Rafi Ullah - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Rafi Ullah
ACS Omega, 2022
The lead-free Ca(Sn x Ti 1−x)O 3 , (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) sample has been successfully prepared through th... more The lead-free Ca(Sn x Ti 1−x)O 3 , (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) sample has been successfully prepared through the ball milling process, sintered at 1200°C for 3 h. The structural, morphological, vibrational, and microwave dielectric properties of synthesized samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and impedance analysis. All the samples have an orthorhombic phase structure with a space group of Pbnm formation, and the crystalline size and strain changes with respect to Sn 4+ doping were observed in the XRD analysis. From a morphological point of view, on increasing the content "x", the grain size reduces from 3.29 to 1.37 μm. The existence of vibrations and the bridging stretching mode of Ti−O−Ti and Ti− O−Sn both are associated with the broadband in the region below 800 cm −1 verified by FT-IR. The variation in electrons hopping off the host compound with respect to Sn 4+ ions was analyzed in AC conductivity. The changes of dielectric properties such as complex permittivity, modulus spectroscopy, and dielectric loss at room temperature with a different frequency range of 1.00−2.00 GHz are discussed.
Applied Sciences, 2021
The ecological impacts of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) are well-documented, but a dearth o... more The ecological impacts of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) are well-documented, but a dearth of studies exist concerning its economic, livelihood, biotechnological, and health risk assessment perspectives. IAPS management is currently expanding to ecological indicator and biotechnological aspects. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the phytoremediation potential, biomedical, and bio-safety applications of X. strumarium growing in different abandoned habitats in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In this study, 45 plants and soil samples were gathered from 15 abandoned sites and analyzed for Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations; bioaccumulation (BA); and translocation factor (TF). The assayed Pb and Cd concentration was higher and above threshold in both soil–plant samples. BAF was found higher in roots than intact plants despite having a significant accumulation of Cd, Pb, and Zn, which shows high metals tolerance of this IAPS. PCA-ordination explained a high cumulative variance (98....
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
In this study, laser melting deposited TA15 alloy was examined by in-situ SEM tensile deformation... more In this study, laser melting deposited TA15 alloy was examined by in-situ SEM tensile deformation at a range of temperatures; RT, 300℃ and 500℃. The as-fabricated microstructure consists of prior β grains boundaries and fine basketweave microstructure. Due to LMD fabricated alloys’ anisotropic behavior, the tested samples were collected from the same region and direction. The XRD and SEM results showed that the temperature up to 500℃ has no impact on the phase constituent and structure morphology, revealing a stable microstructure. The tensile deformation at room temperature (RT) revealed that slip lines were the primary deformation mechanism generated in the parallel and larger alpha grain. An increase in temperature triggered grain boundary sliding during deformation, which enhanced the elongation in the material at the cost of tensile strength reduction. The grain boundary resistance to dislocation slip was affected by the sliding phenomenon due to increased temperature. Overall,...
Journal of Mountain Science, 2020
Applied Sciences, 2021
The forest ecosystem has understory vegetation that plays a vital role in sustaining diversity, p... more The forest ecosystem has understory vegetation that plays a vital role in sustaining diversity, providing nutrients, and forming a useful association for developing a balanced ecosystem. The current study provides detailed insights into the plant biodiversity and species classification of the understory vegetation of Swat, Pakistan. The floral diversity of the area was comprised of 58 plant species belonging to 32 families. The physiognomy of the studied area was dominated by herbaceous growth form with 47 species. The dominant life-form class was hemicryptophytes with 19 species (33%), followed by nanophanerophytes with 15 species (26%) and therophytes with 13 species (22%). Of the 58 species, 43 plant species were associated with group III clustered by applying Ward’s agglomerative clustering that indicated wide sociability of the species in the studied oak-dominated forests. Group III had higher species richness (10.3), α-diversity (2.74) and β-diversity (9.85), and Margalef inde...
