Rafael Tonucci - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Rafael Tonucci
Environmental Development
Pubvet, 2021
Objetivou-se, avaliar a similaridade espectral entre cultivares de sorgo em diferentes estádios d... more Objetivou-se, avaliar a similaridade espectral entre cultivares de sorgo em diferentes estádios de maturação dos grãos, visando o desenvolvimento de modelos utilizando espectroscopia de refletância no infravermelho próximo (NIRS). Para a ensilagem utilizou-se os sorgos BRS 658 e BRS Ponta Negra, em mini silos de PVC, nos estádios de maturação dos grãos leitoso, pastoso, farináceo e duro. As variáveis foram estudadas pela técnica de Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), e classificação usando a Modelagem Independente por Analogia de Classe (SIMCA) utilizando o software Unscrambler. A similaridade de amostras da silagem do BRS 658 com o banco de dados do BRS Ponta negra foi de 5% e do BRS Ponta Negra em relação as do BRS 658 a similaridade foi de 65%. Os dados demonstram grande similaridade do BRS Ponta Negra entre os estádios dos grãos leitoso e pastoso. A análise da PCA, demonstrou uma semelhança entre as amostras no estádio leitoso das duas cultivares, no estádio leitoso com pas...
Resumo: O objetivo deste comunicado, portanto, e discorrer sobre indicadores produtivos, plantio ... more Resumo: O objetivo deste comunicado, portanto, e discorrer sobre indicadores produtivos, plantio e tratos culturais das culturas de milho, milheto, sorgo e girassol consorciadas com os capins buffel e massai, valor nutritivo e caracteristicas fermentativas das melhores silagens oriundas dessas culturas anuais consorciadas com gramineas forrageiras cultivadas em condicoes de sequeiro no semiarido brasileiro. Ao final, algumas sugestoes de formulacoes dieteticas para diferentes categorias de ovinos contendo as silagens indicadas.
A publicacao apresenta o rendimento e os custos de producao de milho consorciado (ou nao) com cap... more A publicacao apresenta o rendimento e os custos de producao de milho consorciado (ou nao) com capim-massai para producao de silagem e seu uso na alimentacao de ovinos no periodo seco do ano.
The multifuncional capacity of agroecossytems is directed linked with ecosystem services provisio... more The multifuncional capacity of agroecossytems is directed linked with ecosystem services provision. The agroecosystem concept provides an approach which analyze food systems as wholes, including their complex sets of inputs and outputs and the interconnections of their components that results in benefits for the whole system. However, to define in a reliable manner, the connections between agricultural practices and ES provision, is still a challenge, since it is influenced by many factors, specific for each case. The aim of this study is to present some adaptative agriculture strategies to enhance ecosystem services provision in rural landscapes. So, in this study, we present a framework to identify the weaknesses and potentialities of agroecosystems in three study areas, each one located in different biomes in Brazil: Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga. Some results concerning that ES types more affected by deployment and management of agroecosystems are supporting and provisio...
Engenharias, ciência e tecnologia 2, 2019
Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior-CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma... more Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior-CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. 2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental, 2021
The use of organic fertilizers can increase the production of forest species for the extraction o... more The use of organic fertilizers can increase the production of forest species for the extraction of wood from monoculture stands or integrated systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying doses of sheep manure on the biometric traits of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (‘sabiá’) in a silviculture system in an area previously occupied by native degraded pasture in an Albaquult. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions, with treatments corresponding to five doses of sheep manure per plant: 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 kg in the first year, while in the second year the double of the doses (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 kg per plant) were applied as topdressing under the canopy. The following biometric variables were evaluated: height (H); root collar diameter (RCD); diameter at breast height (DBH); above-ground dry weight (AGDW); accumulation of nutrients (aerial part); and soil fertility. The plants were responsive to the organic fertilization regarding the variables H, DB...
