Ragunath Kaliaperumal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ragunath Kaliaperumal
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, Sep 18, 2023
The effect of spray volume on weed control in transplanted rice ecosystems using the Unmanned aer... more The effect of spray volume on weed control in transplanted rice ecosystems using the Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs to be better understood for management in the advancements of UAV-based spraying technology. The present study aimed to find out the influence of varied spray volumes of 15 L/ha, 20 L/ha and 25 L/ha using the UAV and 500 L/ha using a Knapsack sprayer (KS) to compare the weed density, weed dry matter and weed control efficiency and yield in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pre-emergence (PE) application of Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl at 25 g a.i./ha at three days after transplanting (DAT) and postemergence (PoE) application of Bis-pyribac sodium at 25 g a.i./ha at 25 DAT were used as herbicide treatments. The results revealed that varied spray volumes significantly influenced the weed density, dry matter, and weed control efficiency of the UAV and KS. Application of herbicides using KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha) had better control on the weeds by reducing weed density and dry matter at 20, 40, and 60 DAT, with no significant difference. Higher grain yield and straw yield were recorded in KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha), with no significant difference. However, applying 25 L/ha had better weed control efficiency and higher yield, possibly due to optimum deposition. Considering the low volume application of UAV (25 L/ha) as compared with KS (500 L/ha), it is better to go for the optimal application of 25 L/ha, which is an energy-efficient and cost-effective, laboursaving approach compared to KS.
Agriculture, Mar 19, 2024
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
In modern crop production, essential factors that contribute to narrowing yield gaps and minimizi... more In modern crop production, essential factors that contribute to narrowing yield gaps and minimizing production costs include making informed decisions about the selection of plant varieties, determining optimal sowing dates, determining appropriate plant populations, selecting suitable fertilizer rates, and implementing effective pest control methods. Two field experiments were conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2021 and 2022 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur using split-plot experimental design, where the main plots were three different sowing dates (20-25th October, November 10-15th, and 25th November-5th December), and the sub-plots were four chickpea cultivars (JG 16, RVG 202, IPC-07-66, and IPC-05-62), each with three replications. The genetic coefficients of the cultivars were estimated using both the iterative process (IP) and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methods in DSSAT v 4.7 to simulate the yields. Upon model validation, i...
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2019
A research study was conducted during Rabi 2016 (Samba season) to estimate rice area using SAR da... more A research study was conducted during Rabi 2016 (Samba season) to estimate rice area using SAR data in Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu. Multi temporal Sentinel 1A satellite data with VV and VH polarization at 20 m spatial resolution was acquired between September 2016 and January 2017 at 12 days interval and processed using rule-based Parameterized classification in MAPscape-RICE software. Continuous monitoring for crop parameters and validation exercise was done for accuracy assessment. Spectral dB curve of rice was generated and the dB values ranged from-12.76 to-9.95 for VV and from-19.25 to-15.15 for VH polarization with an average primary variation of 1.3 and 2.5 dB respectively. Start of Season (SOS) map was derived from satellite data showing rice emergence dates for the cropping season. A total rice area of 106773 ha was estimated in Tiruvarur district using VV polarization with an overall accuracy of 79.5% and 0.59 kappa index, while in VH polarization, the rice area was estimated to be 91007 ha with 82.1% over all accuracy and 0.64 kappa index. The lesser accuracy in VV polarization was due to underestimate of direct seeded rice area and in VH polarization, it was due to underestimate in Transplanted rice area. The VV and VH rice area maps were then integrated to derive a VV-VH rice area map in MAPscape-RICE software and it recorded a total rice area of 124551 ha with an accuracy of 91.5% and 0.83-kappa index .
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Crop cover mapping is an essential tool for controlling and enhancing agricultural productivity. ... more Crop cover mapping is an essential tool for controlling and enhancing agricultural productivity. By determining the spatial distribution of different crop types, solidified judgements regarding crop planning, crop management, and risk management can be made. Crop cover classification using optical data pose constraints in terms of spatial and spectral resolution. With Sentinel – 2 data providing the ground information at 10m resolution, users may choose the best spectral band combinations and temporal frame by analysing the spectral-temporal information of different crops. The crop categorization map for the Kallakurichi and Villupuram districts were created in this study using the Random Forest (RF) and Decision tree (C5.0) classifiers. The study mainly focuses on comparing the classification accuracy of two classifiers and figuring out the best classifiers for crop cover mapping with respect to the study area. The ground truth information collected, were partitioned into calibrati...
