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Papers by Raghad Aljohani

PLOS ONE

Recent data regarding the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in Saudi Arabia... more Recent data regarding the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in Saudi Arabia are particularly lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and to identify potential associates of hypertension risk among adults in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Cross-sectional data for 489 Saudi adults were collected from public places in the cities of Madinah and Jeddah. Demographic, anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference), and blood pressure (assessed by a digital sphygmomanometer) data were collected from all participants during face-to-face interviews. The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines were used to evaluate blood pressure status. Sodium intake was assessed using a semi-validated food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence of undiagnosed, elevated blood pressure, stage I, or stage II hypertension was 9.82%, 39.5%, and 17.2%, respectively. The proportions of individuals with und...

International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries

Micronutrients are essential elements for a good health state. However, the use of micronutrient ... more Micronutrients are essential elements for a good health state. However, the use of micronutrient supplements is a double-edged sword. For instance, the toxicity of micronutrients may be fatal in many cases. Meanwhile, micronutrient supplements are commonly used among children and pregnant women. Therefore, knowledge about the safety burden of micronutrient use is necessary for preventing severe events for both subgroups. However, the available data regarding micronutrient toxicity are limited. In this review, we discussed the toxicity and the adverse events of common micronutrients due to excessive intake and misuse of micronutrient supplements.

International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries

Background: This study aimed to assess the self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) level among th... more Background: This study aimed to assess the self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) level among the pre-clinical versus clinical years and identify the factors influencing this level. Methods: A validated, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. SDL Instrument was sent to medical students at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University using an online survey tool. Participants were asked to rate their learning motivation, planning, implementation, self-monitoring, and interpersonal motivation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The findings demonstrate that more than half of the study participants had an above-average level of SDL. Pre-clinical students (80.1 ± 11.1) reported higher total mean scores compared with clinical students (75.3 ± 12.6). The highest scores were for the learning motivation and planning/implementation domains. Female students scored higher (79.3 ± 11.4) than male students (75.1 ± 12.7). A negative correlation in age was observed; however, t...

Cureus

The pathogenesis of psoriasis involves the interaction of several environmental and genetic facto... more The pathogenesis of psoriasis involves the interaction of several environmental and genetic factors. Predicting the disease risk cannot depend on individual genetic alleles. Consequently, some studies have evaluated the use of genetic risk scores that combine several psoriasis susceptibility loci to increase the accuracy of predicting/diagnosing the disease. This meta-analysis summarizes the evidence regarding using genetic risk scores (GRS) in the diagnosis or prediction of psoriasis. A search of MEDLINE/PubMed, the Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) database, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest was conducted in July 2022. The primary objective was to record the area under the curve (AUC) for GRS of psoriasis. Secondary objectives included characteristics of studies and patients. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the PROBAST tool. Five studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria of this review. None of the studies described the clinical criteria (reference standard) that were employed to diagnose psoriasis. The AUCs of the 11 GRS models ranged from 0.6029-0.8583 (median: 0.75). Marked heterogeneity was detected (Cochran Q: 1250.051, p < 0.001, and I 2 index: 99.2%). So, pooling of the results of the included studies was not performed. The ROB was high for all studies and clinical application was not described. Genetic risk scores are promising tools for the prediction of psoriasis with fair to good accuracy. However, further research is required to identify the most accurate combination of loci and to validate the scores in variable ethnicities.

International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries

Background: In most recent studies in Saudi Arabia, the percentage of uncontrolled asthma was hig... more Background: In most recent studies in Saudi Arabia, the percentage of uncontrolled asthma was higher than the worldwide population, especially among the younger age group. Despite the effectiveness of medications, poor adherence in adolescents is a major barrier that prevents them from achieving good asthma control. The objective of this study was to guide adolescents toward better asthma control. We explored barriers affecting medication adherence among adolescents with asthma in the Medina region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Medina region. Data were collected from online surveys, intermediate and secondary schools, and primary healthcare centers from 221 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old who answered online self-reported questionnaires that included the modified Medication Adherence Rating Scale and the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Result: Our results showed that 63.8% of the study population were non-adherent to asthma medications. Overall, 44.8% h...

Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, Jul 1, 2022

Acta Cytologica, 2020

Introduction: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of canc... more Introduction: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of cancer in general, primarily cervical cancer. We aim here to highlight the prevalence and genotypes of HR HPV and correlate its association with Pap tests’ results, which are still not well known in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Over 7 years (2013–2019), the results of 164 Saudi women coinvestigated for HR HPV along with Pap tests were collected from the archive of King Fahd University Hospital. Only women who had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on the Pap test and those at elevated risk of infection were cotested for HR HPV; otherwise, the Pap test was the only screening modality for cervical cancer. Data were organized and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS v26. Results: Out of 164 Saudi women, 14.5% (n = 24/164) showed positive results for HR HPV (8 patients had HPV16 and 2 had both HPV16 and HPV18/45, while the remaining 14 had other HR HP...

Objective: High-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of all cancer... more Objective: High-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of all cancer, especially cervical cancer. The prevalence of high-risk HPV associated with cervical lesions is not well-known in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to highlight the genotypes of high-risk HPV associated with pre-malignant cervical lesions. Methods: Over 6 years (2013 - 2018), 5091 Pap (Papanicolaou) smears results and 170 high-risk HPV test results were collected from the Information System at King Fahd University Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Results: Out of 5091 Pap smears, only 1.89% (n=96) were abnormal; 0.18% (n=9) were malignant (7 Squamous cell carcinomas and 2 adenocarcinomas), while 1.7% (n=87) showed pre-cancerous lesions, 44 ASCUS (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance), 17 LSIL (Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions), 12 HSIL ( High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions), and ...