Pubvet, 2021
A implantação dos sistemas agrossilvipastoris no bioma Caatinga é uma alternativa para mitigar os... more A implantação dos sistemas agrossilvipastoris no bioma Caatinga é uma alternativa para mitigar os impactos ambientais gerados pela agropecuária. Quando esses sistemas são associados a tecnologias de baixa geração de resíduos podem otimizar a atividade pecuária e reduzir os custos de produção. A modelagem nutricional possibilita uma adequação do status nutricional dos animais e quando aplicada de forma continuada pode reduzir os custos com insumos externos. Com a aplicação do manejo nutricional também pode-se reduzir os processos de superpastejo sobre determinadas espécies e, consequentemente, reduzir os processos de degradação do solo. A espectroscopia de reflectância do infravermelho próximo (NIRS) é uma técnica com alto potencial de análise que possibilita averiguar a qualidade da dieta de animais pastejando em áreas livres a partir da aplicação de modelos nutricionais apropriados. Portanto, as pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias limpas como os modelos nutricionais são...
Zootecnia: pesquisa e práticas contemporâneas - Volume 2, 2021
Journal of Environmental Management, 2021
During the past few decades, commercial silvopastoral systems (SPS) with exotic Eucalyptus (hybri... more During the past few decades, commercial silvopastoral systems (SPS) with exotic Eucalyptus (hybrid) trees have become popular in the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna). With the increasing awareness about the role of carbon (C) storage in soils as a climate-change mitigation strategy and the relationship between the nature of soil aggregates and the soil's carbon sequestration potential, it is important to understand the influence of such SPS systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. We studied C content in three aggregate size classes in six land-use systems on Oxisols in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The systems were planted forest, native secondary forest, managed pasture, and three 8-year-old SPS, differing in their tree-planting configurations. Eucalyptus hybrid was the tree in SPS and planted forest treatments, and Urochloa decumbens was the grass in SPS and pasture treatments. From each treatment, replicated soil samples were collected from four depth-classes (0-10, 10-30, 30-60, and 60-100 cm), fractionated by wet sieving into the three aggregate-size classes, 2000 to 250 μm, 250 to 53 μm, and <53 μm size classes representing macroaggregates, microaggregates, and silt + clay, respectively, and their C contents determined. Down to 1 m, total SOC stock values ranged from 260 Mg ha-1 under pasture to 167 Mg ha-1 under native forest, with 174 Mg ha-1 for Eucalyptus plantation and about 195 Mg ha-1 for the three SPS. Compared to the degraded native forest, the pasture system had significantly higher SOC in the whole soil and the aggregate size fractions, especially in the lower soil-depth classes. The lower SOC stock of Eucalyptus hybrid SPS compared to open pasture differs from the general trend of SPS having higher stock. Given that the Cerrado biome is a biodiversity hotspot, the use of native nitrogen-fixing trees, of which there are several, is worth investigating. In addition, the conversion from Eucalyptus monocultures to SPS could be considered as a strategy to increase the SOC stock.
Revista Científica Rural, 2020
Because the Caatinga is one of the most densely populated areas in the world and having agricultu... more Because the Caatinga is one of the most densely populated areas in the world and having agriculture and livestock farming as its main activities, it has been suffering a process of desertification over the years, reflecting on losses in biodiversity and animal productivity, especially as agricultural practices are based on deforestation and burning of native vegetation. Thus, it becomes necessary and fundamental, a searching for management practices that intensify the use of caatinga’s resources without degrading them. This review aims to highlight the use of manipulation techniques of the woody stratum of the Caatinga vegetation, as thinning and enrichment, which aim to increase the support capacity of the native and cultivated pasture, through the increase in herbaceous forage biomass and biodiversity.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2019
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of savanna thinning and enrichment with g... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of savanna thinning and enrichment with grasses to maintain local biodiversity and intensify biomass production in an area of Caatinga. The study was carried out in a Caatinga area thinned into savanna and an unmanipulated area during the rainy and rainy-dry transition seasons of 2016. The herbaceous biomass production, diversity, and equability of the thinned and unmanipulated areas were evaluated by calculating values of the Shannon-Weaver (H?) and Pielou (J?) indices. The establishment of massai and buffel grasses in the savanna-thinned area was also evaluated. The area thinned into savanna produced more native herbaceous forage biomass in both the rainy (1,940.55 kg ha-1) and rainy-dry transition seasons (1,918.55 kg ha-1) than that in the unmanipulated area in the same periods (78.42 and 37.40 kg ha-1, respectively), without compromising biodiversity, as the Shannon-Weaver and Pielou indices for the savanna-thinned area (H...