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
A study was conducted to examinethe impact of parent materials and land use on soil physical and ... more A study was conducted to examinethe impact of parent materials and land use on soil physical and chemical properties in soils of Tamil Nadu. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of parent materials and land use systems on soil properties. 15 parent materials(Lime, Marl shell, Sandstone with clay interaction, Granite (Gr2), Fuchsite quartzite, Fissile hornblende biotite gneiss, Limestone and Calcareous Shale, Sand/Clay admixture, Teri sand, Sand (Medium), Sand (Grey Brown Medium), Amphibolite, Gabbro, Hornblende biotite gneiss, Chamockite and Sandy Clay) and their respective major land use were selected for the study. In each land use type per parent material, six composite soil samples were collected from the representative location within the land use types at 0 - 30 cm soil depth and all soil samples were generated for laboratory analysis. Results showed that among the parent materials, Sandy clay had the highest silt + clay fractions, Sandy/Clay admixture had the highe...
Agronomy
Crop yield data are critical for managing agricultural sustainability and assessing national food... more Crop yield data are critical for managing agricultural sustainability and assessing national food security. This study aims at increasing peanut productivity from its current levels by analyzing the yield gap (difference) of potential production between theoretical yield and actual farmers’ yields. The spatial yield gap of peanut for the Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu is examined in this investigation by integrating the products of microwave remote sensing (SAR Sentinel-1A) with the DSSAT CROPGRO Peanut simulation model. The CROPGRO (crop growth) Peanut model was calibrated and validated by conducting a field experiment at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam during Rabi (spring) 2019 for predominant cultivars, i.e., TMV 7, TMV 13, VRI 2 and G 7. Actual attainable yield was recorded by organizing crop cutting experiments (CCEs) with the help of the Department of Agriculture Economics and Statistics in the respective monitoring villages. The regression analysis between the ma...
Crop yield data is critical for managing sustainable agriculture and assessing national food secu... more Crop yield data is critical for managing sustainable agriculture and assessing national food security. Current study aims to increase Peanut productivity from current levels by analyzing the yield gap of production potential between theoretical yield and actual farmers’ yields. The spatial yield gap of Peanut for Thiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu is examined in this paper by integrating the products of microwave remote sensing (SAR Sentinel-1A) with DSSAT CROPGRO peanut simulation model. CROPGRO Peanut model was calibrated and validated by conducting field experiment at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam during Rabi 2019 for predominant cultivars viz. TMV 7, TMV 13, VRI 2 and G 7. Actual attainable yield was recorded by organizing CCE with help of Department of Agriculture Economics and Statistics in the respective monitoring Villages. Regression analysis between maximum recorded DSSAT Leaf Area Index (LAI) at peak flowering stage of peanut and yield recorded by Crop Cutting...
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
A research study was carried out for mapping mango plantation from LISS IV data in the major bloc... more A research study was carried out for mapping mango plantation from LISS IV data in the major blocks of Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu where there is substantial production of Mango. A very high-resolution satellite data namely LISS IV was acquired and processed with GIS tools. Ground truth data gathered during the survey were utilized to identify significant dB values for mango plantations, which were then used to classify the mango pixels in the study region using supervised classification technique. The Mango area in major blocks of Krishnagiri district was found to be 9077.9 ha during the year 2023. Accuracy assessment and cross validation was done using confusion matrix with the ground truth points collected. The classification resulted with an overall accuracy of 91.2 per cent with a kappa score of 0.62.
Water
The prevalence of the frequent water stress conditions at present was found to be more frequent d... more The prevalence of the frequent water stress conditions at present was found to be more frequent due to increased weather anomalies and climate change scenarios, among other reasons. Periodic drought assessment and subsequent management are essential in effectively utilizing and managing water resources. For effective drought monitoring/assessment, satellite-based precipitation products offer more reliable rainfall estimates with higher accuracy and spatial coverage than conventional rain gauge data. The present study on satellite-based drought monitoring and reliability evaluation was conducted using four high-resolution precipitation products, i.e., IMERGH, TRMM, CHIRPS, and PERSIANN, during the northeast monsoon season of 2015, 2016, and 2017 in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. These four precipitation products were evaluated for accuracy and confidence level by assessing the meteorological drought using standard precipitation index (SPI) and by comparing the results with automatic...