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019

PLOS ONE

Recent data regarding the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in Saudi Arabia... more Recent data regarding the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in Saudi Arabia are particularly lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and to identify potential associates of hypertension risk among adults in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Cross-sectional data for 489 Saudi adults were collected from public places in the cities of Madinah and Jeddah. Demographic, anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference), and blood pressure (assessed by a digital sphygmomanometer) data were collected from all participants during face-to-face interviews. The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines were used to evaluate blood pressure status. Sodium intake was assessed using a semi-validated food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence of undiagnosed, elevated blood pressure, stage I, or stage II hypertension was 9.82%, 39.5%, and 17.2%, respectively. The proportions of individuals with und...

International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries

Micronutrients are essential elements for a good health state. However, the use of micronutrient ... more Micronutrients are essential elements for a good health state. However, the use of micronutrient supplements is a double-edged sword. For instance, the toxicity of micronutrients may be fatal in many cases. Meanwhile, micronutrient supplements are commonly used among children and pregnant women. Therefore, knowledge about the safety burden of micronutrient use is necessary for preventing severe events for both subgroups. However, the available data regarding micronutrient toxicity are limited. In this review, we discussed the toxicity and the adverse events of common micronutrients due to excessive intake and misuse of micronutrient supplements.

International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries

Background: This study aimed to assess the self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) level among th... more Background: This study aimed to assess the self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) level among the pre-clinical versus clinical years and identify the factors influencing this level. Methods: A validated, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. SDL Instrument was sent to medical students at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University using an online survey tool. Participants were asked to rate their learning motivation, planning, implementation, self-monitoring, and interpersonal motivation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The findings demonstrate that more than half of the study participants had an above-average level of SDL. Pre-clinical students (80.1 ± 11.1) reported higher total mean scores compared with clinical students (75.3 ± 12.6). The highest scores were for the learning motivation and planning/implementation domains. Female students scored higher (79.3 ± 11.4) than male students (75.1 ± 12.7). A negative correlation in age was observed; however, t...

Cureus

The pathogenesis of psoriasis involves the interaction of several environmental and genetic facto... more The pathogenesis of psoriasis involves the interaction of several environmental and genetic factors. Predicting the disease risk cannot depend on individual genetic alleles. Consequently, some studies have evaluated the use of genetic risk scores that combine several psoriasis susceptibility loci to increase the accuracy of predicting/diagnosing the disease. This meta-analysis summarizes the evidence regarding using genetic risk scores (GRS) in the diagnosis or prediction of psoriasis. A search of MEDLINE/PubMed, the Latin American Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) database, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest was conducted in July 2022. The primary objective was to record the area under the curve (AUC) for GRS of psoriasis. Secondary objectives included characteristics of studies and patients. The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the PROBAST tool. Five studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria of this review. None of the studies described the clinical criteria (reference standard) that were employed to diagnose psoriasis. The AUCs of the 11 GRS models ranged from 0.6029-0.8583 (median: 0.75). Marked heterogeneity was detected (Cochran Q: 1250.051, p < 0.001, and I 2 index: 99.2%). So, pooling of the results of the included studies was not performed. The ROB was high for all studies and clinical application was not described. Genetic risk scores are promising tools for the prediction of psoriasis with fair to good accuracy. However, further research is required to identify the most accurate combination of loci and to validate the scores in variable ethnicities.

International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries

Background: In most recent studies in Saudi Arabia, the percentage of uncontrolled asthma was hig... more Background: In most recent studies in Saudi Arabia, the percentage of uncontrolled asthma was higher than the worldwide population, especially among the younger age group. Despite the effectiveness of medications, poor adherence in adolescents is a major barrier that prevents them from achieving good asthma control. The objective of this study was to guide adolescents toward better asthma control. We explored barriers affecting medication adherence among adolescents with asthma in the Medina region. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Medina region. Data were collected from online surveys, intermediate and secondary schools, and primary healthcare centers from 221 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old who answered online self-reported questionnaires that included the modified Medication Adherence Rating Scale and the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Result: Our results showed that 63.8% of the study population were non-adherent to asthma medications. Overall, 44.8% h...

Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis, Jul 1, 2022

Acta Cytologica, 2020

Introduction: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of canc... more Introduction: High-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of cancer in general, primarily cervical cancer. We aim here to highlight the prevalence and genotypes of HR HPV and correlate its association with Pap tests’ results, which are still not well known in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Over 7 years (2013–2019), the results of 164 Saudi women coinvestigated for HR HPV along with Pap tests were collected from the archive of King Fahd University Hospital. Only women who had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on the Pap test and those at elevated risk of infection were cotested for HR HPV; otherwise, the Pap test was the only screening modality for cervical cancer. Data were organized and statistically analyzed using IBM SPSS v26. Results: Out of 164 Saudi women, 14.5% (n = 24/164) showed positive results for HR HPV (8 patients had HPV16 and 2 had both HPV16 and HPV18/45, while the remaining 14 had other HR HP...

Objective: High-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of all cancer... more Objective: High-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) is found to be responsible for 4.5% of all cancer, especially cervical cancer. The prevalence of high-risk HPV associated with cervical lesions is not well-known in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to highlight the genotypes of high-risk HPV associated with pre-malignant cervical lesions. Methods: Over 6 years (2013 - 2018), 5091 Pap (Papanicolaou) smears results and 170 high-risk HPV test results were collected from the Information System at King Fahd University Hospital. Statistical analysis was performed using the software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Results: Out of 5091 Pap smears, only 1.89% (n=96) were abnormal; 0.18% (n=9) were malignant (7 Squamous cell carcinomas and 2 adenocarcinomas), while 1.7% (n=87) showed pre-cancerous lesions, 44 ASCUS (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance), 17 LSIL (Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions), 12 HSIL ( High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions), and ...

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019