Rachid Jaoudi - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rachid Jaoudi

Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy

Introduction: Global consumption of antibiotics (ATBs) has increased by about 65% over the last 1... more Introduction: Global consumption of antibiotics (ATBs) has increased by about 65% over the last 15 years. It was exponentially boosted in low and middle income countries. Bacterial resistance to ATBs is now one of the most serious threats to global health and is daily faced by all healthcare actors. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) published an action plan to combat ATBs resistance, encouraging member states to develop their own national action plans. The objective of our study is to provide a state of the art reflecting the consumption patterns of ATBs in pharmacy stores. Material and methods: Our descriptive study lasted for 3 months and included all consenting patients presenting to a pharmacy of the city of Rabat (Morocco) for antibiotic treatment either on medical prescription, pharmaceutical advice or self-medication. The total number of included patients was 150. Results: Among 166 ATBs dispensed to 150 study patients, beta-lactam family represents the most consum...

The transmembrane glycoprotein CD36, which is responsible of the metabolic disorders, and the ele... more The transmembrane glycoprotein CD36, which is responsible of the metabolic disorders, and the elevated intake of fat induces lipid buildup, is a multifunctional scavenger receptor signaling those functions in high-affinity tissue uptake of long-chain fatty acids. In this study, we used series of molecular dynamics simulations of the wild type and mutants types K164A CD36 protein interacting with one Palmitic acid (PLM) besides simulations of the wild type interacting with the three PLM to find out the mechanism of the functioning of the complex CD36/Fatty acids and the unraveling of the role of the mutation. Additionally we determined whether Lys164, mostly exposed to protein surface, played important roles in fatty acid uptake. These simulations revealed, the conformational changes induced by Lys164 residue and the altered interactions induced by the mutagenesis of surface lysine that was badly influencing the folding, utility, solubility, and stability form of the variant. Further...

Medecine Therapeutique Medecine de la Reproduction

Résumé. Le bisphénol A est un composé chimique issu de la réaction entre le phénol et l'acéto... more Résumé. Le bisphénol A est un composé chimique issu de la réaction entre le phénol et l'acétone. C'est un monomère chimique utilisé dans la production du polycarbonate et des résines époxy-phénoliques lesquels sont utilisés dans plusieurs domaines (alimentation, dentis-terie, papeterie, dispositifs médicaux, etc.). La principale source d'exposition de la population générale au bisphénol A serait alimentaire par passage dans l'aliment ou la boisson à partir des polymères en plastiques et résines époxy, utilisés pour les emballer. Le bisphénol A est un perturbateur endocrinien avec une activité oestrogénique. Il entraîne une diminution de la production du sperme, augmente le volume de la prostate et altère le développement de la morphologie vaginale et du cycle oestrogénique ; d'autres études ont suggéré l'effet sur la thyroïde, la prostate, le système cardiovasculaire, il pourrait induire le diabète de type 2, ainsi que des anomalies enzymatiques du foie. Les ...

Arab journal of nephrology and transplantation, 2012

The Saharan horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) is a common snake in the sandy and rocky regions in ... more The Saharan horned viper (Cerastes cerastes) is a common snake in the sandy and rocky regions in the south of Morocco. Although nearly all snakes with medical relevance can induce acute renal failure (ARF), it's unusual except with bites by some viper species. ARF has very rarely been reported following Cerastes cerastes bite. A 55-year-old Moroccan man was bitten on his right hand by a Saharan horned viper, Cerastes cerastes. He presented 24 hours later in a state of confusion, agitation and hypotension with marked swelling of his right hand. Investigations revealed evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and rhabdomyolysis. The appropriate antivenom was not available. Despite adequate hydration, he developed acute renal failure necessitating prolonged hemodialysis. He subsequently improved and was discharged from the hospital after four weeks with normal renal function. Although uncommon, the bite of Cerastes cerastes can result in ARF due to DIC and rhabdomyo...

ISRN Nephrology, 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress marker... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress marker in the same hemodialysis patients after changing the quality of dialysate with ultrapure dialysis fluid. Methods. This prospective study concerns hemodialysis patients; all patients were in the first step treated with conventional dialysate, and in the second step (three months later) the same patients were treated with online produced ultrapure dialysis fluid. The malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, fibrinogen, and albumin were quantified before the two steps. Results. Thirty-seven patients completed the study. Ultrapure dialysis fluid reduced but not significantly the malondialdehyde concentrations. Both dialysis fluids were associated with improvement in the malondialdehyde level before and after the hemodialysis session. In lipid parameters, there was a significant decrease with conventional dialys...