Objective: This study aimed to see the clinical presentation and histological pattern of various ... more Objective: This study aimed to see the clinical presentation and histological pattern of various head and neck
Nitrogen deficiency in rice fields particularly in developing countries is one of the major abiot... more Nitrogen deficiency in rice fields particularly in developing countries is one of the major abiotic constraints which is generally managed by the extensive application of nitrogen fertilizers. Though, the application of chemical fertilizers efficiently increases soil fertility and productivity of the crop; however, ecological and environmental problems are grave concerns for ecosystem and environmental sustainability rendered by the unbalanced use of these chemicals. Instead, application of bio-fertilizers in cultivated fields have been well known for reducing heavy inputs of fertilizers and thereby contributing to environmental sustainability. Cyanobacteria, which have diverse range of species, many with beneficial agro-activities and nitrogen fixation capabilities, can serve as bio-fertilizers in rice fields because of greater dependency of rice crop on fixed nitrogen for its growth and production requirements. This paper focusses on the use of cyanobacteria as potential bio-ferti...
Software Carpentry lesson on how to use the shell to navigate the filesystem and write simple loo... more Software Carpentry lesson on how to use the shell to navigate the filesystem and write simple loops and scripts.
July 2021, 2021
Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surroundi... more Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surrounding environment. Fatigue and rutting are the major distresses which cause failures in flexible pavements. Different temperature control computer operated equipment’s are being used worldwide to predict the performance of asphalt mixtures at approximately same condition to those in-service pavements. Similarly, different types of polymers such as elastomer and thermoplastic have been used all over the world in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for the improvement of asphalt mixtures. But little attention has been taken to evaluate the effect of plastomer on hot mix asphalt performance. Moreover, the initial cost of elastomer is higher than other types of polymers such as plastomer. The aim of this research study is to check the effect of various plastomers on high/low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Four performance tests like Cooper wheel tracker, dynamic modulus, uniaxial repeated load a...
Global Decline of Insects, 2021
Insect control for crops is one of the most critical global concerns. Pest management is an econo... more Insect control for crops is one of the most critical global concerns. Pest management is an economic and ecological problem worldwide due to the human and environmental risks raised by most synthetic pesticide products. Botanical insecticides have resurfaced in popularity due to their low cost and low environmental impact, rather than their negative effects on human health. Botanical insecticides destroy only the insects they are meant to kill, leaving no residue on food or in the environment. Botanicals have long been used to combat pests. The compounds have many environmental advantages. However, as opposed to other bio-control pests and pathogens, their use was minimal during the twentieth century. In developing countries, botanical insecticides are well adapted for use in organic food production. Nonetheless, they may play a far bigger role in developed countries’ food production and post-harvest food protection. Consequently, the current chapter briefly addresses botanicals wit...
Materials, 2021
The current research examines the impact of Ca2+ substitution on the phase and electrical propert... more The current research examines the impact of Ca2+ substitution on the phase and electrical properties of (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9, (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9) sintered pellets synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The as-synthesized samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and impedance spectroscopy. The emergence of orthorhombic phase fit into space group Pnmm was revealed by XRD, and the addition of Ca resulted in a considerable shift in grain size. Dielectric properties were determined using an impedance spectroscopy in a wide frequency range from 1MHz to 3 GHz. The dielectric properties i.e., dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tanσ), were measured at 3 GHz frequency. The frequency-dependent parameters such as conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss indicated that the relaxation process is a Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The improved dielectric properties and low energy loss have made (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9 a prominent energy storage ...
Research in Veterinary Science, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2018
Agile is a light weight software development methodology that is useful for rapid application dev... more Agile is a light weight software development methodology that is useful for rapid application development which is the need of current software industry. Since the focus of agile software development is the customer but it does not provide the detailed information about the application's architecture and documentation, so software architecture has its own benefits and use of it has many positive effects. The focus of this paper is to provide a systematic mapping of emerging issues in feature driven development that arises due to lack of architecture support in agile methodology and proposed solution's model. Results of this mapping provides a guideline for researcher to improve the agile methodology by achieving the benefits employed by having an architecture in place that is aligned with agile values and principles. Following research addresses to implement the SEI architecture centric methods in FDD methodology in an adapted form, such that the burden of architecture doesn't affect the agility of FDD. And the researcher found the de-motivators of agile which helps to understand the internal cycle and reduces the issues to implement the architecture. This study helps to understand the difference between architecture and FDD. This researcher mapping creates awareness about the process improvement with the combination of architecture and FDD.
