Radka Kodešová - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Radka Kodešová

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, Aug 23, 2022

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Environmental Science & Technology, Feb 15, 2021

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Ecohydrology, Jun 8, 2018

This study focused on the effects of organic carbon contents and soil hydraulic conditions on CO2... more This study focused on the effects of organic carbon contents and soil hydraulic conditions on CO2 efflux. Samples were collected at 5 positions (summit, shoulder, backslope, footslope, and toeslope) of the elevation transect affected by erosion and the parent material (loess). Initially, air‐dried soil samples were placed on top of a clay tank, and the samples were wetted by capillary rise to soil saturation, and soil CO2 efflux was measured. Numerical inversions of the measured cumulative capillary rise and evaporation data using the HYDRUS‐1D program were applied to simulate the water regime in the columns and estimate the soil hydraulic parameters. In all cases, the net CO2 efflux (NCER) rapidly increased at the beginning of the wetting. NCER decreased with increasing soil–water content (summit, shoulder, backslope, and loess) or remained relatively stable (footslope and toeslope). The average soil–water content values at the maximal values of NCER (maxNCER) for the summit, shoulder, and footslope were similar. Lower average soil–water contents at maxNCER were simulated for the backslope, toeslope, and loess, which were attributed to the high contents of loess substrate in topsoil samples. The maxNCER measured on topsoils were closely related to the organic carbon contents (R = 0.94) and the maxNCER obtained on all samples correlated with the parameters αRES (R = 0.856) and nRES (R = −0.876) of the soil–water retention curves and saturated hydraulic conductivity (R = 0.856).

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research

The accumulation of six pharmaceuticals of different therapeutic uses has been thoroughly investi... more The accumulation of six pharmaceuticals of different therapeutic uses has been thoroughly investigated and compared between onion, spinach, and radish plants grown in six soil types. While neutral molecules (e.g., carbamazepine (CAR) and some of its metabolites) were efficiently accumulated and easily translocated to the plant leaves (onion > radish > spinach), the same for ionic (both anionic and cationic) molecules seems to be minor to moderate. The maximum accumulation of CAR crosses 38,000 (onion), 42,000 (radish), and 7000 (spinach) ng g−1 (dry weight) respectively, in which the most majority of them happened within the plant leaves. Among the metabolites, the accumulation of carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (EPC — a primary CAR metabolite) was approximately 19,000 (onion), 7000 (radish), and 6000 (spinach) ng g−1 (dry weight) respectively. This trend was considerably similar even when all these pharmaceuticals applied together. The accumulation of most other molecules (e.g., ...

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Agricultural hillslopes present particular challenges for estimating vadose zone dynamics due to ... more Agricultural hillslopes present particular challenges for estimating vadose zone dynamics due to a variety of processes, such as surface runoff, vertical flow, erosion, subsurface preferential flow affected by soil structure and layering, non-linear chemical behaviour, evapotranspiration, etc. To investigate these processes and complexity, the SUPREHILL critical zone observatory (CZO) was started in 2020, at vineyard hillslope site in Croatia. The observatory is extensively equipped for the soil-water regime and agrochemical fluxes monitoring, and includes an extensive sensor network, lysimeters (weighing and passive wick), suction probes, surface and subsurface flow and precipitation collection instruments. The main objective of the SUPREHILL observatory is to quantify subsurface lateral and local scale preferential flow processes. Local-scale nonlinear processes in eroded agricultural hillslope sites have large significance on water and solute behaviour within the critical zone an...

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Science of The Total Environment

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Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of products from a municipal wastewater treatme... more The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of products from a municipal wastewater treatment plant on the H2O and CO2 effluxes from two soils. The net H2O and CO2 effluxes were measured at the surface of nine beds with two different soils (Cambisol and Arenosol) and two crops (maize or vegetables). Soils in some beds were amended with stabilized sewage sludge (bed with Cambisol and maize) or composted sewage sludge (two beds with Cambisol and both crops) or were irrigated with treated wastewater (two beds with Cambisol and both crops, and one bed with Arenosol and vegetable). Remaining beds were irrigated with tap water (two beds with Cambisol and both crops, and one bed with Arenosol and vegetable). While stabilized and composted sewage sludge positively affected the CO2 emission, the effect of treated wastewater was not confirmed. Different treatments had negligible effect on the water efflux, which was mainly affected by the plant canopy that influence the temperature of t...