Revista Caatinga, 2019
The objective of this study was to evaluate the thinning into strips and the enrichment with exot... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the thinning into strips and the enrichment with exotic grasses in a Caatinga area in order to maintain and increase the biodiversity of native vegetable species and forage production. Two studies were carried out-one in an area of Caatinga thinned into strips and one in an unmanipulated Caatinga area-during the rainy and rainy-dry season transition periods in 2016. The production of herbaceous biomass was evaluated, and the diversity and equability of the two areas were assessed through Shannon-Weaver (H’) and Pielou (J’) indexes. The establishment of massai and buffel grasses at the center and edges of the area thinned into strips was also evaluated. During the rainy season, the production of herbaceous biomass in the area thinned into strips and the unmanipulated area was 1,228 kg ha-1 and 833.33 kg ha-1, while during the rainy-dry transition period, it was 1,973 kg ha-1 and 836.00 kg ha-1, respectively. The indexes remained similar: H’...
Nature Precedings, 2009
Soil organic matter (SOM), which contains more reactive organic carbon (C) than any other single ... more Soil organic matter (SOM), which contains more reactive organic carbon (C) than any other single terrestrial pool, plays a major role in determining C storage in ecosystems and regulating atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2)^1^. Agroforestry, the practice of growing trees and crops in interacting combinations on the same unit of land^2^, primarily by resource-poor smallholder farmers in developing countries, is recognized as a strategy for soil carbon sequestration (SCS) under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol^3^. The understanding about C storage and dynamics under agroforestry systems (AFS), however, is minimal. Our studies under various AFS in diverse ecological conditions in five countries showed that tree-based agricultural systems, compared to treeless systems, stored more C in deeper soil layers up to 1 m depth under comparable conditions. More C is stored in soil near the tree than away from the tree; higher SOC content is associated w...
An experiment was conducted at the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Viçosa ... more An experiment was conducted at the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Viçosa to evaluate the influence of moisture, urea level and time of ammoniation on chemical-bromatologic compounds and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Tifton 85 hay. In the trial, 2 kg of hay with five levels of urea (2; 4; 6; 8 and 10% dry matter bases), two moisture levels (20 and 40%), were stored for three periods of ammoniation (30; 60 and 90 days) in sealed plastic bags. Urea was mixed in water necessary to reach 20 and 40% of moisture levels when added to hay. A completely randomized design with three replications in a factorial arrangement was used. Total nitrogen (NT) and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) concentrations increased quadraticly when urea levels were increased. Total nitrogen values were higher at the lowest moisture, however N-NH3 increased with the increasing of moisture. Neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) were n...
Journal of Environment Quality, 2011
Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 2009
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the intake and the digestibility of nutrients of eleph... more The experiment was carried out to evaluate the intake and the digestibility of nutrients of elephantgrass silage with levels (0,0; 10,0; 20,0 and 30,0%, natural matter basis) of coffee hulls, fed to sheep. Sixteen crossbreed castrated sheep, with 48.5 kg average live weight, were used in a randomized blocks design with four replicates. The intake of dry matter was influenced by coffee hulls which showed a quadratic effect, estimating maximum intake of 991.5 g/day (2.04% of live weight) with 7.2% of coffee hulls added. The intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), in g/day, showed a quadratic effect, estimating maximum intake of 907.0, 118.2, 773.5, 727.7 and 591.0 g/day with 7.2, 5.6, 6.2, 4.7 and 2.9% of coffee hulls added, respectively. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, TC and NDF decreased as the levels of coffee hulls in the silages were increased. The ether extract digestibilit...
