Risto Raitio - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Risto Raitio

Journal of high energy physics, gravitation and cosmology, 2024

arXiv (Cornell University), Jan 25, 2023

In search of a phenomenological model that would describe physics from Big Bang to the Standard M... more In search of a phenomenological model that would describe physics from Big Bang to the Standard Model (SM), we propose a model with the following properties (i) above an energy about Λ cr > 10 16 GeV there are Wess-Zumino supersymmetric preons and Chern-Simons (CS) fields, (ii) at Λ cr ∼ 10 16 GeV spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking takes place in the CS sector and the generated topological mass provides an attractive interaction to equal charge preons, (iii) well below 10 16 GeV the model reduces to the standard model with essentially pointlike quarks and leptons, having a radius ∼ 1/Λ cr ≈ 10 −31 m. The baryon asymmetry turns out to have a fortuitous ratio n B /n γ 1.

To extend the standard model at Planck scale energies I propose a phenomenological model of quant... more To extend the standard model at Planck scale energies I propose a phenomenological model of quantum black holes and dark matter. I assume that at the center of any black hole there is a Schwarzschild core object of size L Planck. The core replaces the singularity of general relativity. A simple phenomenological model is presented for the core. In the high curvature t ∼ 0 universe a core is spontaneously created in a false vacuum. Subsequently it tunnels into the true vacuum causing an inflationary process in the universe.

Lecture Notes in Physics, 1983

arXiv (Cornell University), Jul 24, 2023

We analyze the role of supersymmetry in nature. We extend our previous model of particles and cos... more We analyze the role of supersymmetry in nature. We extend our previous model of particles and cosmology beyond its critical energy scale at about 10 16 Gev. We assume that there are three main phases in the evolving universe. The first is topological gravity phase, the second a brief Chern-Simons phase, and the third the standard model (SM) gauge phase. In our scenario supersymmetry (SUSY) appears in all phases but in the third phase confined in topological preons, which form quarks and leptons. The confined SUSY (cSUSY) is supported by the lack of observation of squarks and sleptons. cSUSY also provides a natural mechanism for matter-antimatter asymmetry. The possible relationship of this tentative scenario to quantum gravity and the role of UV-completeness are disclosed.

Physica Scripta, Apr 1, 1973

We propose a way to describe three body final state reactions by one essential invariant variable... more We propose a way to describe three body final state reactions by one essential invariant variable. As an example we discuss the application of the method to the reaction pp --&gt; ppi+n.

Nuclear Physics B, Jun 1, 1972

The 1500 MeV and 1700 MeV enhancements observed in the pnn system are analyzed. It is found that ... more The 1500 MeV and 1700 MeV enhancements observed in the pnn system are analyzed. It is found that the 1500 MeV effect is not a pure angular momentum state. Neither t-nor s-channel helicity is conserved. The 1700 MeV effect gives good fits to J = 3 and s decaying to prrn. In the decay mode A++rr-s 3 J-i is preferred over ?-. Moment analysis shows consistency with t-rather than s-channel helicity conservation.

Physical review, Feb 1, 1979

We estimate the Higgs-boson production cross sections dcrldy and. do. idydqT aty=Oin p(P)p collis... more We estimate the Higgs-boson production cross sections dcrldy and. do. idydqT aty=Oin p(P)p collisions by calculating the subprocess gluon+ gluon~Higgs boson+ heavy-quark-antiquark pair. The problem of Higgs-boson (H) production was studied earl. ier. ' 4 Because of the lower bounds on the mass of H that have been proposed, ' it ap

viXra, Mar 1, 2017

A preon model for the substructure of the the standard model quarks and leptons is discussed. Glo... more A preon model for the substructure of the the standard model quarks and leptons is discussed. Global group representations for preons, quarks and leptons are addressed using two preons and their antiparticles. The preon construction endorses the standard model gauge group structure. Preons are subject to electromagnetic and gravitational interactions only. Gravity with torsion, expressed as an axial-vector eld, is applied to preons in the energy range between GUT and Planck scale. The mass of the axial-vector particle is estimated to be near the GUT scale. A tentative model for quantum gravity, excluding black holes, is considered.

Journal of high energy physics, gravitation and cosmology, 2023

A previous preon scenario for the standard model particles, based on unbroken supersymmetry, is a... more A previous preon scenario for the standard model particles, based on unbroken supersymmetry, is applied to the problem of matter-antimatter asymmetry. Attention is paid to the fact that the asymmetric hydrogen atom-like all atoms-can be described in terms of symmetric preons. Preons are created in the early universe. The matter-antimatter asymmetry is caused by stochastic correlations in charge density fluctuations of preons and antipreons and by the subsequent preon combinatorial mechanism to form quarks and leptons, and finally the three lightest elements. A tentative gravitino mass estimate is given based on minimal interference with nucleosynthesis. With local supersymmetry the scenario can be extended to supergravity.