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EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

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EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2015

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EGUGA, May 1, 2014

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<p>Colluvisols represent an important part of the soil cover, occupying con... more <p>Colluvisols represent an important part of the soil cover, occupying concave slope elements especially in landscapes with undulating relief. Their development reacts to changes in land use or climate, manifested by intense erosion activity or longer resting periods with predominantly in-situ pedogenesis. In climatically, pedologically and historically different regions, diverse colluvial profiles can be encountered. In this study, we investigated deep colluvial profiles in three agricultural plots in Czechia with different soil cover, climatic and geological conditions in order to identify differences in the depositional pattern and erosion history of the areas. In each of the plots, two profiles (depths ranging from 200 to 400 cm) were opened in the toe-slope and side valley areas. Individual layers were investigated by various methods, including optically stimulated luminescence dating, 137Cs activity, concentration of vertically stable geochemical tracers (organochlorine pesticides, nutrients) or micromorphology and clay mineralogy, allowing the layers to be linked to periods of human activity. In all study areas, a significant difference in the colluvial deposition mechanism was found in the toe-slope and side valley areas. While the positions in the side valleys were mainly composed of older material with a minimum concentration of human-bound substances, the profiles in the toe-slopes are characterized by a significant deposition of recently accumulated material. The most pronounced redistribution of material was recorded in the Chernozem area on loess. In the toe-slope area, maxima of 137Cs, DDT (up to 350 µg/kg) and phosphorus were found at 100-140 cm, indicating the very low age of this layer (from the mid-20th century). The mineralogical and chemical composition of this layer and the layer below (140-220 cm) shows considerable similarities to the substrate material, indicating severe truncation of the source soils and accumulation of ploughed parent material. In contrast, in the side valley, this new material was found only in the topsoil, with approximately 3 m of older, humus-rich material beneath. This area is therefore not an area of recent deposition, but rather of material transport. The original buried Chernozem was found in both cases at a depth of about 300-350 cm. In the Cambisol area, the combination of rill and sheet erosion led to the formation of a highly stratified profile with a large variation in texture or humus content. The maximum of human-bound substances (137Cs, HCB, DDT) was found at a depth of 1 m, underlain by older material with signs of post-depositional pedogenesis (weathering and redox processes). The area of side valley was, as in the previous area, almost unaffected by recent sedimentation. In Luvisol area, the concentration on human-bound substances was generally lower and affected only the upper, humus-rich layer (ca 80 cm) of the Colluvisols, both at the toe-slope and the side valley. Below this layer, the profiles are characterised by relatively pronounced pedogenesis in the sedimentary material (clay coatings visible at the thin sections), indicating slower sedimentation and a longer period of sedimentary quiescence.</p><p>Study was supported by grant nr. 21-11879S of the Czech science foundation and MEYS CR project nr. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000845.  </p>

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EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2015

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Soil and Water Research, 2013

The single-porosity and dual-permeability models in HYDRUS-1D (Šimůnek et al. 1998, 2003) were us... more The single-porosity and dual-permeability models in HYDRUS-1D (Šimůnek et al. 1998, 2003) were used to simulate variably-saturated water movement in clay soils with and without macropores. Numerical simulations of water flow for several scenarios of probable macropore compositions show a considerable impact of preferential flow on water infiltration in such soils. Preferential flow must be considered to predict water recharge in clay soils.

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Various pesticide and soil properties affect pesticide leaching into groundwater. In order to ass... more Various pesticide and soil properties affect pesticide leaching into groundwater. In order to assess the risk of pesticide leaching, specific groundwater vulnerability maps were constructed for selected pesticides based on modified DRASTIC methodology with emphasis on soil cover that plays a key role in pesticide leaching due to adsorption of pesticides on soil particles. The Freundlich equation was used to fit experimental data points of the adsorption isotherms for each pesticide and soil using the average n parameter for each pesticide. The multiple linear regressions were used to define pedotransfer rules for the determination of the KF parameter from the other physical and chemical soil properties. Resulting pedotransfer rules, the soil map of the Czech Republic and the Czech soil information system PUGIS were applied for the estimation of the adsorption properties of soils of the Czech Republic. The adsorption parameters KF represents only one soil factor affecting the contami...

