tillering of winter wheat. Experiments were arranged in a randomized block design. It was proved that the highest control of weed species like: Apera spica‐ venti, Galium aparine, Myosotis arvensis, Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Stellaria media, Papaver rhoes, Brassica napus and Matricaria inodora was provide by all tested tank‐mixture of herbicides (86 to 100%). Winter wheat plants were tolerant to pinoxaden with florasulam and their tank‐mixtures with fluroxypyr, tribenuron methyl, dicamba with triasulfuron, MCPA with dicamba. Herbicides used in studies resulted in higher winter wheat yields as compared with untreated plots. Imp...
Summary The field experiments were carried out in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate maize yield and contr... more Summary The field experiments were carried out in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate maize yield and control of weeds with foramsulfuron + iodosulforone at 45.00 + 1.5 g/ha applied once and at 22.5 + 0.75 g/ha applied twice (at the stage of weed seedlings) with methylated seed oil adjuvant, zinc fertilizers – 1 kg Zn/ha (ZnSO 4 × 7H 2O in 2012 and ZnCl 2 in 2013) or experimental adjuvants, containing mixtures of nonionic surfactants with zinc fertilizer (1 kg Zn/ha). Foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron at full rate provided great weed control of broadleaved and grass weeds in maize. Foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron applied sequentially at reduced rates with adjuvants control weeds at least 97%. There was no antagonistic effect of zinc fertilizers on the herbicidal efficacy. Temporary, pass injuries on maize plants caused by ZnCl 2 were observed. Application of foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron alone or with methylated seed oil adjuvant, zinc fertilizers or experimental adjuvants resulted in the higher maize...
Progress in Plant Protection, 2016
A field experiment was carried out in 2011–2013 to evaluate the effect of foliar application of U... more A field experiment was carried out in 2011–2013 to evaluate the effect of foliar application of UPP-208 200 SL formulation containing salicylic acid (SA; 200 g/l) and surface acting agents on infestation of fungal diseases occurring in winter wheat. Wheat plants were treated with a single spray of UPP-208 200 SL at a growth stage of BBCH 26 or BBCH 32 and the split doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 l/ha applied at BBCH 26 and BBCH 32. Salicylic acid partially decreased wheat infestation by Blumeria graminis, Mycosphaerella graminicola and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. However, the level of disease control varied according to the experimental year, salicylic acid application time and rate. Generally, the use of split applications of salicylic acid resulted in a better protection against wheat diseases than the use of single applications.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the reaction of 10 varieties of sugar maize on the activ... more The aim of this research was to evaluate the reaction of 10 varieties of sugar maize on the active substances dicamba + prosulfuron and assess the effectiveness of this mixture. An experiment was carried out at the Experimental-Didactic Station at Swadzim in 2008-2010. Ten sugar maize hybrids were studied. Spraying herbicide with crop oil concentrate was performed at the fiveto six-leaf stage. A week after the herbicide application, weeds were collected and weighed. On this basis, the effectiveness of active substances was measured (%). The crop was evaluated visually in five periods on a 1-9 scale. After the plants came to milk ripeness, cob yield (t·ha), share of first class cobs (%), cob length (cm), number of grains per cob and cobs per hectare were defined. It was found that the average effectiveness of the herbicide was 53-60% against the three examined weed species, namely ‘Garrison’, ‘GSS 8529’ and ‘Rustler’. Transient, phytotoxic action of active substances on the three sug...
