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Papers by Rachid Makhloufi

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Study on Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives in Turbulent Pipe Flow

Strömungssimulation im Wasserbau (Flow Simulation in Hydraulic Engineering), 2006

Schleppspannungsverminderung wurden für verschiedene Temperaturen und Rohrdurchmesser durchgeführ... more Schleppspannungsverminderung wurden für verschiedene Temperaturen und Rohrdurchmesser durchgeführt. Zeitgleich wurden Messungen zur räumlichen Geschwindigkeitsverteilung an der Tensidströmung mit der Hilfe eines PIV-Systems (particle image velocimetry) durchgeführt.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence du diamètre sur la réduction de la trainée par l'ajout de tensioactifs en écoulement turbulent

Some additives in solutions (polymers or surfactants, for example) can reduce the friction coeffi... more Some additives in solutions (polymers or surfactants, for example) can reduce the friction coefficient in turbulent flow compared to the water flow (up to 80%). Several parameters such as temperature, concentration and the addition or not of contre-ions were largely studied, but this is not the case of the diameter: this is the subject of this study. The pressure drop and the vortex structures are studied with field measurements obtained by PIV. Mots clefs : reduction de la trainee, additifs, turbulence, frottement.

Research paper thumbnail of Study by DNS of the effects of a shear thickening law on the Taylor-Couette flow

The pattern formation and stability of a drag reducing fluid in a Taylor-Couette geometry is stud... more The pattern formation and stability of a drag reducing fluid in a Taylor-Couette geometry is studied here by Direct Numerical Simulation. When compared to the Newtonian case, DNS experiments performed on this fluid (shear-thinning with a local shear thickening) show differences in the transition from the Taylor Vortex Flow to the Fully Turbulent Flow : the Wavy Vortex Flow and Modulated Vortices Flow are inhibited and replaced by a disturbed TVF and the Turbulent Taylor Vortex flow presents only two non-circular cells. Furthermore, the larger values of Ref for the drag-reducing fluid, compared to the values of Re in the Newtonian fluid, indicate a delay in the appearance of the turbulence.

Research paper thumbnail of Caracterisation par diffusion de la lumiere des proprietes hydrodynamiques et structurales de solutions micellaires de tensio-actifs

Http Www Theses Fr, 1989

Une etude par diffusion elastique et quasi-elastique de la lumiere a ete realisee sur deux sortes... more Une etude par diffusion elastique et quasi-elastique de la lumiere a ete realisee sur deux sortes de dispersions colloidales: des solutions de micelles cylindriques geantes formees a partir de tensioactifs cationiques en presence de sel, et des dispersions de particules metalliques stabilisees par des tensioactifs. Les variations en fonction de la fraction volumique de la phase dispersee et de la temperature, du coefficient de diffusion cooperatif et de l'intensite diffusee, par des solutions aqueuses micellaires de chlorure de cetyltrimethylammonium en presence de chlorure de sodium sont etudiees

Research paper thumbnail of Microscopic theory for the rheology and structure of wormlike micelles

Les Cahiers De Rheologie, 1996

Nous montrons les resultats d'un modele microscopique pour les micelles vermiculaires, etudie... more Nous montrons les resultats d'un modele microscopique pour les micelles vermiculaires, etudie par dynamique moleculaire hors equilibre et simule par ordinateur. Le modele 'FENE-C' introduit le processus de cassure-recombinaison dans le modele classique 'multibead spring chain model'. Nous comparons les resultats des simulations avec les predictions des theories mesoscopiques. A l'equilibre, une distribution en exponentielle de la longueur micellaire et une dependance en exponentielle de la longueur moyenne en fonction de l'energie de scission ont ete trouvees. Ces resultats correspondent aux predictions des theories mesoscopiques. L'effet du cisaillement sur la distribution de la taille et sur la longueur moyenne des micelles est reporte et discute. Les anisotropies structurales sous ecoulement sont analysees en terme de facteurs de structure statiques des particules micellaires.

Research paper thumbnail of Wormlike micelles under shear flow: A microscopic model studied by nonequilibrium-molecular-dynamics computer simulations

Research paper thumbnail of santa etal JFE2011

Research paper thumbnail of Influence du diamètre sur la réduction de la trainée par l'ajout de tensioactifs en écoulement turbulent

Certaines solutions d'additifs (polymères ou surfactants par exemple) ont le pouvoir de rédui... more Certaines solutions d'additifs (polymères ou surfactants par exemple) ont le pouvoir de réduire le coefficient de frottement en écoulement turbulent comparé à l'écoulement du solvant pur. Dans cette contribution, on abordera l'influence des solutions de CTAC sur la réduction de la traînée en régime turbulent par la mesure des pertes de charge (frottement) et par l'étude de la turbulence (organisation de l'écoulement).