Environmental Development
Pubvet, 2021
Objetivou-se, avaliar a similaridade espectral entre cultivares de sorgo em diferentes estádios d... more Objetivou-se, avaliar a similaridade espectral entre cultivares de sorgo em diferentes estádios de maturação dos grãos, visando o desenvolvimento de modelos utilizando espectroscopia de refletância no infravermelho próximo (NIRS). Para a ensilagem utilizou-se os sorgos BRS 658 e BRS Ponta Negra, em mini silos de PVC, nos estádios de maturação dos grãos leitoso, pastoso, farináceo e duro. As variáveis foram estudadas pela técnica de Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), e classificação usando a Modelagem Independente por Analogia de Classe (SIMCA) utilizando o software Unscrambler. A similaridade de amostras da silagem do BRS 658 com o banco de dados do BRS Ponta negra foi de 5% e do BRS Ponta Negra em relação as do BRS 658 a similaridade foi de 65%. Os dados demonstram grande similaridade do BRS Ponta Negra entre os estádios dos grãos leitoso e pastoso. A análise da PCA, demonstrou uma semelhança entre as amostras no estádio leitoso das duas cultivares, no estádio leitoso com pas...
Resumo: O objetivo deste comunicado, portanto, e discorrer sobre indicadores produtivos, plantio ... more Resumo: O objetivo deste comunicado, portanto, e discorrer sobre indicadores produtivos, plantio e tratos culturais das culturas de milho, milheto, sorgo e girassol consorciadas com os capins buffel e massai, valor nutritivo e caracteristicas fermentativas das melhores silagens oriundas dessas culturas anuais consorciadas com gramineas forrageiras cultivadas em condicoes de sequeiro no semiarido brasileiro. Ao final, algumas sugestoes de formulacoes dieteticas para diferentes categorias de ovinos contendo as silagens indicadas.
A publicacao apresenta o rendimento e os custos de producao de milho consorciado (ou nao) com cap... more A publicacao apresenta o rendimento e os custos de producao de milho consorciado (ou nao) com capim-massai para producao de silagem e seu uso na alimentacao de ovinos no periodo seco do ano.
The multifuncional capacity of agroecossytems is directed linked with ecosystem services provisio... more The multifuncional capacity of agroecossytems is directed linked with ecosystem services provision. The agroecosystem concept provides an approach which analyze food systems as wholes, including their complex sets of inputs and outputs and the interconnections of their components that results in benefits for the whole system. However, to define in a reliable manner, the connections between agricultural practices and ES provision, is still a challenge, since it is influenced by many factors, specific for each case. The aim of this study is to present some adaptative agriculture strategies to enhance ecosystem services provision in rural landscapes. So, in this study, we present a framework to identify the weaknesses and potentialities of agroecosystems in three study areas, each one located in different biomes in Brazil: Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga. Some results concerning that ES types more affected by deployment and management of agroecosystems are supporting and provisio...
Engenharias, ciência e tecnologia 2, 2019
Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior-CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma... more Elaborado por Maurício Amormino Júnior-CRB6/2422 O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. 2019 Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental, 2021
The use of organic fertilizers can increase the production of forest species for the extraction o... more The use of organic fertilizers can increase the production of forest species for the extraction of wood from monoculture stands or integrated systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying doses of sheep manure on the biometric traits of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (‘sabiá’) in a silviculture system in an area previously occupied by native degraded pasture in an Albaquult. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions, with treatments corresponding to five doses of sheep manure per plant: 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 kg in the first year, while in the second year the double of the doses (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 kg per plant) were applied as topdressing under the canopy. The following biometric variables were evaluated: height (H); root collar diameter (RCD); diameter at breast height (DBH); above-ground dry weight (AGDW); accumulation of nutrients (aerial part); and soil fertility. The plants were responsive to the organic fertilization regarding the variables H, DB...
