Raakhi Tripathi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Raakhi Tripathi

Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2019

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to study the adaptogenic effect of Chlorophytum borivilianum(CB) on... more OBJECTIVES: The objective was to study the adaptogenic effect of Chlorophytum borivilianum(CB) on physical performance when exposed to accustomed activity (AA) and unaccustomed activity (UA) and the effect of CB on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) in the presence of UA and the effect on muscle strength in comparison with placebo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical study was initiated after ethics committee approval in healthy volunteers with fixed-dose regimen. Consented volunteers (n = 60) were assigned randomly into two groups of study drug (3 g/day) or placebo (3 g/day) for 2 months. They were evaluated at days 0, 30, and 60 with physical stressors (6-min walk test [6MWT] – distance, HR, and BP; 6-min exercise test [6ETC] – distance, maximum and average speed; and fixed workload test [FWT] – systolic BP, diastolic BP [DBP], and HR on cycle ergometer) and Jammar's dynamometer test for handgrip strength test on each visit. RESULTS: In 6MWT in CB group, distance on day 30 (456 ± 42.1) and day 60 (468.3 ± 0.4) was significantly increased when compared with day 30 (422.6 ± 45.7) and day 60 (419.6 ± 45.1) of the placebo group. On day 60, distance in 6ETC in CB group was 2.92 ± 0.6 which was significantly more than that of placebo group 2.4 ± 0.6. On day 60, in FWT, DBP in the CB group was 75.8 ± 4.4 which was significantly low compared to the placebo group 82.4 ± 7.4 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CB increased physical performance when exposed to AA even after one month and in case of UA increase in performance was seen when CB was administered for two months thus validating its adaptogenic (anti-stress) potential.

Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effect of online videos along with traditional teaching on learning ph... more Objective: To evaluate the effect of online videos along with traditional teaching on learning pharmacotherapeutic skills. Materials and Methods: Eight videos illustrating skills required for drug administration by parenteral and inhalational routes were developed and uploaded along with additional resource materials on a dedicated website. Following an online pretest, two practicals on routes of drug administration were conducted for 181 II MBBS students. They were then allowed to voluntarily watch the videos. Video usage, change in knowledge (pre- and post-video observation test score), and performance (Objective Structured Clinical Examination [OSCE] scores of two internal assessments) and perceptions (using prevalidated questionnaire) were recorded. Results: The average number of videos watched/student was 7.50 ± 1.30, whereas the average number of times each video watched was 1.50 ± 0.094. Only 39 students watched the videos before the first internal assessment were found to have statistically higher OSCE score compared to others who failed to watch (P = 0.006). The latter group watched the videos subsequently and showed improvement in their OSCE scores in the second internal assessment as compared to the first one (14.28 ± 3.26; P = 0.001). Students (93.10%) perceived the online videos as useful teaching tools, which helped them to understand and retain the sequence of procedural steps of the skills better. Conclusion: Drug administration skills when taught using a blend of traditional teaching methods and online videos, improved the performance with added reinforcement. Student acceptability was high indicating online videos can serve as a supplementary tool.

Didactic lectures are traditionally most commonly used for teaching undergraduate medical student... more Didactic lectures are traditionally most commonly used for teaching undergraduate medical students. Some drawbacks of didactic lectures can be overcome by supplementing with novel teaching techniques. The current study was conducted to evaluate student-conducted symposium as a teaching learning tool in the subject of Pharmacology. Three symposia were conducted by randomly selected 20 students for each symposium, from a batch of 180 students of second year undergraduate medical students. The perception of students who conducted symposia and those who attended as audience was evaluated by using separate questionnaires. The performance was also assessed by giving a multiple choice question (MCQ) test.Students who got the opportunity to conduct symposium gave far more positive opinions about the teaching tool than those who passively attended the session. For example, 94% of the students conducting symposium opined that 'the knowledge acquired via this teaching...

Background: Integration of subjects, facilitates acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes t... more Background: Integration of subjects, facilitates acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes to ‘theoretical’ subjects in a clinical context in comparison to traditional teaching. The utility of integrated lecture modules (ILM) was accordingly planned and the objective of the study was to evaluate the performance and to document the perception of year II MBBS students exposed to both the integrated and didactic lecture modules. Materials and Methods: The project was executed on 140 consented year II MBBS students who were randomly divided into 2 groups; group I (n=70) was exposed to didactic lecture (DLG), group II (n=70) to integrated lecture (ILG). The didactic lectures were taken by Pharmacology faculty, while integrated lectures by Pharmacology, Preventive and Social Medicine and Pediatrics faculty. Before the session, students appeared for a pretest consisting of 20 MCQs. Following the post test, the evaluation of the perception of students regarding this study was done by a...

Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2016

Objectives: Underreporting and poor quality of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports pose a challen... more Objectives: Underreporting and poor quality of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports pose a challenge for the Pharmacovigilance Program of India. A module to impart knowledge and skills of ADR reporting to MBBS students was developed and evaluated. Materials and Methods: The module consisted of (a) e-mailing an ADR narrative and online filling of the “suspected ADR reporting form” (SARF) and (b) a week later, practical on ADR reporting was conducted followed by online filling of SARF postpractical at 1 and 6 months. SARF was an 18-item form with a total score of 36. The module was implemented in the year 2012–2013. Feedback from students and faculty was taken using 15-item prevalidated feedback questionnaires. The module was modified based on the feedback and implemented for the subsequent batch in the year 2013–2014. The evaluation consisted of recording the number of students responding and the scores achieved. Results: A total of 171 students in 2012–2013 batch and 179 in 2013–2014 batch participated. In the 2012–2013 batch, the number of students filling the SARF decreased from basal: 171; 1 month: 122; 6 months: 17. The average scores showed improvement from basal 16.2 (45%) to 26.4 (73%) at 1 month and to 27.3 (76%) at 6 months. For the 2013–2014 batch, the number (n = 179) remained constant throughout and the average score progressively increased from basal 10.5 (30%) to 27.8 (77%) at 1 month and 30.3 (84%) at 6 months. Conclusion: This module improved the accuracy of filling SARF by students and this subsequently will led to better ADR reporting. Hence, this module can be used to inculcate better ADR reporting practices in budding physicians.