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Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2021

Dissipation of pharmaceutical compounds entered into the natural environment is an important proc... more Dissipation of pharmaceutical compounds entered into the natural environment is an important process minimizing the adverse effects on the living organisms. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of varying initial concentrations on the stability and degradation of three different pharmaceuticals in a chosen soil. The behavior of three widely used pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, metoprolol, and sertraline) in soil (Haplic Chernozem on loess) has been investigated using a tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based analytical strategy. The stability of pharmaceuticals follows carbamazepine > sertraline > metoprolol except for the higher tested concentration, where sertraline exhibits an exceptionally faster dissipation. While the intermediate concentrations (~ 100 ng g−1) were generally shown to be the most stable, the fastest dissipation was observed with the highest tested concentration (~ 1000 ng g−1) for carbamazepine and sertraline, and for the lowest concentration (~ 10 ng g−1) for metoprolol. The fastest dissipation trends observed for carbamazepine and sertraline were likely explained by the higher nutritional values offered by the parent compounds to trigger the microbial growth, whereas the lowest load likely explains the fastest dissipation of metoprolol. The dissipation pattern was more or less similar irrespective of the mode of application (i.e., individually or as a mixture of all) of pharmaceuticals. Three carbamazepine metabolites are also identified, in which the concentrations of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide mostly increased upon time, whereas the other two (rac trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine, and 10,11-dihydro carbamazepine) did not increase much during the experiment timescale. The present study clearly showed the influence of initial concentrations on the dissipations; however, it did not show any precise (i.e., either increasing or decreasing) trends. More experimental efforts involving much broader sample sizes are, therefore, necessary for a better understanding of this transformation mechanism and a possible description of the nonlinear trend.

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Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 2020

Treated water from wastewater treatment plants that is increasingly used for irrigation may conta... more Treated water from wastewater treatment plants that is increasingly used for irrigation may contain pharmaceuticals and, thus, contaminate soils. Therefore, this study focused on the impact of soil conditions on the root uptake of selected pharmaceuticals and their transformation in a chosen soil–plant system. Green pea plants were planted in 3 soils. Plants were initially irrigated with tap water. Next, they were irrigated for 20 days with a solution of either atenolol (ATE), sulfamethoxazole (SUL), carbamazepine (CAR), or all of these three compounds. The concentrations of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites [atenolol acid (AAC), N1-acetyl sulfamethoxazole (N1AS), N4-acetyl sulfamethoxazole (N4AS), carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (EPC), 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine (DHC), trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine (RTC), and oxcarbazepine (OXC)] in soils and plant tissues were evaluated after harvest. The study confirmed high (CAR), moderate (ATE, AAC, SUL), and minor (N4AC) ro...

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Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, Aug 23, 2022

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Environmental Science & Technology, Feb 15, 2021

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Ecohydrology, Jun 8, 2018

This study focused on the effects of organic carbon contents and soil hydraulic conditions on CO2... more This study focused on the effects of organic carbon contents and soil hydraulic conditions on CO2 efflux. Samples were collected at 5 positions (summit, shoulder, backslope, footslope, and toeslope) of the elevation transect affected by erosion and the parent material (loess). Initially, air‐dried soil samples were placed on top of a clay tank, and the samples were wetted by capillary rise to soil saturation, and soil CO2 efflux was measured. Numerical inversions of the measured cumulative capillary rise and evaporation data using the HYDRUS‐1D program were applied to simulate the water regime in the columns and estimate the soil hydraulic parameters. In all cases, the net CO2 efflux (NCER) rapidly increased at the beginning of the wetting. NCER decreased with increasing soil–water content (summit, shoulder, backslope, and loess) or remained relatively stable (footslope and toeslope). The average soil–water content values at the maximal values of NCER (maxNCER) for the summit, shoulder, and footslope were similar. Lower average soil–water contents at maxNCER were simulated for the backslope, toeslope, and loess, which were attributed to the high contents of loess substrate in topsoil samples. The maxNCER measured on topsoils were closely related to the organic carbon contents (R = 0.94) and the maxNCER obtained on all samples correlated with the parameters αRES (R = 0.856) and nRES (R = −0.876) of the soil–water retention curves and saturated hydraulic conductivity (R = 0.856).

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research

The accumulation of six pharmaceuticals of different therapeutic uses has been thoroughly investi... more The accumulation of six pharmaceuticals of different therapeutic uses has been thoroughly investigated and compared between onion, spinach, and radish plants grown in six soil types. While neutral molecules (e.g., carbamazepine (CAR) and some of its metabolites) were efficiently accumulated and easily translocated to the plant leaves (onion > radish > spinach), the same for ionic (both anionic and cationic) molecules seems to be minor to moderate. The maximum accumulation of CAR crosses 38,000 (onion), 42,000 (radish), and 7000 (spinach) ng g−1 (dry weight) respectively, in which the most majority of them happened within the plant leaves. Among the metabolites, the accumulation of carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (EPC — a primary CAR metabolite) was approximately 19,000 (onion), 7000 (radish), and 6000 (spinach) ng g−1 (dry weight) respectively. This trend was considerably similar even when all these pharmaceuticals applied together. The accumulation of most other molecules (e.g., ...