Pubvet, 2021
A implantação dos sistemas agrossilvipastoris no bioma Caatinga é uma alternativa para mitigar os... more A implantação dos sistemas agrossilvipastoris no bioma Caatinga é uma alternativa para mitigar os impactos ambientais gerados pela agropecuária. Quando esses sistemas são associados a tecnologias de baixa geração de resíduos podem otimizar a atividade pecuária e reduzir os custos de produção. A modelagem nutricional possibilita uma adequação do status nutricional dos animais e quando aplicada de forma continuada pode reduzir os custos com insumos externos. Com a aplicação do manejo nutricional também pode-se reduzir os processos de superpastejo sobre determinadas espécies e, consequentemente, reduzir os processos de degradação do solo. A espectroscopia de reflectância do infravermelho próximo (NIRS) é uma técnica com alto potencial de análise que possibilita averiguar a qualidade da dieta de animais pastejando em áreas livres a partir da aplicação de modelos nutricionais apropriados. Portanto, as pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias limpas como os modelos nutricionais são...
Zootecnia: pesquisa e práticas contemporâneas - Volume 2, 2021
Journal of Environmental Management, 2021
During the past few decades, commercial silvopastoral systems (SPS) with exotic Eucalyptus (hybri... more During the past few decades, commercial silvopastoral systems (SPS) with exotic Eucalyptus (hybrid) trees have become popular in the Brazilian Cerrado (savanna). With the increasing awareness about the role of carbon (C) storage in soils as a climate-change mitigation strategy and the relationship between the nature of soil aggregates and the soil's carbon sequestration potential, it is important to understand the influence of such SPS systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. We studied C content in three aggregate size classes in six land-use systems on Oxisols in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The systems were planted forest, native secondary forest, managed pasture, and three 8-year-old SPS, differing in their tree-planting configurations. Eucalyptus hybrid was the tree in SPS and planted forest treatments, and Urochloa decumbens was the grass in SPS and pasture treatments. From each treatment, replicated soil samples were collected from four depth-classes (0-10, 10-30, 30-60, and 60-100 cm), fractionated by wet sieving into the three aggregate-size classes, 2000 to 250 μm, 250 to 53 μm, and <53 μm size classes representing macroaggregates, microaggregates, and silt + clay, respectively, and their C contents determined. Down to 1 m, total SOC stock values ranged from 260 Mg ha-1 under pasture to 167 Mg ha-1 under native forest, with 174 Mg ha-1 for Eucalyptus plantation and about 195 Mg ha-1 for the three SPS. Compared to the degraded native forest, the pasture system had significantly higher SOC in the whole soil and the aggregate size fractions, especially in the lower soil-depth classes. The lower SOC stock of Eucalyptus hybrid SPS compared to open pasture differs from the general trend of SPS having higher stock. Given that the Cerrado biome is a biodiversity hotspot, the use of native nitrogen-fixing trees, of which there are several, is worth investigating. In addition, the conversion from Eucalyptus monocultures to SPS could be considered as a strategy to increase the SOC stock.
Revista Científica Rural, 2020
Because the Caatinga is one of the most densely populated areas in the world and having agricultu... more Because the Caatinga is one of the most densely populated areas in the world and having agriculture and livestock farming as its main activities, it has been suffering a process of desertification over the years, reflecting on losses in biodiversity and animal productivity, especially as agricultural practices are based on deforestation and burning of native vegetation. Thus, it becomes necessary and fundamental, a searching for management practices that intensify the use of caatinga’s resources without degrading them. This review aims to highlight the use of manipulation techniques of the woody stratum of the Caatinga vegetation, as thinning and enrichment, which aim to increase the support capacity of the native and cultivated pasture, through the increase in herbaceous forage biomass and biodiversity.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2019
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of savanna thinning and enrichment with g... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of savanna thinning and enrichment with grasses to maintain local biodiversity and intensify biomass production in an area of Caatinga. The study was carried out in a Caatinga area thinned into savanna and an unmanipulated area during the rainy and rainy-dry transition seasons of 2016. The herbaceous biomass production, diversity, and equability of the thinned and unmanipulated areas were evaluated by calculating values of the Shannon-Weaver (H?) and Pielou (J?) indices. The establishment of massai and buffel grasses in the savanna-thinned area was also evaluated. The area thinned into savanna produced more native herbaceous forage biomass in both the rainy (1,940.55 kg ha-1) and rainy-dry transition seasons (1,918.55 kg ha-1) than that in the unmanipulated area in the same periods (78.42 and 37.40 kg ha-1, respectively), without compromising biodiversity, as the Shannon-Weaver and Pielou indices for the savanna-thinned area (H...