Therapies, 2010

To estimate the relative frequency of reported adverse drug reactions during the malaria chemopro... more To estimate the relative frequency of reported adverse drug reactions during the malaria chemoprophylactic period of the Moroccan contingent in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The transversal survey involved all military personnel of the Moroccan contingent and was carried out using a questionnaire to be filled out by a multidisciplinary medical team. It was performed in all the military sites and the advanced posts accessible during the period of the study. The study involved 362 male military subjects. Ninety-four adverse drug reactions were described: neuropsychiatric (anxiety, irritability, dizziness...) [n=76], digestive (anorexia, diarrhea, nausea...) [n=42], cardiovascular (tachycardia, palpitation, precordialgia...) [n=5], musculoskeletal (arthralgia, cramps) [n=4], cutaneous (redness, purpura) [n=2], and other (n=13). No &amp;amp;amp;quot;unexpected&amp;amp;amp;quot; or &amp;amp;amp;quot;serious&amp;amp;amp;quot; adverse drug reaction was reported. The causality assessment score was determined in 94 cases. Two of these reports were rated &amp;amp;amp;quot;likely&amp;amp;amp;quot;, 12 &amp;amp;amp;quot;possible&amp;amp;amp;quot; and 80 doubtful. More adverse drug reactions were reported by subjects having medical and paramedical functions. During our study, mefloquine induced adverse drug reactions in a quarter of the treated subjects. Most of the adverse drug reactions were neuropsychiatric. No &amp;amp;amp;quot;serious&amp;amp;amp;quot; adverse drug reactions were reported underlying the interest of its use, even for long-term chemoprophylaxis.

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012

This study aimed to analyze the fluoride concentration in tap drinking water in different cities ... more This study aimed to analyze the fluoride concentration in tap drinking water in different cities of Morocco using an electrochemical ion-selective method. Three samples were collected from each thirteen selected cities in the period between March and May 2011. The median value of fluoride was 0.94 mg/L (0.21-2.97). High fluoride concentrations ([0.8 mg/L) were found in sixteen cities. Very high values were found in phosphate regions such as Khouribga which is known to be an endemic dental fluorosis area. This study has shown that the concentration of fluoride in drinking water exceeds the limit especially in phosphate regions.

Advances in Toxicology and Toxic Effects, 2019

Snakebites are a real health problem in Morocco because of the diversity of the ophidian fauna an... more Snakebites are a real health problem in Morocco because of the diversity of the ophidian fauna and the signifi cant morbidity and mortality if treatment measures are delayed. The Moroccan Poison Control Center reports hundreds of snakebites every year. Being aware of this problem, Morocco started to set up a specifi c strategy for the control of snakebites since 2008. This strategy has allowed the implementation of a specifi c snakebite information system, the standardized guidelines for snakebite treatment and the acquisition and distribution of an adequate antivenom. These measures have led to an increased number of snakebites with better therapeutic management but despite these efforts, snakebites remain underestimated in Morocco.

The SARS-CoV-2 identified as coronavirus species associated with severe acute respiratory syndrom... more The SARS-CoV-2 identified as coronavirus species associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. At the time of writing, the genetic diversity of Moroccan strains of SARS-CoV-2 is poorly documented. The present study aims to analyze and identify the genetic variants of fortyeight Moroccan strains of SARS-CoV-2 collected from mid-March to the end of May and the prediction of their possible sources. Our results revealed 108 mutations in Moroccan SARS-CoV-2, 50% were non-synonymous were present in seven genes (S, M, N, E, ORF1ab, ORF3a, and ORF8) with variable frequencies. Remarkably, eight non-synonymous mutations were predicted to have a deleterious effect for (ORF1ab, ORF3a, and the N protein. The analysis of the haplotype network of Moroccan strains suggests different sources of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Morocco. Likewise, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Moroccan strains were closely related to those belonging to the five continents, indicating no specific strain dom...