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Agricultural hillslopes present particular challenges for estimating vadose zone dynamics due to ... more Agricultural hillslopes present particular challenges for estimating vadose zone dynamics due to a variety of processes, such as surface runoff, vertical flow, erosion, subsurface preferential flow affected by soil structure and layering, non-linear chemical behaviour, evapotranspiration, etc. To investigate these processes and complexity, the SUPREHILL critical zone observatory (CZO) was started in 2020, at vineyard hillslope site in Croatia. The observatory is extensively equipped for the soil-water regime and agrochemical fluxes monitoring, and includes an extensive sensor network, lysimeters (weighing and passive wick), suction probes, surface and subsurface flow and precipitation collection instruments. The main objective of the SUPREHILL observatory is to quantify subsurface lateral and local scale preferential flow processes. Local-scale nonlinear processes in eroded agricultural hillslope sites have large significance on water and solute behaviour within the critical zone an...

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Science of The Total Environment

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Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of products from a municipal wastewater treatme... more The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of products from a municipal wastewater treatment plant on the H2O and CO2 effluxes from two soils. The net H2O and CO2 effluxes were measured at the surface of nine beds with two different soils (Cambisol and Arenosol) and two crops (maize or vegetables). Soils in some beds were amended with stabilized sewage sludge (bed with Cambisol and maize) or composted sewage sludge (two beds with Cambisol and both crops) or were irrigated with treated wastewater (two beds with Cambisol and both crops, and one bed with Arenosol and vegetable). Remaining beds were irrigated with tap water (two beds with Cambisol and both crops, and one bed with Arenosol and vegetable). While stabilized and composted sewage sludge positively affected the CO2 emission, the effect of treated wastewater was not confirmed. Different treatments had negligible effect on the water efflux, which was mainly affected by the plant canopy that influence the temperature of t...

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EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, May 1, 2014

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EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2015

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EGUGA, May 1, 2014

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<p>Colluvisols represent an important part of the soil cover, occupying con... more <p>Colluvisols represent an important part of the soil cover, occupying concave slope elements especially in landscapes with undulating relief. Their development reacts to changes in land use or climate, manifested by intense erosion activity or longer resting periods with predominantly in-situ pedogenesis. In climatically, pedologically and historically different regions, diverse colluvial profiles can be encountered. In this study, we investigated deep colluvial profiles in three agricultural plots in Czechia with different soil cover, climatic and geological conditions in order to identify differences in the depositional pattern and erosion history of the areas. In each of the plots, two profiles (depths ranging from 200 to 400 cm) were opened in the toe-slope and side valley areas. Individual layers were investigated by various methods, including optically stimulated luminescence dating, 137Cs activity, concentration of vertically stable geochemical tracers (organochlorine pesticides, nutrients) or micromorphology and clay mineralogy, allowing the layers to be linked to periods of human activity. In all study areas, a significant difference in the colluvial deposition mechanism was found in the toe-slope and side valley areas. While the positions in the side valleys were mainly composed of older material with a minimum concentration of human-bound substances, the profiles in the toe-slopes are characterized by a significant deposition of recently accumulated material. The most pronounced redistribution of material was recorded in the Chernozem area on loess. In the toe-slope area, maxima of 137Cs, DDT (up to 350 µg/kg) and phosphorus were found at 100-140 cm, indicating the very low age of this layer (from the mid-20th century). The mineralogical and chemical composition of this layer and the layer below (140-220 cm) shows considerable similarities to the substrate material, indicating severe truncation of the source soils and accumulation of ploughed parent material. In contrast, in the side valley, this new material was found only in the topsoil, with approximately 3 m of older, humus-rich material beneath. This area is therefore not an area of recent deposition, but rather of material transport. The original buried Chernozem was found in both cases at a depth of about 300-350 cm. In the Cambisol area, the combination of rill and sheet erosion led to the formation of a highly stratified profile with a large variation in texture or humus content. The maximum of human-bound substances (137Cs, HCB, DDT) was found at a depth of 1 m, underlain by older material with signs of post-depositional pedogenesis (weathering and redox processes). The area of side valley was, as in the previous area, almost unaffected by recent sedimentation. In Luvisol area, the concentration on human-bound substances was generally lower and affected only the upper, humus-rich layer (ca 80 cm) of the Colluvisols, both at the toe-slope and the side valley. Below this layer, the profiles are characterised by relatively pronounced pedogenesis in the sedimentary material (clay coatings visible at the thin sections), indicating slower sedimentation and a longer period of sedimentary quiescence.</p><p>Study was supported by grant nr. 21-11879S of the Czech science foundation and MEYS CR project nr. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000845.  </p>