Summary In 2004–2008 at the Research and Education Center Brody weed community in sugar beet was ... more Summary In 2004–2008 at the Research and Education Center Brody weed community in sugar beet was analysed, using the Braun-Blanquet method, constancy and cover coefficients of species, the diversity of species indicators (by Simpson and Shannon-Wiener), and Margalef index. In the individual years the biodiversity of weed flora in sugar beet showed slight differences in contrast to the intensity of occurrence of weed species. Weed community classified as the Polygono-Chenopodion, accompanying group was represented by the species: Lamium purpureum, Euphorbia helioscopia, Veronica perlica, Fumaria officinalis and Aperion spicae-venti with Apera spica-venti and Veronica hederifolia orders Polygono-Chenopodietalia, Polygonion avicularis and Centauretalia cyani. Occuring weed species belonged to three classes: Stellarietea mediae, Artemisietea vulgaris and Agropyretea intermedio-repentis. There were from 9 to 20 species of weeds in sugar beet, and the indexes: Margalef ranged from 1.3 to ...
Studies carried out in the years 2012–2018 on Cieszyńskie Foothills fields (26 localities in 7 bo... more Studies carried out in the years 2012–2018 on Cieszyńskie Foothills fields (26 localities in 7 boroughs) with maize in order to determine weed species and segetal association. Phytosociological relevés were made using Braun-Blanquet method with recommended parameters and coefficients (number of records, abundance, covering). 124 weed species were observed in maize, with a predominance of species from classes not associated with segetal association. Species from Stellerieta mediae class represented 44% of all species. Segetal species occurred with taxa from other phytosociological classes (55%) which were dominated by species belonging to meadow communities from Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Artemisietea vulgaris class, presenting ruderal species and a few species from other classes, including Agropyro-intermedio repentis, Bidentetea tripartiti, Isoëto-Nanojuncetea, Querco-fagetea, Rhamno-Prunetea, and Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei.
The study was carried out at the Research and Education Center Gorzyn with a branch in Brody (52°... more The study was carried out at the Research and Education Center Gorzyn with a branch in Brody (52°25' N; 16°18' E) in 2008-2009, in order to work out the effective way of weed control and protecting plantations against new weed emergences. Research combinations involved the herbicide Boreal 58 WG (flufenacet 48% + isoxaflutole 10%), Accent 75 WG (nicosulfuron 75%) and Mocarz 75 WG (tritosulfuron 25% + dicamba 50%) applied once at the dates and doses recommended by producers, 0.75 kg·ha -1 , 80 g·ha -1 and 200 g·ha -1 , respectively, and in mixtures applied at two dates (at the stage of weed seedlings), in strongly reduced doses with an addition of the surfactant Trend 90 EC, Atpolan BIO 80 EC and ammonium nitrate. In divided treatments the single dose per hectare of herbicides Boreal 58 WG, Accent 75 WG and Mocarz 75 WG was 0.25 kg·ha -1 , 20 g·ha -1 and 50 g·ha -1 , respectively. A dose of the adjuvant Atpolan BIO 80 EC was 1.5 dm 3 ·ha -1 , Trend 90 EC was applied at a conc...
Progress in Plant Protection
Progress in Plant Protection
The research carried out at the Research and Education Center Gorzyn, unit Brody in 2005-2010, ai... more The research carried out at the Research and Education Center Gorzyn, unit Brody in 2005-2010, aimed at assessing the biodiversity of weeds in the cultivation of maize on lessive soil. The diversity of weed communities was determined using ecological indicators, which include Simpson diversity index, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index. Phytosociological stability of the plant community expressed in the Braun-Blanquet scale was also evaluated. The floristic diversity of the analyzed weed communities occurring on maize plantations slightly changed in particular years of research and the greater differences were observed in relation to the density of specific species. During the field studies 11 species were recorded, but weed community varied over the years. Margalef index was at the level from 0.79 to 1.68, Simpson diversity index was at the level from 0.50 to 0.77, and Shannon-Wiener index from 2.5 to a level slightly exceeding 2.7.