Construction and Building Materials, 2020
h i g h l i g h t s Moisture damage resistance of waste plastic modified asphalt mixtures was con... more h i g h l i g h t s Moisture damage resistance of waste plastic modified asphalt mixtures was conducted. Wet method of mixing was found relatively better than dry method of mixing to resist moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. Calcium carbonate and dolomite type aggregate quarries were found relatively better against moisture resistance due to high polarity, basic and hydrophobic nature of aggregate. Waste plastic modifiers in asphalt pavement extends pavement service life as well as reduction of raw material to maintain sustainable environment.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2019
Laser direct melting deposited (LDMD) Ti-6Al-4V alloys are mainly used in aerospace fields. It is... more Laser direct melting deposited (LDMD) Ti-6Al-4V alloys are mainly used in aerospace fields. It is very important to study their deformation behavior as a function of the application conditions (i.e. temperature and stress). This work compared the dynamic microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of LDMD Ti-6Al-4V alloys at 23℃ and 650℃. A method based on in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tensile testing was used to identify the initiation of cracks and propagation mode of slip bands. The deformation mechanisms at low and elevated temperatures were discussed. The results showed that the strength decreased and the elongation increased with increasing temperature. These results were verified by the propagation modes of slip bands and opening of the active deformation systems.
The Professional Medical Journal, 2018
… Background: Para-umbilical hernias are the common hernias among ventral abdominal hernias const... more … Background: Para-umbilical hernias are the common hernias among ventral abdominal hernias constituting about 85% of the overall abdominal wall hernias. Due to their high risk of complications, adult paraumbilical hernias needs surgical repair. Objectives: To compare effectiveness of mesh versus mayo's repair of para umbilical hernias in terms of postoperative pain. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Surgical Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Period: 12 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 162 patients with paraumblical hernia were repaired. They were equally divided into 2 groups with mesh repair (group A) and Mayo's repair (Group B). The intervention effectiveness of mesh versus mayo's repair of para umbilical hernias was measured in terms of post-operative pain by Visual Analogue Scale at the end of 3rd month. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 17. Chi Square Test was used p Value < 0.05 was significant. All the results were presented in the form of tables and charts. Results: Mean age in (Mesh repair) was 30 years ± 2.1SD whereas mean age in (Mayos repair) was 28 years ± 1.71SD. In Group A (Mesh repair), 73(90%) patients had mild pain (VAS 0-3), 8(10%) patients had moderate pain (VAS 4-6). In Group B (Mayos repair), 63(78%) patients had mild pain (VAS 0-3), 16(20%) patients had moderate pain score (VAS 4-6), 2(2%) patients had severe pain score (VAS 7-10). Mesh repair was effective in 73(90%) patients whereas Mayos repair was effective in 63 (78%) patients. Conclusion: Mesh repair is more effective in terms of post-operative pain than Mayos repair.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2017
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been remained an important agricultural crop in resolving globa... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been remained an important agricultural crop in resolving global food issues through decades. The crop has experienced enormous growth in terms of production throughout the world in recent decades because of improvement in agricultural mechanization, fertilizers application and irrigation practices. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of this valuable crop is still vulnerable to losses due to prevalence of different viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodes infestations. Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is one of the most threatening pathogenic diseases which not only results in direct crop losses but also cause farmers to embrace huge monetary expenses for disease control and preventive measures. The disease is well known for notorious ‘Irish Famine’ which resulted in drop of Irish population by more than 20% as result of hunger and potato starvation. Globally, annual losses of crop and money spend on fungicides for la...
Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications, 2014
The present study was performed to determine the extent of heterosis in three way cross maize hyb... more The present study was performed to determine the extent of heterosis in three way cross maize hybrids for yield and yield contributing traits at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, in 2012. In spring season, 18 three way cross hybrids were developed by crossing 18 elite inbred lines with three single cross hybrids in different combinations. In summer season, the crosses were evaluated along with commercial check hybrids. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were recorded on plant height, ear height, cob length, kernel rows cob-1, 100-seed weight and grain yield. Hybrids showed highly significant differences for all traits studied except kernel rows cob-1. Maximum plant height was recorded for Ev3-157-5-4- 2×P-30k08, while minimum plant height was attained by Pop 9804×Bemisal. Maximum ear height was recorded for Swajk-4-9×P-3025. Pop 9804×Bemisal exhibited minimum ear height. Percent heterosis for plant and ear height over checks showed positive and negative differences. Among the hybrids, maximum ear length was observed for Ev3-157-5-1-7-3-9-5×Bemisal, while minimum was recorded for Ev3-157-5-1-1-9-1× P-3025. Maximum number of kernel rows ear-l was detected for Ev3-157-5-1-1-9-1×P-30k08 and Pop9804×Bemisal, while minimum number of kernel rows ear-l was exhibited for Ev3-157-5-4-2×P-30k08 and Ev3-45-4-3-7-2-3-2×P-30k08. Maximum 100- kernel weight was recorded for Ev3-120-2-3-2-1-2-1×P-30k08, while minimum 100-kernel weight was observed for Ev3-157-5-4-2×P- 30k08. Highest yielding cross was Swajk-6-6-3-5-1×P-30k08, while lowest grain yield was observed for Ev3-157-5-4-2×P-30k08. The magnitude of heterosis for yield and yield contributing traits varied and showed significant as well as non significant estimates for various traits studied during investigation.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2014
The fundamental step in brain research deals with recording electroencephalogram (EEG) signals an... more The fundamental step in brain research deals with recording electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and then investigating the recorded signals quantitatively. Topographic EEG (visual spatial representation of EEG signal) is commonly referred to as brain topomaps or brain EEG maps. In this chapter, full search full search block motion estimation algorithm has been employed to track the brain activity in brain topomaps to understand the mechanism of brain wiring. The behavior of EEG topomaps is examined throughout a particular brain activation with respect to time. Motion vectors are used to track the brain activation over the scalp during the activation period. Using motion estimation it is possible to track the path from the starting point of activation to the final point of activation. Thus it is possible to track the path of a signal across various lobes.
American Journal of Physics, 2014
We present details of an experiment that improves earlier attempts to study the propagation of di... more We present details of an experiment that improves earlier attempts to study the propagation of diffusive thermal waves inside a metal rod. In addition to technical improvements in data acquisition and heater control, the experiment physically illustrates insightful concepts in Fourier analysis. For example, the harmonic content and the differential damping of harmonics can be observed in the thermal domain, thus providing a valuable extension to the standard Fourier analysis of electric circuits. V
ACS Omega, 2022
The lead-free Ca(Sn x Ti 1−x)O 3 , (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) sample has been successfully prepared through th... more The lead-free Ca(Sn x Ti 1−x)O 3 , (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) sample has been successfully prepared through the ball milling process, sintered at 1200°C for 3 h. The structural, morphological, vibrational, and microwave dielectric properties of synthesized samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and impedance analysis. All the samples have an orthorhombic phase structure with a space group of Pbnm formation, and the crystalline size and strain changes with respect to Sn 4+ doping were observed in the XRD analysis. From a morphological point of view, on increasing the content "x", the grain size reduces from 3.29 to 1.37 μm. The existence of vibrations and the bridging stretching mode of Ti−O−Ti and Ti− O−Sn both are associated with the broadband in the region below 800 cm −1 verified by FT-IR. The variation in electrons hopping off the host compound with respect to Sn 4+ ions was analyzed in AC conductivity. The changes of dielectric properties such as complex permittivity, modulus spectroscopy, and dielectric loss at room temperature with a different frequency range of 1.00−2.00 GHz are discussed.
Applied Sciences, 2021
The ecological impacts of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) are well-documented, but a dearth o... more The ecological impacts of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) are well-documented, but a dearth of studies exist concerning its economic, livelihood, biotechnological, and health risk assessment perspectives. IAPS management is currently expanding to ecological indicator and biotechnological aspects. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the phytoremediation potential, biomedical, and bio-safety applications of X. strumarium growing in different abandoned habitats in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. In this study, 45 plants and soil samples were gathered from 15 abandoned sites and analyzed for Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations; bioaccumulation (BA); and translocation factor (TF). The assayed Pb and Cd concentration was higher and above threshold in both soil–plant samples. BAF was found higher in roots than intact plants despite having a significant accumulation of Cd, Pb, and Zn, which shows high metals tolerance of this IAPS. PCA-ordination explained a high cumulative variance (98....