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EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, Apr 1, 2015

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Soil and Water Research, 2013

The single-porosity and dual-permeability models in HYDRUS-1D (Šimůnek et al. 1998, 2003) were us... more The single-porosity and dual-permeability models in HYDRUS-1D (Šimůnek et al. 1998, 2003) were used to simulate variably-saturated water movement in clay soils with and without macropores. Numerical simulations of water flow for several scenarios of probable macropore compositions show a considerable impact of preferential flow on water infiltration in such soils. Preferential flow must be considered to predict water recharge in clay soils.

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Various pesticide and soil properties affect pesticide leaching into groundwater. In order to ass... more Various pesticide and soil properties affect pesticide leaching into groundwater. In order to assess the risk of pesticide leaching, specific groundwater vulnerability maps were constructed for selected pesticides based on modified DRASTIC methodology with emphasis on soil cover that plays a key role in pesticide leaching due to adsorption of pesticides on soil particles. The Freundlich equation was used to fit experimental data points of the adsorption isotherms for each pesticide and soil using the average n parameter for each pesticide. The multiple linear regressions were used to define pedotransfer rules for the determination of the KF parameter from the other physical and chemical soil properties. Resulting pedotransfer rules, the soil map of the Czech Republic and the Czech soil information system PUGIS were applied for the estimation of the adsorption properties of soils of the Czech Republic. The adsorption parameters KF represents only one soil factor affecting the contami...

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Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2021

Dissipation of pharmaceutical compounds entered into the natural environment is an important proc... more Dissipation of pharmaceutical compounds entered into the natural environment is an important process minimizing the adverse effects on the living organisms. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of varying initial concentrations on the stability and degradation of three different pharmaceuticals in a chosen soil. The behavior of three widely used pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, metoprolol, and sertraline) in soil (Haplic Chernozem on loess) has been investigated using a tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based analytical strategy. The stability of pharmaceuticals follows carbamazepine > sertraline > metoprolol except for the higher tested concentration, where sertraline exhibits an exceptionally faster dissipation. While the intermediate concentrations (~ 100 ng g−1) were generally shown to be the most stable, the fastest dissipation was observed with the highest tested concentration (~ 1000 ng g−1) for carbamazepine and sertraline, and for the lowest concentration (~ 10 ng g−1) for metoprolol. The fastest dissipation trends observed for carbamazepine and sertraline were likely explained by the higher nutritional values offered by the parent compounds to trigger the microbial growth, whereas the lowest load likely explains the fastest dissipation of metoprolol. The dissipation pattern was more or less similar irrespective of the mode of application (i.e., individually or as a mixture of all) of pharmaceuticals. Three carbamazepine metabolites are also identified, in which the concentrations of carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide mostly increased upon time, whereas the other two (rac trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine, and 10,11-dihydro carbamazepine) did not increase much during the experiment timescale. The present study clearly showed the influence of initial concentrations on the dissipations; however, it did not show any precise (i.e., either increasing or decreasing) trends. More experimental efforts involving much broader sample sizes are, therefore, necessary for a better understanding of this transformation mechanism and a possible description of the nonlinear trend.

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Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics, 2020

Treated water from wastewater treatment plants that is increasingly used for irrigation may conta... more Treated water from wastewater treatment plants that is increasingly used for irrigation may contain pharmaceuticals and, thus, contaminate soils. Therefore, this study focused on the impact of soil conditions on the root uptake of selected pharmaceuticals and their transformation in a chosen soil–plant system. Green pea plants were planted in 3 soils. Plants were initially irrigated with tap water. Next, they were irrigated for 20 days with a solution of either atenolol (ATE), sulfamethoxazole (SUL), carbamazepine (CAR), or all of these three compounds. The concentrations of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites [atenolol acid (AAC), N1-acetyl sulfamethoxazole (N1AS), N4-acetyl sulfamethoxazole (N4AS), carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (EPC), 10,11-dihydrocarbamazepine (DHC), trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine (RTC), and oxcarbazepine (OXC)] in soils and plant tissues were evaluated after harvest. The study confirmed high (CAR), moderate (ATE, AAC, SUL), and minor (N4AC) ro...

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