L’accès au médicament est un facteur vital au développement sanitaire des populations, qui doit ê... more L’accès au médicament est un facteur vital au développement sanitaire des populations, qui doit être garanti par l’Etat. Cette accessibilité reste avant tout tributaire du prix de vente final dont la détermination relève de la responsabilité du ministère de la santé. Au Maroc, malgré que la réglementation en vigueur a contribué à une baisse significative des prix de certains segments thérapeutiques, l’accessibilité au médicament reste très en deçà des attentes des consommateurs. De leur part, les professionnels du secteur, qui s’estiment être lésés, restent en attente d’une révision à la hausse des prix. Devant cette situation, les pouvoirs publics doivent réfléchir à un éventuel amendement de la réglementation relative aux conditions et aux modalités de fixation du prix des médicaments permettant de réaliser l’équilibre souhaité entre, d’une part, les intérêts légitimes des professionnels de l’industrie pharmaceutique, des sociétés de distribution et des pharmaciens d’officine, et ...

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

Background. Pharmacy professionals, as the most available members of medical team, have an import... more Background. Pharmacy professionals, as the most available members of medical team, have an important role in educating patients about Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction (CADR). Our aim was to evaluate pharmacists’ knowledge of the cutaneous drug reaction, and their recommendations under hypothetical situations, through a written questionnaire. Methods. based cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists working at the private sector of the rabat-sale-zemmour-zaer region using a structured interviewing questionnaire. Results. Ninety- eight pharmacists completed the questionnaire (response rate 48%). The mean overall score was 52.87 ± 23.19% correct answers. The majority of pharmacists (66,32 %) estimated that they view more than a Patient with CADR each month, and only forty-seven pharmacists underwent CADR related training during the year preceding the survey. Pharmacists obtained the highest correct scores on the true/false statements inquiring about Cutaneous reaction due to drugs definition, classification and the most common medication classes implicated in Cutaneous reaction due to drugs, Overall, the true/false questions were relatively easier to address, compared with the multiple choice questions (63.60 ± 13.15% vs. 51.18 ± 24.12%, respectively; p < 0.01). Only 14 pharmacists were familiar with Cutaneous reaction due to drugs sach as ( Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia, contact dermatitis, Nail Disorders, bullous pemphigoid ). Longer time since training completion was associated with a lower total score (38,77 ± 9% vs. 61,22 ± 11% for the pharmacists who were in practice 5 years or less and those with longer time in practice, respectively; p < 0.05). Conclusion. Pharmacists were knowledgeable regarding some aspects of CADR. However, our study, as in previous studies among health care professionals, identified some gaps in knowledge. These findings indicate the need for better education of pharmacists regarding CADR and its supported.

Bioinformatics and Biology Insights

The global burden of infections and the rapid spread of viral diseases show the need for new appr... more The global burden of infections and the rapid spread of viral diseases show the need for new approaches in the prevention and development of effective therapies. To this end, we aimed to explore novel inhibitor compounds that can stop replication or decrease the viral load of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), for which there is currently no approved treatment. Besides using the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor as a main gate, the CoV-2 can bind to the glucose-regulating protein 78 (GRP78) receptor to get into the cells to start an infection. Here, we report potential inhibitors comprising small molecules and peptides that could interfere with the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and its target cells by blocking the recognition of the GRP78 cellular receptor by the viral Spike protein. These inhibitors were discovered through an approach of in silico screening of available databases of bioactive peptides and polyphenolic compounds and the a...

Microbiology Resource Announcements

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of six severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2... more Here, we report the draft genome sequences of six severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains. SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, which started at the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China. The isolates were obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs from Moroccan patients with COVID-19. Mutation analysis revealed the presence of the spike D614G mutation in all six genomes, which is widely present in several genomes around the world.

In Morocco two waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections have been recorded. The first one occurred from Mar... more In Morocco two waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections have been recorded. The first one occurred from March 02, 2020 with infections mostly imported from Europe and the second one dominated by local infections.At the time of writing, the genetic diversity of Moroccan isolates of SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been reported. The present study aimed to analyze first the genomic variation of the twenty-eight Moroccan strains of SARS-CoV-2 isolated from March 03, 2020 to May 15, 2020, to compare their distributions with twelve other viral genomes from North Africa as well as to identify their possible sources.Our finding revealed 61 mutations in the Moroccan genomes of SARS-CoV-2 compared to the reference sequence Wuhan-Hu-1/2019, of them 23 (37.7%) were present in two or more genomes. Focusing on non-synonymous mutations, 29 (47.54%) were distributed in five genes (ORF1ab, spike, membrane, nucleocapsid and ORF3a) with variable frequencies. The non-structural protein coding regions nsp3-Multi domain an...