Land
The soil–environmental relationship identified and standardised over the years has expedited the ... more The soil–environmental relationship identified and standardised over the years has expedited the growth of digital soil-mapping techniques; hence, various machine learning algorithms are involved in predicting soil attributes. Therefore, comparing the different machine learning algorithms is essential to provide insights into the performance of the different algorithms in predicting soil information for Indian landscapes. In this study, we compared a suite of six machine learning algorithms to predict quantitative (Cubist, decision tree, k-NN, multiple linear regression, random forest, support vector regression) and qualitative (C5.0, k-NN, multinomial logistic regression, naïve Bayes, random forest, support vector machine) soil information separately at a regional level. The soil information, including the quantitative (pH, OC, and CEC) and qualitative (order, suborder, and great group) attributes, were extracted from the legacy soil maps using stratified random sampling procedures...
Agronomy
Accurate and consistent information on the area and production of field crops is vital for nation... more Accurate and consistent information on the area and production of field crops is vital for national and state planning and ensuring food security in India. Satellite-based remote sensing offers a suitable and cost-effective technique for regional- and national-scale crop monitoring. The use of remote sensing data for crop yield estimation has been demonstrated using a semi-physical approach with reasonable success. Assimilating remote sensing data with the DSSAT model and spectral indices-based regression analysis are promising methods for spatially estimating rice crop yields. Rice area and yield in the Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India was estimated during samba (August–January) season in the years 2020–2021 using Sentinel 1A Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite data with three different spatial yield estimation methods, namely a spectral indices-based regression analysis, semi-physical approach, and integrating remote products with DSSAT crop growth model. A rice area map was...
Agriculture
Smart farming is a development that has emphasized information and communication technology used ... more Smart farming is a development that has emphasized information and communication technology used in machinery, equipment, and sensors in network-based hi-tech farm supervision cycles. Innovative technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing are anticipated to inspire growth and initiate the use of robots and artificial intelligence in farming. Such ground-breaking deviations are unsettling current agriculture approaches, while also presenting a range of challenges. This paper investigates the tools and equipment used in applications of wireless sensors in IoT agriculture, and the anticipated challenges faced when merging technology with conventional farming activities. Furthermore, this technical knowledge is helpful to growers during crop periods from sowing to harvest; and applications in both packing and transport are also investigated.
Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 2022
In most part of the world the information on the thematic soil maps (soil erosion, soil degradati... more In most part of the world the information on the thematic soil maps (soil erosion, soil degradation, soil organic matter content etc.) are developed as a tool for policy and management support. This information are typically derived through expert interpretation or empirical modeling approaches using typically decades old soil information originating from field investigation, laboratory analysis, reports etc. In recent period, there is a strong emphasis to update the existing soil information in a cost-effective and accurate manner. The advancements in the emerging Geographical Information System (GIS) and digital soil mapping techniques are found to be handy to derive tools addressing the above mentioned problem. In this study, we propose a novel innovative approach to address the issues on evaluating the traditional soil maps and updating the existing soil information based on the principles of digital soil mapping i.e. deriving objective soil information by reformulating the rela...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
Rice is the major food crop in the world and it is the staple food for over 2.7 billion people. I... more Rice is the major food crop in the world and it is the staple food for over 2.7 billion people. India have 44.6 m ha area in rice with 80 million tonnes of total cultivation. The Cauvery delta region has the maximum rice cultivated area than any other crops. Estimation of the rice area spatially will ensure the transfer of technologies and better policy decisions to sustain productions at various levels. Crop discrimination is the most important step for agricultural monitoring systems. With the latest advances in the remote sensing technologies, precise information on Crop area, Crop yield, Health, Damages and losses can be provided.