Nuclear Physics B

viXra, Dec 1, 2016

I consider the standard model, together with a preon version of it, to search for unifying princi... more I consider the standard model, together with a preon version of it, to search for unifying principles between quantum particles and general relativity. Argument is given for unied eld theory being based on gravitational and electromagnetic interactions alone. Conformal symmetry is introduced in the action of gravity with the Weyl tensor. Electromagnetism is geometrized to conform with gravity. Conformal symmetry is seen to improve quantization in loop quantum gravity. The Einstein-Cartan theory with torsion is analyzed suggesting structure in spacetime below the Cartan scale. A toy model for black hole constituents is proposed. Higgs metastability hints at cyclic conformal cosmology.

A previous composite particle scenario based on unbroken global supersymmetry is extended to five... more A previous composite particle scenario based on unbroken global supersymmetry is extended to five dimensions as a proposal for a unified model of matter and interactions. It is proposed that the strong and weak interactions decouple at the fundamental UV level of particle theory. A preon scenario for baryon and lepton asymmetry is presented. With local supersymmetry one arrives at supergravity as a framework for phenomenological model development towards UV finite theory.

A scenario of particles with unbroken supersymmetry has been proposed recently, a supersymmetric ... more A scenario of particles with unbroken supersymmetry has been proposed recently, a supersymmetric preon model. It offers an economic basis for constructing the standard model particles and going beyond it to supergravity. The model predicts that the standard model's superpartners do not exist in nature. The article is largely a review of selected papers. The model is tentatively explored towards quark and lepton structure. The supersymmetric Wess-Zumino and Starobinsky type of models of inflation are discussed. Both are found to agree well with the Plank 2018 CMB data, thus giving experimental support to supersymmetry on an energy scale of 10 13 GeV. Some future directions are hinted.

viXra, 2015

To complete the standard model I propose a phenomenological model of quantum black holes and dark... more To complete the standard model I propose a phenomenological model of quantum black holes and dark matter. I assume that at the center of any black hole there is a Kerr (Schwarzschild) core object of size LPlanck. The core replaces the general relativity singularity of the black hole. A simple phenomenological model is presented for the core. During very early ination the overlapping wave functions of the cores caused rapid expansion of the universe. Gravitons condensated around the cores to form primordial black holes which evolve into dark matter in the big bang together with the standard model particles. PACS 04.60.Bc

The supersymmetric preon model [1] is based on simplest possible superfields of which the standar... more The supersymmetric preon model [1] is based on simplest possible superfields of which the standard model can be constructed. The preon model offers a natural framework for supersymmetry breaking mediated dynamically by gravity. The SUSY breaking interaction Lagrangian contains supersymmetric preon, aka. `hidden' and visible sector MSSM fields. The low energy limit of the preon model is proposed to be the standard model with broken supersymmetry.

Consenting to negative results in standard model superpartner search at the LHC and elsewhere an ... more Consenting to negative results in standard model superpartner search at the LHC and elsewhere an alternative point of view has been proposed, a preon model with unbroken supersymmetry. It offers a natural basis for constructing the standard model and going beyond it. Significance of the supersymmetric particle model to superstring theory is discussed briefly on the basis of Weinberg rationale.

I propose a simple model for quarks and leptons in order to analyze what could be the building bl... more I propose a simple model for quarks and leptons in order to analyze what could be the building blocks of the Standard Model of particles. I start with the least number of elementary fields and generate using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model light masses for the subconstituent fermions. The NJL coupling constant turns out to be of the order of the gravitational coupling constant.

A preon model for standard model particles is proposed based on spin 1 2 fermion and spin 0 boson... more A preon model for standard model particles is proposed based on spin 1 2 fermion and spin 0 boson constituents. The preons are quantum mechanical strings. Implications to the number of generations, heavy boson states, and dark matter are briefly considered.

Consenting to negative results in standard model superpartner search at the LHC and elsewhere I p... more Consenting to negative results in standard model superpartner search at the LHC and elsewhere I propose an alternative point of view, a preon model with unbroken supersymmetry. It offers a natural basis for constructing the standard model and going beyond it. Pivotal significance of preon supersymmetry to superstring theory is discussed briefly.