Indian Journal of Pharmacology, Dec 21, 2022

Journal of The Association of Physicians of India

Aim: Irrational use of medicines is a global problem. In India, one contributing factor is the av... more Aim: Irrational use of medicines is a global problem. In India, one contributing factor is the availability of a large number of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs). To improve rational use and to strengthen policies, it is important to assess the usage patterns and rationality of FDCs. Methods: This study was conducted as part of a 1-year prospective cross-sectional analysis of prescriptions in the outpatient clinics of broad specialities from 13 tertiary care hospitals across India. Five most commonly prescribed FDCs in each center were analyzed. In addition, all the prescribed FDCs were classified as per the Kokate Committee classification and it was noted whether any of the FDCs were irrational or banned as per the reference lists released by regulatory authorities. Results: A total of 4,838 prescriptions were analyzed. Of these, 2,093 (43.3%) prescriptions had at least one FDC. These 2,093 prescriptions had 366 different FDCs. Of the 366 FDCs, 241 were rational; 10 were irrational; ...

Indian Journal of Pharmacology, Feb 2, 2023

The Anatomical Record

PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease wor... more PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease worldwide. S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe), a methyl donor that plays an important role in DNA methylation, could replenish the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of SAMe in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat models of PD and elucidated the underlying mechanism. METHODS PD model rats were developed by injecting 6-OHDA stereotaxically into the striatum. In Phase 1 of the study, we performed the neurobehavioral tests, GSH assay, and histopathology to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of SAMe. The animals were treated with SAMe (150 or 300 mg/kg body weight) orally for 28 days. The positive control group received selegiline (5 mg/kg), whereas the disease control group received normal saline. In Phase 2, we evaluated the striatal dopamine levels and performed DNA methylation assay to uncover the mechanism of action of SAMe. In this phase, a higher dose of SAMe (300 mg/kg) was used. RESULTS SAMe (300 mg/kg) treatment for 4 weeks significantly attenuated the abnormal circling behavior in PD rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, SAMe at both doses (150 and 300 mg/kg) enhanced the performance of PD rats in the open field test and stepping test (p < 0.05). SAMe treatment significantly increased the GSH levels, and at high dose, SAMe restricted neuronal loss in the striatum of PD-model rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, SAMe treatment led to a significant recovery in the dopamine levels and improved the DNA methylation status in the dopaminergic neurons (p < 0.05) of PD model rats. CONCLUSION SAMe exhibits antioxidant activity and DNA methylation modulating effects in 6-OHDA model PD rats. Moreover, SAMe prevents neuronal loss in PD rats suggesting that SAMe has therapeutic potential in preventing PD development. The neuroprotective potential of SAMe is greater at high doses.

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 2021

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with high relapse rates, and medication nonadherence is a... more Background: Schizophrenia is associated with high relapse rates, and medication nonadherence is a major factor contributing toward relapse. Since medication adherence and treatment awareness are linked, an alarming need was felt to evaluate the level of drug treatment awareness in patients who have schizophrenia. Besides, patients who have schizophrenia are often dependent on their caregivers for medications. Hence, the current study was also designed to look into drug treatment awareness among caregivers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia as per The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition were included, provided they had good insight and had been prescribed medications at the study center for at least three months. Caregivers were included using the Pollak and Perlick criteria. The sociodemographic profile of the patients and caregivers was recorded, and further assessment for treatment...

Social Science Research Network, 2021

Perspectives in Clinical Research, 2022

Background: There is need of novel methods of teaching subject of pharmacology, which will increa... more Background: There is need of novel methods of teaching subject of pharmacology, which will increase curiosity and retention of knowledge. At the same time, the new method should be student friendly and well accepted. Hence reinforcing learning model (RLM) was developed and current study is conducted to assess perception of students about this method. Methodology: The perception of students was assessed on Likert scale using a 15 point questionnaire. The data was analysed descriptively. Results: Majority of the students (more than 50 %) gave favourable opinion about the module. Majority of them gave neutral opinion (40 %) when asked whether the session should be optional in the curriculum. Conclusion: RLM followed by discussion can be a valuable tool to reinforce didactic method of teaching pharmacology. [Sarkate P NJIRM 2015; 6(2):101-104] Introduction: Pharmacology is a vast, ever expanding and volatile subject. There is a need to supplement the traditional teaching learning method...

Protocol deviations (PDs) may jeopardize safety, rights, and welfare of subjects and data integri... more Protocol deviations (PDs) may jeopardize safety, rights, and welfare of subjects and data integrity. There is scarce literature and no guidelines for Institutional Ethics Committees (IECs) to process PD reports. The PD reports submitted to IECs from Jan 2011 to August 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Types of studies reporting PDs, category and type of PDs, PD rate per participant, time of reporting PD since its occurrence and corrective actions stated by principal investigator (PI) for major deviations were noted. Out of 447 PDs from 73/1387 total studies received during study period, 402 were from 126 pharma studies. Investigator initiated studies and dissertations reported negligible PDs. Median number of PDs was 4 per protocol. Out of 447 PDs, 304 were related to study procedure, 87, 47 and 9 were from safety, informed consent document (ICD) and eligibility category respectively. The most common reason for PDs was incomplete ICD (22/47). Maximum study procedure related PDs we...

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2017