Madras Agricultural Journal
Journal of Applied and Natural Science, Sep 18, 2023
The effect of spray volume on weed control in transplanted rice ecosystems using the Unmanned aer... more The effect of spray volume on weed control in transplanted rice ecosystems using the Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs to be better understood for management in the advancements of UAV-based spraying technology. The present study aimed to find out the influence of varied spray volumes of 15 L/ha, 20 L/ha and 25 L/ha using the UAV and 500 L/ha using a Knapsack sprayer (KS) to compare the weed density, weed dry matter and weed control efficiency and yield in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pre-emergence (PE) application of Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl at 25 g a.i./ha at three days after transplanting (DAT) and postemergence (PoE) application of Bis-pyribac sodium at 25 g a.i./ha at 25 DAT were used as herbicide treatments. The results revealed that varied spray volumes significantly influenced the weed density, dry matter, and weed control efficiency of the UAV and KS. Application of herbicides using KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha) had better control on the weeds by reducing weed density and dry matter at 20, 40, and 60 DAT, with no significant difference. Higher grain yield and straw yield were recorded in KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha), with no significant difference. However, applying 25 L/ha had better weed control efficiency and higher yield, possibly due to optimum deposition. Considering the low volume application of UAV (25 L/ha) as compared with KS (500 L/ha), it is better to go for the optimal application of 25 L/ha, which is an energy-efficient and cost-effective, laboursaving approach compared to KS.
Agriculture, Mar 19, 2024
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science
In modern crop production, essential factors that contribute to narrowing yield gaps and minimizi... more In modern crop production, essential factors that contribute to narrowing yield gaps and minimizing production costs include making informed decisions about the selection of plant varieties, determining optimal sowing dates, determining appropriate plant populations, selecting suitable fertilizer rates, and implementing effective pest control methods. Two field experiments were conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2021 and 2022 at ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur using split-plot experimental design, where the main plots were three different sowing dates (20-25th October, November 10-15th, and 25th November-5th December), and the sub-plots were four chickpea cultivars (JG 16, RVG 202, IPC-07-66, and IPC-05-62), each with three replications. The genetic coefficients of the cultivars were estimated using both the iterative process (IP) and Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) methods in DSSAT v 4.7 to simulate the yields. Upon model validation, i...
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2019
A research study was conducted during Rabi 2016 (Samba season) to estimate rice area using SAR da... more A research study was conducted during Rabi 2016 (Samba season) to estimate rice area using SAR data in Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu. Multi temporal Sentinel 1A satellite data with VV and VH polarization at 20 m spatial resolution was acquired between September 2016 and January 2017 at 12 days interval and processed using rule-based Parameterized classification in MAPscape-RICE software. Continuous monitoring for crop parameters and validation exercise was done for accuracy assessment. Spectral dB curve of rice was generated and the dB values ranged from-12.76 to-9.95 for VV and from-19.25 to-15.15 for VH polarization with an average primary variation of 1.3 and 2.5 dB respectively. Start of Season (SOS) map was derived from satellite data showing rice emergence dates for the cropping season. A total rice area of 106773 ha was estimated in Tiruvarur district using VV polarization with an overall accuracy of 79.5% and 0.59 kappa index, while in VH polarization, the rice area was estimated to be 91007 ha with 82.1% over all accuracy and 0.64 kappa index. The lesser accuracy in VV polarization was due to underestimate of direct seeded rice area and in VH polarization, it was due to underestimate in Transplanted rice area. The VV and VH rice area maps were then integrated to derive a VV-VH rice area map in MAPscape-RICE software and it recorded a total rice area of 124551 ha with an accuracy of 91.5% and 0.83-kappa index .
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
Crop cover mapping is an essential tool for controlling and enhancing agricultural productivity. ... more Crop cover mapping is an essential tool for controlling and enhancing agricultural productivity. By determining the spatial distribution of different crop types, solidified judgements regarding crop planning, crop management, and risk management can be made. Crop cover classification using optical data pose constraints in terms of spatial and spectral resolution. With Sentinel – 2 data providing the ground information at 10m resolution, users may choose the best spectral band combinations and temporal frame by analysing the spectral-temporal information of different crops. The crop categorization map for the Kallakurichi and Villupuram districts were created in this study using the Random Forest (RF) and Decision tree (C5.0) classifiers. The study mainly focuses on comparing the classification accuracy of two classifiers and figuring out the best classifiers for crop cover mapping with respect to the study area. The ground truth information collected, were partitioned into calibrati...