Crop Protection
Abstract The following paper presents results of studies on the atomization process of water in p... more Abstract The following paper presents results of studies on the atomization process of water in pressure-swirl atomizers with different shapes of orifice using a laser diffraction technique. The effect of the shape of the orifice and the injection pressure on the droplet size distributions and mean droplet diameters was analyzed. The results obtained showed that droplet size decreases with an increasing injection pressure and droplet size distributions are expanded. The smallest droplet diameters were obtained by atomization in profiled and conical shaped orifice atomizers, however the largest droplet diameters were achieved for plain orifice atomizers. The analysis of the interfacial surface produced by the atomizers has shown that the greater enhancement of the atomization process had occurred using profiled and conical shaped orifice atomizers compared with plain orifice atomizers. The correlation for the Sauter mean diameter as a function of the Reynolds number and the ratio of orifice length to diameter has been proposed. The paper is related to agricultural water management. The data obtained are important from the point of view of the design of atomizers, agricultural treatments and crop protection.
Progress in Plant Protection, 2019
The studies on segetal communities and weed species occurring within them have been conducted in ... more The studies on segetal communities and weed species occurring within them have been conducted in Cieszyńskie Foothills since the first decade of the 21st century. There are soils with a high content of limestone, which allows to format calcophilic communities from Caucalidionlappulae alliance. One of the species representing this association is archeophyte dwarf spurge (Euphorbia exigua L.). In Cieszyńskie Foothills it has been recorded since the 19th century and in various periods of the 20th century as well in most crops, such as spring cereal mixtures, spring barley, spring and winter wheat, occasionally in maize and potato. Changes in crops structureabandonment of root crops in favour of maize and winter rape or changes in cereal cultivation (new technologies, herbicides) lead to decrease in potential habitats for dwarf spurge.
Agronomy
The effectiveness of herbicides is affected by the pH of the spray liquid. The use of adjuvants c... more The effectiveness of herbicides is affected by the pH of the spray liquid. The use of adjuvants can mitigate the negative effect of pH, and it also allows for a reduction in herbicide doses while maintaining high efficiency. Greenhouse studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide sulcotrione (HRAC F2), against barnyardgrass, at full or reduced doses with adjuvants, and a modified pH of the solutions. The contact angle and surface tension of liquid spray drops, as well as the shear viscosity of individual solutions, were also tested. Results indicated that at a low pH of the spray liquid (4), the use of a reduced dose of sulcotrione with adjuvant based on methylated rapeseed oil can increase the effectiveness of barnyardgrass control to the same level as at the full dose of herbicide. The use of adjuvants contributed to the reduction in the contact angle and the surface tension of liquid spray droplets. No significant differences in shear viscosity were observed f...
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica
Research on natural and functional values of grassy and reed phytocenoses in the “Ujście Warty” N... more Research on natural and functional values of grassy and reed phytocenoses in the “Ujście Warty” National Park in the Northern Polder, was carried out in 2013–2019. They showed that the formation of grass communities, their richness and floristic diversity, as well as natural and agricultural values, is mainly influenced by moisture, which results from the mosaic of habitats and the intensity of use. The aim of the study was to assess the floristic diversity, natural values and utility of grass communities in leasehold complexes in the “Ujście Warty” National Park in the Northern Polder in the Natura 2000 area. One of the methods of protection and renaturation of naturally valuable meadow communities is the introduction of extensive forms of mowing and pasture use. The aim of such activities is, among others, to improve floristic diversity and prevent unfavorable transformations of protocoenoses, especially in relation to areas covered by the Natura 2000 area. Single, annual mowing d...
Applied Sciences
In the period 2017–2019, field experiments were conducted at the Research and Education Center Go... more In the period 2017–2019, field experiments were conducted at the Research and Education Center Gorzyń, unit Złotniki (52°486′ N; 16°819′ E), Poznan University of Life Sciences, at the Luvisols, under natural weather conditions, to evaluate the effect of multifunctional methylated seed oil (EXP 1, 2, and 3) and standard adjuvants (AtB and S) on the efficacy of mixtures phenmedipham + ethofumesate and metamitron applied in full (PEM 1) and reduced rates (PEM 2) in sugar beet. Field studies were carried out and three applications of herbicides were administrated subsequent to the emergence of weeds (BBCH 11–12). PEM applied at reduced rates with EXP was more effective than after AtB and S adjuvants. They enabled the attainment of high and consistent efficacy of herbicides (with EXP—96–97%, AtB—97%, S—95%, compared to PEM 1—93%, and PEM 2—82%), irrespective of varying weather conditions during, and subsequent to, their application. The sugar beet root yield from herbicide treatments aft...