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021
In this study, laser melting deposited TA15 alloy was examined by in-situ SEM tensile deformation... more In this study, laser melting deposited TA15 alloy was examined by in-situ SEM tensile deformation at a range of temperatures; RT, 300℃ and 500℃. The as-fabricated microstructure consists of prior β grains boundaries and fine basketweave microstructure. Due to LMD fabricated alloys’ anisotropic behavior, the tested samples were collected from the same region and direction. The XRD and SEM results showed that the temperature up to 500℃ has no impact on the phase constituent and structure morphology, revealing a stable microstructure. The tensile deformation at room temperature (RT) revealed that slip lines were the primary deformation mechanism generated in the parallel and larger alpha grain. An increase in temperature triggered grain boundary sliding during deformation, which enhanced the elongation in the material at the cost of tensile strength reduction. The grain boundary resistance to dislocation slip was affected by the sliding phenomenon due to increased temperature. Overall,...
Journal of Mountain Science, 2020
Applied Sciences, 2021
The forest ecosystem has understory vegetation that plays a vital role in sustaining diversity, p... more The forest ecosystem has understory vegetation that plays a vital role in sustaining diversity, providing nutrients, and forming a useful association for developing a balanced ecosystem. The current study provides detailed insights into the plant biodiversity and species classification of the understory vegetation of Swat, Pakistan. The floral diversity of the area was comprised of 58 plant species belonging to 32 families. The physiognomy of the studied area was dominated by herbaceous growth form with 47 species. The dominant life-form class was hemicryptophytes with 19 species (33%), followed by nanophanerophytes with 15 species (26%) and therophytes with 13 species (22%). Of the 58 species, 43 plant species were associated with group III clustered by applying Ward’s agglomerative clustering that indicated wide sociability of the species in the studied oak-dominated forests. Group III had higher species richness (10.3), α-diversity (2.74) and β-diversity (9.85), and Margalef inde...
Objective: This study aimed to see the clinical presentation and histological pattern of various ... more Objective: This study aimed to see the clinical presentation and histological pattern of various head and neck
Nitrogen deficiency in rice fields particularly in developing countries is one of the major abiot... more Nitrogen deficiency in rice fields particularly in developing countries is one of the major abiotic constraints which is generally managed by the extensive application of nitrogen fertilizers. Though, the application of chemical fertilizers efficiently increases soil fertility and productivity of the crop; however, ecological and environmental problems are grave concerns for ecosystem and environmental sustainability rendered by the unbalanced use of these chemicals. Instead, application of bio-fertilizers in cultivated fields have been well known for reducing heavy inputs of fertilizers and thereby contributing to environmental sustainability. Cyanobacteria, which have diverse range of species, many with beneficial agro-activities and nitrogen fixation capabilities, can serve as bio-fertilizers in rice fields because of greater dependency of rice crop on fixed nitrogen for its growth and production requirements. This paper focusses on the use of cyanobacteria as potential bio-ferti...
Software Carpentry lesson on how to use the shell to navigate the filesystem and write simple loo... more Software Carpentry lesson on how to use the shell to navigate the filesystem and write simple loops and scripts.
July 2021, 2021
Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surroundi... more Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surrounding environment. Fatigue and rutting are the major distresses which cause failures in flexible pavements. Different temperature control computer operated equipment’s are being used worldwide to predict the performance of asphalt mixtures at approximately same condition to those in-service pavements. Similarly, different types of polymers such as elastomer and thermoplastic have been used all over the world in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for the improvement of asphalt mixtures. But little attention has been taken to evaluate the effect of plastomer on hot mix asphalt performance. Moreover, the initial cost of elastomer is higher than other types of polymers such as plastomer. The aim of this research study is to check the effect of various plastomers on high/low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Four performance tests like Cooper wheel tracker, dynamic modulus, uniaxial repeated load a...
Global Decline of Insects, 2021
Insect control for crops is one of the most critical global concerns. Pest management is an econo... more Insect control for crops is one of the most critical global concerns. Pest management is an economic and ecological problem worldwide due to the human and environmental risks raised by most synthetic pesticide products. Botanical insecticides have resurfaced in popularity due to their low cost and low environmental impact, rather than their negative effects on human health. Botanical insecticides destroy only the insects they are meant to kill, leaving no residue on food or in the environment. Botanicals have long been used to combat pests. The compounds have many environmental advantages. However, as opposed to other bio-control pests and pathogens, their use was minimal during the twentieth century. In developing countries, botanical insecticides are well adapted for use in organic food production. Nonetheless, they may play a far bigger role in developed countries’ food production and post-harvest food protection. Consequently, the current chapter briefly addresses botanicals wit...