Revista Caatinga, 2019
The objective of this study was to evaluate the thinning into strips and the enrichment with exot... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the thinning into strips and the enrichment with exotic grasses in a Caatinga area in order to maintain and increase the biodiversity of native vegetable species and forage production. Two studies were carried out-one in an area of Caatinga thinned into strips and one in an unmanipulated Caatinga area-during the rainy and rainy-dry season transition periods in 2016. The production of herbaceous biomass was evaluated, and the diversity and equability of the two areas were assessed through Shannon-Weaver (H’) and Pielou (J’) indexes. The establishment of massai and buffel grasses at the center and edges of the area thinned into strips was also evaluated. During the rainy season, the production of herbaceous biomass in the area thinned into strips and the unmanipulated area was 1,228 kg ha-1 and 833.33 kg ha-1, while during the rainy-dry transition period, it was 1,973 kg ha-1 and 836.00 kg ha-1, respectively. The indexes remained similar: H’...
Nature Precedings, 2009
Soil organic matter (SOM), which contains more reactive organic carbon (C) than any other single ... more Soil organic matter (SOM), which contains more reactive organic carbon (C) than any other single terrestrial pool, plays a major role in determining C storage in ecosystems and regulating atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2)^1^. Agroforestry, the practice of growing trees and crops in interacting combinations on the same unit of land^2^, primarily by resource-poor smallholder farmers in developing countries, is recognized as a strategy for soil carbon sequestration (SCS) under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol^3^. The understanding about C storage and dynamics under agroforestry systems (AFS), however, is minimal. Our studies under various AFS in diverse ecological conditions in five countries showed that tree-based agricultural systems, compared to treeless systems, stored more C in deeper soil layers up to 1 m depth under comparable conditions. More C is stored in soil near the tree than away from the tree; higher SOC content is associated w...
An experiment was conducted at the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Viçosa ... more An experiment was conducted at the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Viçosa to evaluate the influence of moisture, urea level and time of ammoniation on chemical-bromatologic compounds and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of Tifton 85 hay. In the trial, 2 kg of hay with five levels of urea (2; 4; 6; 8 and 10% dry matter bases), two moisture levels (20 and 40%), were stored for three periods of ammoniation (30; 60 and 90 days) in sealed plastic bags. Urea was mixed in water necessary to reach 20 and 40% of moisture levels when added to hay. A completely randomized design with three replications in a factorial arrangement was used. Total nitrogen (NT) and ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3) concentrations increased quadraticly when urea levels were increased. Total nitrogen values were higher at the lowest moisture, however N-NH3 increased with the increasing of moisture. Neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen (NDIN) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN) were n...
Journal of Environment Quality, 2011
Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 2009
The experiment was carried out to evaluate the intake and the digestibility of nutrients of eleph... more The experiment was carried out to evaluate the intake and the digestibility of nutrients of elephantgrass silage with levels (0,0; 10,0; 20,0 and 30,0%, natural matter basis) of coffee hulls, fed to sheep. Sixteen crossbreed castrated sheep, with 48.5 kg average live weight, were used in a randomized blocks design with four replicates. The intake of dry matter was influenced by coffee hulls which showed a quadratic effect, estimating maximum intake of 991.5 g/day (2.04% of live weight) with 7.2% of coffee hulls added. The intake of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), total carbohydrates (TC), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), in g/day, showed a quadratic effect, estimating maximum intake of 907.0, 118.2, 773.5, 727.7 and 591.0 g/day with 7.2, 5.6, 6.2, 4.7 and 2.9% of coffee hulls added, respectively. The digestibility of DM, OM, CP, TC and NDF decreased as the levels of coffee hulls in the silages were increased. The ether extract digestibilit...