doi:10.3906/tar-1203-29 The effect of mesotrione applied with adjuvants on weed control efficacy ... more doi:10.3906/tar-1203-29 The effect of mesotrione applied with adjuvants on weed control efficacy and forage sorghum tolerance
Herbicidal efficiency and selectivity of mixtures of foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron methylsodium (M... more Herbicidal efficiency and selectivity of mixtures of foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron methylsodium (Maister 310 WG) in sweet corn cultivation (Zea mays ssp. saccharata) Skuteczność chwastobójcza oraz selektywność mieszaniny foramsulfuron + jodosulfuron metylosodowy (Maister 310 WG) stosowanej w kukurydzy cukrowej (Zea mays ssp. saccharata)
Progress in Plant Protection, 2012
Summary The objective of field studies conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 in the 6 locations was to... more Summary The objective of field studies conducted in 2009, 2010 and 2011 in the 6 locations was to evaluate the efficacy of mixture of pinoxaden with florasulam applied alone and with various herbicides (fluroxypyr, tribenuron methyl, dicamba with triasulfuron, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4‐D) with dicamba). Herbicides were applied in spring at the end of tillering of winter wheat. Experiments were arranged in a randomized block design. It was proved that the highest control of weed species like: Apera spica‐ venti, Galium aparine, Myosotis arvensis, Capsella bursa‐pastoris, Stellaria media, Papaver rhoes, Brassica napus and Matricaria inodora was provide by all tested tank‐mixture of herbicides (86 to 100%). Winter wheat plants were tolerant to pinoxaden with florasulam and their tank‐mixtures with fluroxypyr, tribenuron methyl, dicamba with triasulfuron, MCPA with dicamba. Herbicides used in studies resulted in higher winter wheat yields as compared with untreated plots. Imp...
Summary The field experiments were carried out in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate maize yield and contr... more Summary The field experiments were carried out in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate maize yield and control of weeds with foramsulfuron + iodosulforone at 45.00 + 1.5 g/ha applied once and at 22.5 + 0.75 g/ha applied twice (at the stage of weed seedlings) with methylated seed oil adjuvant, zinc fertilizers – 1 kg Zn/ha (ZnSO 4 × 7H 2O in 2012 and ZnCl 2 in 2013) or experimental adjuvants, containing mixtures of nonionic surfactants with zinc fertilizer (1 kg Zn/ha). Foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron at full rate provided great weed control of broadleaved and grass weeds in maize. Foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron applied sequentially at reduced rates with adjuvants control weeds at least 97%. There was no antagonistic effect of zinc fertilizers on the herbicidal efficacy. Temporary, pass injuries on maize plants caused by ZnCl 2 were observed. Application of foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron alone or with methylated seed oil adjuvant, zinc fertilizers or experimental adjuvants resulted in the higher maize...