Materials, 2021
The current research examines the impact of Ca2+ substitution on the phase and electrical propert... more The current research examines the impact of Ca2+ substitution on the phase and electrical properties of (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9, (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9) sintered pellets synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The as-synthesized samples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and impedance spectroscopy. The emergence of orthorhombic phase fit into space group Pnmm was revealed by XRD, and the addition of Ca resulted in a considerable shift in grain size. Dielectric properties were determined using an impedance spectroscopy in a wide frequency range from 1MHz to 3 GHz. The dielectric properties i.e., dielectric constant (εr) and dielectric loss (tanσ), were measured at 3 GHz frequency. The frequency-dependent parameters such as conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss indicated that the relaxation process is a Maxwell–Wagner type of interfacial polarization. The improved dielectric properties and low energy loss have made (Ba1−xCax)Ti4O9 a prominent energy storage ...
Research in Veterinary Science, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2018
Agile is a light weight software development methodology that is useful for rapid application dev... more Agile is a light weight software development methodology that is useful for rapid application development which is the need of current software industry. Since the focus of agile software development is the customer but it does not provide the detailed information about the application's architecture and documentation, so software architecture has its own benefits and use of it has many positive effects. The focus of this paper is to provide a systematic mapping of emerging issues in feature driven development that arises due to lack of architecture support in agile methodology and proposed solution's model. Results of this mapping provides a guideline for researcher to improve the agile methodology by achieving the benefits employed by having an architecture in place that is aligned with agile values and principles. Following research addresses to implement the SEI architecture centric methods in FDD methodology in an adapted form, such that the burden of architecture doesn't affect the agility of FDD. And the researcher found the de-motivators of agile which helps to understand the internal cycle and reduces the issues to implement the architecture. This study helps to understand the difference between architecture and FDD. This researcher mapping creates awareness about the process improvement with the combination of architecture and FDD.
Construction and Building Materials, 2020
h i g h l i g h t s Moisture damage resistance of waste plastic modified asphalt mixtures was con... more h i g h l i g h t s Moisture damage resistance of waste plastic modified asphalt mixtures was conducted. Wet method of mixing was found relatively better than dry method of mixing to resist moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. Calcium carbonate and dolomite type aggregate quarries were found relatively better against moisture resistance due to high polarity, basic and hydrophobic nature of aggregate. Waste plastic modifiers in asphalt pavement extends pavement service life as well as reduction of raw material to maintain sustainable environment.
Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2019
Laser direct melting deposited (LDMD) Ti-6Al-4V alloys are mainly used in aerospace fields. It is... more Laser direct melting deposited (LDMD) Ti-6Al-4V alloys are mainly used in aerospace fields. It is very important to study their deformation behavior as a function of the application conditions (i.e. temperature and stress). This work compared the dynamic microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of LDMD Ti-6Al-4V alloys at 23℃ and 650℃. A method based on in-situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tensile testing was used to identify the initiation of cracks and propagation mode of slip bands. The deformation mechanisms at low and elevated temperatures were discussed. The results showed that the strength decreased and the elongation increased with increasing temperature. These results were verified by the propagation modes of slip bands and opening of the active deformation systems.