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
A study was conducted to examinethe impact of parent materials and land use on soil physical and ... more A study was conducted to examinethe impact of parent materials and land use on soil physical and chemical properties in soils of Tamil Nadu. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of parent materials and land use systems on soil properties. 15 parent materials(Lime, Marl shell, Sandstone with clay interaction, Granite (Gr2), Fuchsite quartzite, Fissile hornblende biotite gneiss, Limestone and Calcareous Shale, Sand/Clay admixture, Teri sand, Sand (Medium), Sand (Grey Brown Medium), Amphibolite, Gabbro, Hornblende biotite gneiss, Chamockite and Sandy Clay) and their respective major land use were selected for the study. In each land use type per parent material, six composite soil samples were collected from the representative location within the land use types at 0 - 30 cm soil depth and all soil samples were generated for laboratory analysis. Results showed that among the parent materials, Sandy clay had the highest silt + clay fractions, Sandy/Clay admixture had the highe...
Agronomy
Crop yield data are critical for managing agricultural sustainability and assessing national food... more Crop yield data are critical for managing agricultural sustainability and assessing national food security. This study aims at increasing peanut productivity from its current levels by analyzing the yield gap (difference) of potential production between theoretical yield and actual farmers’ yields. The spatial yield gap of peanut for the Tiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu is examined in this investigation by integrating the products of microwave remote sensing (SAR Sentinel-1A) with the DSSAT CROPGRO Peanut simulation model. The CROPGRO (crop growth) Peanut model was calibrated and validated by conducting a field experiment at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam during Rabi (spring) 2019 for predominant cultivars, i.e., TMV 7, TMV 13, VRI 2 and G 7. Actual attainable yield was recorded by organizing crop cutting experiments (CCEs) with the help of the Department of Agriculture Economics and Statistics in the respective monitoring villages. The regression analysis between the ma...
Crop yield data is critical for managing sustainable agriculture and assessing national food secu... more Crop yield data is critical for managing sustainable agriculture and assessing national food security. Current study aims to increase Peanut productivity from current levels by analyzing the yield gap of production potential between theoretical yield and actual farmers’ yields. The spatial yield gap of Peanut for Thiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu is examined in this paper by integrating the products of microwave remote sensing (SAR Sentinel-1A) with DSSAT CROPGRO peanut simulation model. CROPGRO Peanut model was calibrated and validated by conducting field experiment at Oilseeds Research Station, Tindivanam during Rabi 2019 for predominant cultivars viz. TMV 7, TMV 13, VRI 2 and G 7. Actual attainable yield was recorded by organizing CCE with help of Department of Agriculture Economics and Statistics in the respective monitoring Villages. Regression analysis between maximum recorded DSSAT Leaf Area Index (LAI) at peak flowering stage of peanut and yield recorded by Crop Cutting...
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
A research study was carried out for mapping mango plantation from LISS IV data in the major bloc... more A research study was carried out for mapping mango plantation from LISS IV data in the major blocks of Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu where there is substantial production of Mango. A very high-resolution satellite data namely LISS IV was acquired and processed with GIS tools. Ground truth data gathered during the survey were utilized to identify significant dB values for mango plantations, which were then used to classify the mango pixels in the study region using supervised classification technique. The Mango area in major blocks of Krishnagiri district was found to be 9077.9 ha during the year 2023. Accuracy assessment and cross validation was done using confusion matrix with the ground truth points collected. The classification resulted with an overall accuracy of 91.2 per cent with a kappa score of 0.62.
Water
The prevalence of the frequent water stress conditions at present was found to be more frequent d... more The prevalence of the frequent water stress conditions at present was found to be more frequent due to increased weather anomalies and climate change scenarios, among other reasons. Periodic drought assessment and subsequent management are essential in effectively utilizing and managing water resources. For effective drought monitoring/assessment, satellite-based precipitation products offer more reliable rainfall estimates with higher accuracy and spatial coverage than conventional rain gauge data. The present study on satellite-based drought monitoring and reliability evaluation was conducted using four high-resolution precipitation products, i.e., IMERGH, TRMM, CHIRPS, and PERSIANN, during the northeast monsoon season of 2015, 2016, and 2017 in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. These four precipitation products were evaluated for accuracy and confidence level by assessing the meteorological drought using standard precipitation index (SPI) and by comparing the results with automatic...