Progress in Plant Protection, 2016
A field experiment was carried out in 2011–2013 to evaluate the effect of foliar application of U... more A field experiment was carried out in 2011–2013 to evaluate the effect of foliar application of UPP-208 200 SL formulation containing salicylic acid (SA; 200 g/l) and surface acting agents on infestation of fungal diseases occurring in winter wheat. Wheat plants were treated with a single spray of UPP-208 200 SL at a growth stage of BBCH 26 or BBCH 32 and the split doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 l/ha applied at BBCH 26 and BBCH 32. Salicylic acid partially decreased wheat infestation by Blumeria graminis, Mycosphaerella graminicola and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. However, the level of disease control varied according to the experimental year, salicylic acid application time and rate. Generally, the use of split applications of salicylic acid resulted in a better protection against wheat diseases than the use of single applications.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the reaction of 10 varieties of sugar maize on the activ... more The aim of this research was to evaluate the reaction of 10 varieties of sugar maize on the active substances dicamba + prosulfuron and assess the effectiveness of this mixture. An experiment was carried out at the Experimental-Didactic Station at Swadzim in 2008-2010. Ten sugar maize hybrids were studied. Spraying herbicide with crop oil concentrate was performed at the fiveto six-leaf stage. A week after the herbicide application, weeds were collected and weighed. On this basis, the effectiveness of active substances was measured (%). The crop was evaluated visually in five periods on a 1-9 scale. After the plants came to milk ripeness, cob yield (t·ha), share of first class cobs (%), cob length (cm), number of grains per cob and cobs per hectare were defined. It was found that the average effectiveness of the herbicide was 53-60% against the three examined weed species, namely ‘Garrison’, ‘GSS 8529’ and ‘Rustler’. Transient, phytotoxic action of active substances on the three sug...
Summary In 2004–2008 at the Research and Education Center Brody weed community in sugar beet was ... more Summary In 2004–2008 at the Research and Education Center Brody weed community in sugar beet was analysed, using the Braun-Blanquet method, constancy and cover coefficients of species, the diversity of species indicators (by Simpson and Shannon-Wiener), and Margalef index. In the individual years the biodiversity of weed flora in sugar beet showed slight differences in contrast to the intensity of occurrence of weed species. Weed community classified as the Polygono-Chenopodion, accompanying group was represented by the species: Lamium purpureum, Euphorbia helioscopia, Veronica perlica, Fumaria officinalis and Aperion spicae-venti with Apera spica-venti and Veronica hederifolia orders Polygono-Chenopodietalia, Polygonion avicularis and Centauretalia cyani. Occuring weed species belonged to three classes: Stellarietea mediae, Artemisietea vulgaris and Agropyretea intermedio-repentis. There were from 9 to 20 species of weeds in sugar beet, and the indexes: Margalef ranged from 1.3 to ...
Studies carried out in the years 2012–2018 on Cieszyńskie Foothills fields (26 localities in 7 bo... more Studies carried out in the years 2012–2018 on Cieszyńskie Foothills fields (26 localities in 7 boroughs) with maize in order to determine weed species and segetal association. Phytosociological relevés were made using Braun-Blanquet method with recommended parameters and coefficients (number of records, abundance, covering). 124 weed species were observed in maize, with a predominance of species from classes not associated with segetal association. Species from Stellerieta mediae class represented 44% of all species. Segetal species occurred with taxa from other phytosociological classes (55%) which were dominated by species belonging to meadow communities from Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Artemisietea vulgaris class, presenting ruderal species and a few species from other classes, including Agropyro-intermedio repentis, Bidentetea tripartiti, Isoëto-Nanojuncetea, Querco-fagetea, Rhamno-Prunetea, and Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei.
The study was carried out at the Research and Education Center Gorzyn with a branch in Brody (52°... more The study was carried out at the Research and Education Center Gorzyn with a branch in Brody (52°25' N; 16°18' E) in 2008-2009, in order to work out the effective way of weed control and protecting plantations against new weed emergences. Research combinations involved the herbicide Boreal 58 WG (flufenacet 48% + isoxaflutole 10%), Accent 75 WG (nicosulfuron 75%) and Mocarz 75 WG (tritosulfuron 25% + dicamba 50%) applied once at the dates and doses recommended by producers, 0.75 kg·ha -1 , 80 g·ha -1 and 200 g·ha -1 , respectively, and in mixtures applied at two dates (at the stage of weed seedlings), in strongly reduced doses with an addition of the surfactant Trend 90 EC, Atpolan BIO 80 EC and ammonium nitrate. In divided treatments the single dose per hectare of herbicides Boreal 58 WG, Accent 75 WG and Mocarz 75 WG was 0.25 kg·ha -1 , 20 g·ha -1 and 50 g·ha -1 , respectively. A dose of the adjuvant Atpolan BIO 80 EC was 1.5 dm 3 ·ha -1 , Trend 90 EC was applied at a conc...