The Professional Medical Journal, 2018
… Background: Para-umbilical hernias are the common hernias among ventral abdominal hernias const... more … Background: Para-umbilical hernias are the common hernias among ventral abdominal hernias constituting about 85% of the overall abdominal wall hernias. Due to their high risk of complications, adult paraumbilical hernias needs surgical repair. Objectives: To compare effectiveness of mesh versus mayo's repair of para umbilical hernias in terms of postoperative pain. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Surgical Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Period: 12 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 162 patients with paraumblical hernia were repaired. They were equally divided into 2 groups with mesh repair (group A) and Mayo's repair (Group B). The intervention effectiveness of mesh versus mayo's repair of para umbilical hernias was measured in terms of post-operative pain by Visual Analogue Scale at the end of 3rd month. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 17. Chi Square Test was used p Value < 0.05 was significant. All the results were presented in the form of tables and charts. Results: Mean age in (Mesh repair) was 30 years ± 2.1SD whereas mean age in (Mayos repair) was 28 years ± 1.71SD. In Group A (Mesh repair), 73(90%) patients had mild pain (VAS 0-3), 8(10%) patients had moderate pain (VAS 4-6). In Group B (Mayos repair), 63(78%) patients had mild pain (VAS 0-3), 16(20%) patients had moderate pain score (VAS 4-6), 2(2%) patients had severe pain score (VAS 7-10). Mesh repair was effective in 73(90%) patients whereas Mayos repair was effective in 63 (78%) patients. Conclusion: Mesh repair is more effective in terms of post-operative pain than Mayos repair.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2017
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been remained an important agricultural crop in resolving globa... more Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been remained an important agricultural crop in resolving global food issues through decades. The crop has experienced enormous growth in terms of production throughout the world in recent decades because of improvement in agricultural mechanization, fertilizers application and irrigation practices. Nevertheless, a significant proportion of this valuable crop is still vulnerable to losses due to prevalence of different viral, bacterial, fungal and nematodes infestations. Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is one of the most threatening pathogenic diseases which not only results in direct crop losses but also cause farmers to embrace huge monetary expenses for disease control and preventive measures. The disease is well known for notorious ‘Irish Famine’ which resulted in drop of Irish population by more than 20% as result of hunger and potato starvation. Globally, annual losses of crop and money spend on fungicides for la...
Journal of Agricultural Science and Applications, 2014
The present study was performed to determine the extent of heterosis in three way cross maize hyb... more The present study was performed to determine the extent of heterosis in three way cross maize hybrids for yield and yield contributing traits at Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Nowshera, Pakistan, in 2012. In spring season, 18 three way cross hybrids were developed by crossing 18 elite inbred lines with three single cross hybrids in different combinations. In summer season, the crosses were evaluated along with commercial check hybrids. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were recorded on plant height, ear height, cob length, kernel rows cob-1, 100-seed weight and grain yield. Hybrids showed highly significant differences for all traits studied except kernel rows cob-1. Maximum plant height was recorded for Ev3-157-5-4- 2×P-30k08, while minimum plant height was attained by Pop 9804×Bemisal. Maximum ear height was recorded for Swajk-4-9×P-3025. Pop 9804×Bemisal exhibited minimum ear height. Percent heterosis for plant and ear height over checks showed positive and negative differences. Among the hybrids, maximum ear length was observed for Ev3-157-5-1-7-3-9-5×Bemisal, while minimum was recorded for Ev3-157-5-1-1-9-1× P-3025. Maximum number of kernel rows ear-l was detected for Ev3-157-5-1-1-9-1×P-30k08 and Pop9804×Bemisal, while minimum number of kernel rows ear-l was exhibited for Ev3-157-5-4-2×P-30k08 and Ev3-45-4-3-7-2-3-2×P-30k08. Maximum 100- kernel weight was recorded for Ev3-120-2-3-2-1-2-1×P-30k08, while minimum 100-kernel weight was observed for Ev3-157-5-4-2×P- 30k08. Highest yielding cross was Swajk-6-6-3-5-1×P-30k08, while lowest grain yield was observed for Ev3-157-5-4-2×P-30k08. The magnitude of heterosis for yield and yield contributing traits varied and showed significant as well as non significant estimates for various traits studied during investigation.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2014
The fundamental step in brain research deals with recording electroencephalogram (EEG) signals an... more The fundamental step in brain research deals with recording electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and then investigating the recorded signals quantitatively. Topographic EEG (visual spatial representation of EEG signal) is commonly referred to as brain topomaps or brain EEG maps. In this chapter, full search full search block motion estimation algorithm has been employed to track the brain activity in brain topomaps to understand the mechanism of brain wiring. The behavior of EEG topomaps is examined throughout a particular brain activation with respect to time. Motion vectors are used to track the brain activation over the scalp during the activation period. Using motion estimation it is possible to track the path from the starting point of activation to the final point of activation. Thus it is possible to track the path of a signal across various lobes.
American Journal of Physics, 2014
We present details of an experiment that improves earlier attempts to study the propagation of di... more We present details of an experiment that improves earlier attempts to study the propagation of diffusive thermal waves inside a metal rod. In addition to technical improvements in data acquisition and heater control, the experiment physically illustrates insightful concepts in Fourier analysis. For example, the harmonic content and the differential damping of harmonics can be observed in the thermal domain, thus providing a valuable extension to the standard Fourier analysis of electric circuits. V