Research paper thumbnail of On the Shape and Rheology of Linear Micelles in Dilute Solutions

Journal de Physique II, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of Linear and nonlinear rheology of an aqueous concentrated system of cethyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium salicylate

Physical Review E, 1997

This work reports a rheological study on concentrated solutions of cethyltrimethylammonium chlori... more This work reports a rheological study on concentrated solutions of cethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and sodium salicylate (NaSal) at a fixed molar concentration ratio [NaSal]/[CTAC]=0.6. While all the solutions behave as a Maxwell fluid, the measured zero-...

Research paper thumbnail of Temperature and concentration influence on drag reduction of very low concentrated CTAC/NaSal aqueous solution in turbulent pipe flow

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 2011

Some additives, like surfactants or polymers, in aqueous solutions lead to dramatic drag reducing... more Some additives, like surfactants or polymers, in aqueous solutions lead to dramatic drag reducing effects. Classically the range of concentration of surfactant additive is greater than 500 ppm. It was recently demonstrated that an aqueous solution of CTAC/NaSal (cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and sodium salicylate) with a concentration lower than 100 ppm has been found to reduce drag. In this work, the influence of temperature (10-50 • C) and concentration (25-150 ppm) on the drag reduction is studied with an experimental setup. A cross analysis is made from those results. It reinforces the link between the structure of the micelles (rod-like shape) and the drag reduction rate.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a shear-thickening rheological behaviour on the friction coefficient in a plane channel flow: A study by Direct Numerical Simulation

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 2007

The aim of this paper is to study by direct numerical simulation the effect of a shear-thickening... more The aim of this paper is to study by direct numerical simulation the effect of a shear-thickening behaviour of a surfactant solution, on the fluid flow, and especially on the friction coefficient in a plane channel flow. A three-dimensional model named Surfactant Drag Reduction ...

Research paper thumbnail of Airflow inside an open ventilated system: Influence of operator’s arms or moving conveyor

Journal of Food Engineering, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Impacts du mouvement sur le flux d'air dans une enceinte ventilée type bloc opératoire

IRBM, 2007

The risk of nosocomial infection during surgical operations is one of the main reasons leading to... more The risk of nosocomial infection during surgical operations is one of the main reasons leading to the development of powerful techniques of ventilation within the framework of the operating theatre. During the two last decades, computational fluids dynamics (CFD) have being rapidly expanding. Nowadays it is becoming a tool usually requested to predict the airflow into furnished enclosures. However, CFD

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of organic salts on micellar growth and structure studied by rheology

Colloid & Polymer Science, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Study of the resistances to transfer of gaseous pollutant between material and indoor air

Building and Environment, 2011

The main parameters which control the emission of volatile organic compounds between wall materia... more The main parameters which control the emission of volatile organic compounds between wall materials and indoor air were examined. A physically based model considers that the global emission phenomenon results from three elementary physical phenomena: diffusion through the boundary layer separating the wall from environment, diffusion within the porous network of the materials, and sorption of the gas molecules on the active sites of the materials. The pollutant transfer between porous material and air is therefore subjected to two complementary resistances and we identify first the resistance which controls the transfer. Then, we predict the global emission time constant from the mass transfer coefficient of convection and the thickness of the material. Experimental results from a small scale chamber are compared to predicted values in the case of acetone emission from chipboard in humid air and for high initial acetone concentration. Good agreement is obtained at the beginning of emission but an acetone retention effect by chipboard is observed, showing that it will be necessary to take into account the interactions of water vapor with materials and the pollutants to achieve accurate modeling of the material VOC emission process.

Research paper thumbnail of Etude des résistances au transfert de COV entre une paroi et l'ambiance

arer.org

Résumé : Les différents phénomènes physiques élémentaires qui interviennent dans le processus glo... more Résumé : Les différents phénomènes physiques élémentaires qui interviennent dans le processus global de transfert de polluant entre une paroi et l'ambiance (processus d'émission si le polluant est initialement présent dans la paroi ou effet dit de puits s'il est initialement présent dans ...

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de l'influence de l'humidité sur le transfert de polluant gazeux d'une paroi vers l'ambiance

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article traite d'une étude expérimentale et d'une approche théorique de l&#... more RÉSUMÉ. Cet article traite d'une étude expérimentale et d'une approche théorique de l'influence de l'humidité sur les phénomènes de sorption d'acétone par du bois aggloméré (ce matériau est couramment utilisé, notamment en aménagement intérieur, et son processus de ...