Progress in Plant Protection
Progress in Plant Protection
The research carried out at the Research and Education Center Gorzyn, unit Brody in 2005-2010, ai... more The research carried out at the Research and Education Center Gorzyn, unit Brody in 2005-2010, aimed at assessing the biodiversity of weeds in the cultivation of maize on lessive soil. The diversity of weed communities was determined using ecological indicators, which include Simpson diversity index, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index. Phytosociological stability of the plant community expressed in the Braun-Blanquet scale was also evaluated. The floristic diversity of the analyzed weed communities occurring on maize plantations slightly changed in particular years of research and the greater differences were observed in relation to the density of specific species. During the field studies 11 species were recorded, but weed community varied over the years. Margalef index was at the level from 0.79 to 1.68, Simpson diversity index was at the level from 0.50 to 0.77, and Shannon-Wiener index from 2.5 to a level slightly exceeding 2.7.
Crop Protection
Abstract The following paper presents results of studies on the atomization process of water in p... more Abstract The following paper presents results of studies on the atomization process of water in pressure-swirl atomizers with different shapes of orifice using a laser diffraction technique. The effect of the shape of the orifice and the injection pressure on the droplet size distributions and mean droplet diameters was analyzed. The results obtained showed that droplet size decreases with an increasing injection pressure and droplet size distributions are expanded. The smallest droplet diameters were obtained by atomization in profiled and conical shaped orifice atomizers, however the largest droplet diameters were achieved for plain orifice atomizers. The analysis of the interfacial surface produced by the atomizers has shown that the greater enhancement of the atomization process had occurred using profiled and conical shaped orifice atomizers compared with plain orifice atomizers. The correlation for the Sauter mean diameter as a function of the Reynolds number and the ratio of orifice length to diameter has been proposed. The paper is related to agricultural water management. The data obtained are important from the point of view of the design of atomizers, agricultural treatments and crop protection.
Progress in Plant Protection, 2019
The studies on segetal communities and weed species occurring within them have been conducted in ... more The studies on segetal communities and weed species occurring within them have been conducted in Cieszyńskie Foothills since the first decade of the 21st century. There are soils with a high content of limestone, which allows to format calcophilic communities from Caucalidionlappulae alliance. One of the species representing this association is archeophyte dwarf spurge (Euphorbia exigua L.). In Cieszyńskie Foothills it has been recorded since the 19th century and in various periods of the 20th century as well in most crops, such as spring cereal mixtures, spring barley, spring and winter wheat, occasionally in maize and potato. Changes in crops structureabandonment of root crops in favour of maize and winter rape or changes in cereal cultivation (new technologies, herbicides) lead to decrease in potential habitats for dwarf spurge.
Agronomy
The effectiveness of herbicides is affected by the pH of the spray liquid. The use of adjuvants c... more The effectiveness of herbicides is affected by the pH of the spray liquid. The use of adjuvants can mitigate the negative effect of pH, and it also allows for a reduction in herbicide doses while maintaining high efficiency. Greenhouse studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the herbicide sulcotrione (HRAC F2), against barnyardgrass, at full or reduced doses with adjuvants, and a modified pH of the solutions. The contact angle and surface tension of liquid spray drops, as well as the shear viscosity of individual solutions, were also tested. Results indicated that at a low pH of the spray liquid (4), the use of a reduced dose of sulcotrione with adjuvant based on methylated rapeseed oil can increase the effectiveness of barnyardgrass control to the same level as at the full dose of herbicide. The use of adjuvants contributed to the reduction in the contact angle and the surface tension of liquid spray droplets. No significant differences in shear viscosity were observed f...