The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has been ongoing since its onset in late November ... more The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has been ongoing since its onset in late November 2019 in Wuhan, China. To date, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 8 million people worldwide and killed over 5% of them. Efforts are being made all over the world to control the spread of the disease and most importantly to develop a vaccine. Understanding the genetic evolution of the virus, its geographic characteristics and stability is particularly important for developing a universal vaccine covering all circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2 and for predicting its efficacy. In this perspective, we analyzed the sequences of 30,983 complete genomes from 80 countries located in six geographical zones (Africa, Asia, Europe, North & South America, and Oceania) isolated from December 24, 2019 to May 13, 2020, and compared them to the reference genome. Our in-depth analysis revealed the presence of 3,206 variant sites compared to the reference Wuhan-Hu-1 genome, with a distribution tha...

In late December 2019, an emerging viral infection COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China, and b... more In late December 2019, an emerging viral infection COVID-19 was identified in Wuhan, China, and became a global pandemic. Characterization of the genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial in following and evaluating it spread across countries. In this study, we collected and analyzed 3,067 SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from 55 countries during the first three months after the onset of this virus. Using comparative genomics analysis, we traced the profiles of the whole-genome mutations and compared the frequency of each mutation in the studied population. The accumulation of mutations during the epidemic period with their geographic locations was also monitored. The results showed 782 variant sites, of which 512 (65.47%) had a non-synonymous effect. Frequencies of mutated alleles revealed the presence of 38 recurrent non-synonymous mutations, including ten hotspot mutations with a prevalence higher than 0.10 in this population and distributed in six SARS-CoV-2 genes. The distribution o...

Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique

Resume Contexte Tout sejour en zone endemique impose une prophylaxie. La mefloquine est un derive... more Resume Contexte Tout sejour en zone endemique impose une prophylaxie. La mefloquine est un derive de la quinine, commercialisee depuis 1970, elle est utilisee dans le traitement et la prophylaxie du paludisme pour les formes resistantes a la chloroquine. C’est un schizonticide agissant sur les formes intra-erythrocytaires des differents Plasmodium spp. L’objectif de notre travail est d’evaluer la survenue des effets indesirables lors de la chimioprophylaxie antipaludeenne au niveau du contingent marocain en Republique Democratique du Congo (RDC). Methodes L’enquete de type transversal, concerne les militaires du contingent marocain en RDC. Elle est realisee via un questionnaire rempli par une equipe medicale pluridisciplinaire en interrogeant les sujets dans tous les sites et les postes avances militaires accessibles pendant la periode de l’etude. Resultats L’etude portait sur 546 sujets militaires masculins. Deux cent trente-deux reactions indesirables ont ete decrites : neuropsychiatrique (anxiete, irritabilite, etourdissements [n = 142]), digestive (anorexie, diarrhee, nausee [n = 63]), cardiovasculaire (tachycardie, palpitations, precordialgie [n = 8]), musculosquelettique (arthralgie, crampes [n = 9]), cutane (rougeur, purpura [n = 3]) et autres (n = 7). Aucune reaction indesirable « inattendue » ou « grave » n’a ete signalee. L’imputabilite a ete etablie pour tous les cas d’effets indesirables (232 cas). Elle a ete cotee « douteuse » (I1) pour 183 cas (78,87 %), « plausible » (I2) pour 46 cas (19,82 %) et « vraisemblable » (I3) dans trois cas (1,29 %). Les enquetes ayant des fonctions medicales et paramedicales declarent plus d’effets indesirables. Conclusion Lors de notre etude, la mefloquine a provoque des effets indesirables chez 1/3 des sujets la recevant. La plupart des effets indesirables sont de nature neuropsychiatrique ; aucun cas d’effet indesirable « grave » n’a ete releve ce qui renforce l’interet de son utilisation en curatif et en preventif meme pendant des traitements de prophylaxie de longue duree, sous reserve du respect des precautions d’emploi et des contre-indications notamment neuropsychiatriques.