Research paper thumbnail of Réduction de la traînée avec une solution de CTAC-NaSal : Étude du glissement à la paroi en géométrie de Couette

Comptes Rendus Mécanique, 2010

Research paper thumbnail of Experimental Study on Drag Reduction by Surfactant Additives in Turbulent Pipe Flow

Strömungssimulation im Wasserbau (Flow Simulation in Hydraulic Engineering), 2006

Schleppspannungsverminderung wurden für verschiedene Temperaturen und Rohrdurchmesser durchgeführ... more Schleppspannungsverminderung wurden für verschiedene Temperaturen und Rohrdurchmesser durchgeführt. Zeitgleich wurden Messungen zur räumlichen Geschwindigkeitsverteilung an der Tensidströmung mit der Hilfe eines PIV-Systems (particle image velocimetry) durchgeführt.

Research paper thumbnail of Influence du diamètre sur la réduction de la trainée par l'ajout de tensioactifs en écoulement turbulent

Some additives in solutions (polymers or surfactants, for example) can reduce the friction coeffi... more Some additives in solutions (polymers or surfactants, for example) can reduce the friction coefficient in turbulent flow compared to the water flow (up to 80%). Several parameters such as temperature, concentration and the addition or not of contre-ions were largely studied, but this is not the case of the diameter: this is the subject of this study. The pressure drop and the vortex structures are studied with field measurements obtained by PIV. Mots clefs : reduction de la trainee, additifs, turbulence, frottement.

Research paper thumbnail of Study by DNS of the effects of a shear thickening law on the Taylor-Couette flow

The pattern formation and stability of a drag reducing fluid in a Taylor-Couette geometry is stud... more The pattern formation and stability of a drag reducing fluid in a Taylor-Couette geometry is studied here by Direct Numerical Simulation. When compared to the Newtonian case, DNS experiments performed on this fluid (shear-thinning with a local shear thickening) show differences in the transition from the Taylor Vortex Flow to the Fully Turbulent Flow : the Wavy Vortex Flow and Modulated Vortices Flow are inhibited and replaced by a disturbed TVF and the Turbulent Taylor Vortex flow presents only two non-circular cells. Furthermore, the larger values of Ref for the drag-reducing fluid, compared to the values of Re in the Newtonian fluid, indicate a delay in the appearance of the turbulence.

Research paper thumbnail of Caracterisation par diffusion de la lumiere des proprietes hydrodynamiques et structurales de solutions micellaires de tensio-actifs

Http Www Theses Fr, 1989

Une etude par diffusion elastique et quasi-elastique de la lumiere a ete realisee sur deux sortes... more Une etude par diffusion elastique et quasi-elastique de la lumiere a ete realisee sur deux sortes de dispersions colloidales: des solutions de micelles cylindriques geantes formees a partir de tensioactifs cationiques en presence de sel, et des dispersions de particules metalliques stabilisees par des tensioactifs. Les variations en fonction de la fraction volumique de la phase dispersee et de la temperature, du coefficient de diffusion cooperatif et de l'intensite diffusee, par des solutions aqueuses micellaires de chlorure de cetyltrimethylammonium en presence de chlorure de sodium sont etudiees

Research paper thumbnail of Microscopic theory for the rheology and structure of wormlike micelles

Les Cahiers De Rheologie, 1996

Nous montrons les resultats d'un modele microscopique pour les micelles vermiculaires, etudie... more Nous montrons les resultats d'un modele microscopique pour les micelles vermiculaires, etudie par dynamique moleculaire hors equilibre et simule par ordinateur. Le modele 'FENE-C' introduit le processus de cassure-recombinaison dans le modele classique 'multibead spring chain model'. Nous comparons les resultats des simulations avec les predictions des theories mesoscopiques. A l'equilibre, une distribution en exponentielle de la longueur micellaire et une dependance en exponentielle de la longueur moyenne en fonction de l'energie de scission ont ete trouvees. Ces resultats correspondent aux predictions des theories mesoscopiques. L'effet du cisaillement sur la distribution de la taille et sur la longueur moyenne des micelles est reporte et discute. Les anisotropies structurales sous ecoulement sont analysees en terme de facteurs de structure statiques des particules micellaires.

Research paper thumbnail of Wormlike micelles under shear flow: A microscopic model studied by nonequilibrium-molecular-dynamics computer simulations

Research paper thumbnail of santa etal JFE2011

Research paper thumbnail of Influence du diamètre sur la réduction de la trainée par l'ajout de tensioactifs en écoulement turbulent

Certaines solutions d'additifs (polymères ou surfactants par exemple) ont le pouvoir de rédui... more Certaines solutions d'additifs (polymères ou surfactants par exemple) ont le pouvoir de réduire le coefficient de frottement en écoulement turbulent comparé à l'écoulement du solvant pur. Dans cette contribution, on abordera l'influence des solutions de CTAC sur la réduction de la traînée en régime turbulent par la mesure des pertes de charge (frottement) et par l'étude de la turbulence (organisation de l'écoulement).