Land
The soil–environmental relationship identified and standardised over the years has expedited the ... more The soil–environmental relationship identified and standardised over the years has expedited the growth of digital soil-mapping techniques; hence, various machine learning algorithms are involved in predicting soil attributes. Therefore, comparing the different machine learning algorithms is essential to provide insights into the performance of the different algorithms in predicting soil information for Indian landscapes. In this study, we compared a suite of six machine learning algorithms to predict quantitative (Cubist, decision tree, k-NN, multiple linear regression, random forest, support vector regression) and qualitative (C5.0, k-NN, multinomial logistic regression, naïve Bayes, random forest, support vector machine) soil information separately at a regional level. The soil information, including the quantitative (pH, OC, and CEC) and qualitative (order, suborder, and great group) attributes, were extracted from the legacy soil maps using stratified random sampling procedures...
Agronomy
Accurate and consistent information on the area and production of field crops is vital for nation... more Accurate and consistent information on the area and production of field crops is vital for national and state planning and ensuring food security in India. Satellite-based remote sensing offers a suitable and cost-effective technique for regional- and national-scale crop monitoring. The use of remote sensing data for crop yield estimation has been demonstrated using a semi-physical approach with reasonable success. Assimilating remote sensing data with the DSSAT model and spectral indices-based regression analysis are promising methods for spatially estimating rice crop yields. Rice area and yield in the Cauvery delta zone of Tamil Nadu, India was estimated during samba (August–January) season in the years 2020–2021 using Sentinel 1A Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite data with three different spatial yield estimation methods, namely a spectral indices-based regression analysis, semi-physical approach, and integrating remote products with DSSAT crop growth model. A rice area map was...
Agriculture
Smart farming is a development that has emphasized information and communication technology used ... more Smart farming is a development that has emphasized information and communication technology used in machinery, equipment, and sensors in network-based hi-tech farm supervision cycles. Innovative technologies, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing are anticipated to inspire growth and initiate the use of robots and artificial intelligence in farming. Such ground-breaking deviations are unsettling current agriculture approaches, while also presenting a range of challenges. This paper investigates the tools and equipment used in applications of wireless sensors in IoT agriculture, and the anticipated challenges faced when merging technology with conventional farming activities. Furthermore, this technical knowledge is helpful to growers during crop periods from sowing to harvest; and applications in both packing and transport are also investigated.
Ecology, Environment and Conservation, 2022
In most part of the world the information on the thematic soil maps (soil erosion, soil degradati... more In most part of the world the information on the thematic soil maps (soil erosion, soil degradation, soil organic matter content etc.) are developed as a tool for policy and management support. This information are typically derived through expert interpretation or empirical modeling approaches using typically decades old soil information originating from field investigation, laboratory analysis, reports etc. In recent period, there is a strong emphasis to update the existing soil information in a cost-effective and accurate manner. The advancements in the emerging Geographical Information System (GIS) and digital soil mapping techniques are found to be handy to derive tools addressing the above mentioned problem. In this study, we propose a novel innovative approach to address the issues on evaluating the traditional soil maps and updating the existing soil information based on the principles of digital soil mapping i.e. deriving objective soil information by reformulating the rela...
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences
Rice is the major food crop in the world and it is the staple food for over 2.7 billion people. I... more Rice is the major food crop in the world and it is the staple food for over 2.7 billion people. India have 44.6 m ha area in rice with 80 million tonnes of total cultivation. The Cauvery delta region has the maximum rice cultivated area than any other crops. Estimation of the rice area spatially will ensure the transfer of technologies and better policy decisions to sustain productions at various levels. Crop discrimination is the most important step for agricultural monitoring systems. With the latest advances in the remote sensing technologies, precise information on Crop area, Crop yield, Health, Damages and losses can be provided.
Madras Agricultural Journal