Research paper thumbnail of On the Shape and Rheology of Linear Micelles in Dilute Solutions

Journal de Physique II, 1997

Research paper thumbnail of Linear and nonlinear rheology of an aqueous concentrated system of cethyltrimethylammonium chloride and sodium salicylate

Physical Review E, 1997

This work reports a rheological study on concentrated solutions of cethyltrimethylammonium chlori... more This work reports a rheological study on concentrated solutions of cethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and sodium salicylate (NaSal) at a fixed molar concentration ratio [NaSal]/[CTAC]=0.6. While all the solutions behave as a Maxwell fluid, the measured zero-...

Research paper thumbnail of Temperature and concentration influence on drag reduction of very low concentrated CTAC/NaSal aqueous solution in turbulent pipe flow

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 2011

Some additives, like surfactants or polymers, in aqueous solutions lead to dramatic drag reducing... more Some additives, like surfactants or polymers, in aqueous solutions lead to dramatic drag reducing effects. Classically the range of concentration of surfactant additive is greater than 500 ppm. It was recently demonstrated that an aqueous solution of CTAC/NaSal (cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and sodium salicylate) with a concentration lower than 100 ppm has been found to reduce drag. In this work, the influence of temperature (10-50 • C) and concentration (25-150 ppm) on the drag reduction is studied with an experimental setup. A cross analysis is made from those results. It reinforces the link between the structure of the micelles (rod-like shape) and the drag reduction rate.

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of a shear-thickening rheological behaviour on the friction coefficient in a plane channel flow: A study by Direct Numerical Simulation

Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 2007

The aim of this paper is to study by direct numerical simulation the effect of a shear-thickening... more The aim of this paper is to study by direct numerical simulation the effect of a shear-thickening behaviour of a surfactant solution, on the fluid flow, and especially on the friction coefficient in a plane channel flow. A three-dimensional model named Surfactant Drag Reduction ...

Research paper thumbnail of Airflow inside an open ventilated system: Influence of operator’s arms or moving conveyor

Journal of Food Engineering, 2011

Research paper thumbnail of Impacts du mouvement sur le flux d'air dans une enceinte ventilée type bloc opératoire

IRBM, 2007

The risk of nosocomial infection during surgical operations is one of the main reasons leading to... more The risk of nosocomial infection during surgical operations is one of the main reasons leading to the development of powerful techniques of ventilation within the framework of the operating theatre. During the two last decades, computational fluids dynamics (CFD) have being rapidly expanding. Nowadays it is becoming a tool usually requested to predict the airflow into furnished enclosures. However, CFD

Research paper thumbnail of Effect of organic salts on micellar growth and structure studied by rheology

Colloid & Polymer Science, 1999

Research paper thumbnail of Study of the resistances to transfer of gaseous pollutant between material and indoor air

Building and Environment, 2011

The main parameters which control the emission of volatile organic compounds between wall materia... more The main parameters which control the emission of volatile organic compounds between wall materials and indoor air were examined. A physically based model considers that the global emission phenomenon results from three elementary physical phenomena: diffusion through the boundary layer separating the wall from environment, diffusion within the porous network of the materials, and sorption of the gas molecules on the active sites of the materials. The pollutant transfer between porous material and air is therefore subjected to two complementary resistances and we identify first the resistance which controls the transfer. Then, we predict the global emission time constant from the mass transfer coefficient of convection and the thickness of the material. Experimental results from a small scale chamber are compared to predicted values in the case of acetone emission from chipboard in humid air and for high initial acetone concentration. Good agreement is obtained at the beginning of emission but an acetone retention effect by chipboard is observed, showing that it will be necessary to take into account the interactions of water vapor with materials and the pollutants to achieve accurate modeling of the material VOC emission process.

Research paper thumbnail of Etude des résistances au transfert de COV entre une paroi et l'ambiance

arer.org

Résumé : Les différents phénomènes physiques élémentaires qui interviennent dans le processus glo... more Résumé : Les différents phénomènes physiques élémentaires qui interviennent dans le processus global de transfert de polluant entre une paroi et l'ambiance (processus d'émission si le polluant est initialement présent dans la paroi ou effet dit de puits s'il est initialement présent dans ...

Research paper thumbnail of Etude de l'influence de l'humidité sur le transfert de polluant gazeux d'une paroi vers l'ambiance

RÉSUMÉ. Cet article traite d'une étude expérimentale et d'une approche théorique de l&#... more RÉSUMÉ. Cet article traite d'une étude expérimentale et d'une approche théorique de l'influence de l'humidité sur les phénomènes de sorption d'acétone par du bois aggloméré (ce matériau est couramment utilisé, notamment en aménagement intérieur, et son processus de ...

Research paper thumbnail of Réduction de la traînée avec une solution de CTAC-NaSal : Étude du glissement à la paroi en géométrie de Couette

Comptes Rendus Mécanique, 2010