Rahul Kaushik - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rahul Kaushik

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)

Background: Snow mountain garlic (SMG) is also known as Kashmiri garlic and ek pothi lahsun is he... more Background: Snow mountain garlic (SMG) is also known as Kashmiri garlic and ek pothi lahsun is herb which grows in high altitude and in low temperature conditions. It has shown beneficial effects in breathing discomforts like common cold, Asthma, flu also refines the blood circulation Various standardization parameters have been recorded in this study. Objectives: The present study focuses on standardization of SMG. Materials and Methods: The standardization parameter follow WHO Guidelines of herbal drugs. Standardization parameter like macroscopic characters, extractive value (hot extraction), ash value (total ash, acid insoluble ash and water-soluble ash), bitterness value, swelling Index, phytochemical screening have been studied. Results: The pharmacognostic studies shows that SMG is semi obtuse in shape and have pale brown outer covering and inner colour is white with little sticky latex. It has characteristic odour and slight astringent taste. The physiochemical analysis shows...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY

Moringa oleifera Lam. or munga is one of the most important plants widely cultivated in India. It... more Moringa oleifera Lam. or munga is one of the most important plants widely cultivated in India. It belongs to family Moringaceae. It is a popular Indian medicinal plant, has long been used commonly in Ayurvedic system of medicine. M. oleifera is rich in various active phyto-constituents (tannins, sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and vitamins) in addition to different minerals in its leaves and seeds. The plant has been found to exhibit diverse number of pharmacological activities such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticancer, antioxidant, nootropic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, anti-ulcer, cardiovascular, anti-obesity, antiepileptic, anti-asthmatic, antidiabetic, anti-urolithiatic, diuretic, local anaesthetic, anti-allergic, anthelmintic, wound healing, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antidiarrheal properties. The present paper gives an account of updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities. ...

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2018

Sarasvata churna is an Ayurvedic formulation prescribed for Epilepsy and other brain-related diso... more Sarasvata churna is an Ayurvedic formulation prescribed for Epilepsy and other brain-related disorders. The objective of this study is to explore bioactive principles present in Sarasvata churna using GCMS and HPTLC techniques and establishing their correlation in Epilepsy treatment. The volatile oil obtained by hydrodistillation was used for the GCMS analysis and methanolic extracts were used for HPTLC studies. HPTLC fingerprints for the formulation and method for simultaneous qualitative analysis of biomarkers in the formulation was developed using HPTLC. The GCMS report shows the presence of α-Pinene, Propanal, 2-Caren-10-al, 3-Caren-10-al, Caryophyllene, Epiglobulol, Asarones, α-selinene, α-sesquiphellandrene, o-cymene, copaene etc. HPTLC fingerprints for methanolic extracts of Sarasvata churna was established with good separation and resolution in solvent system Toluene:Ethylacetate: Methanol (7.5:2.5:0.5 v/v/v). The HPTLC method for simultaneous analysis of marker compounds in the formulation was developed in solvent system Ethylacetate:Glycial acetic acid:Toluene:Water (4:1:1:0.5 v/v/v/v) with Rf 0.77 for Piperine, 0.07 for Bacosides and Rf 0.57 for Withnolides in the reference compounds and methanolic extracts of Sarasvata churna. Chromatographic patterns of reference compounds were easily detectable in the tracks of Sarasvata churna methanolic extracts. The chromatographic standards obtained from this study will help in chemical standardization of Sarasvata churna and enhance the use Sarasvata churna for management of Epilepsy.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER), 2020

In a couple of decades, there has been exponential development in the field of homegrown medicati... more In a couple of decades, there has been exponential development in the field of homegrown medications. The greater part of the conventional arrangement of herbal medication is viable; however, they need standardization. So there is a need to build up a procedure standardization. Standardization of natural medicine is fundamental so as to evaluate the quality, purity, efficacy and safety of the herbal medications. Homegrown medications are the well-known type of customary medication and the high universal requests because of their simplicity of accessibility, there lesser reactions. These homegrown details are the property or information on the mature ages of each home. Homegrown medications additionally have an enormous holistic accepts ex. Holi tulsi plant. It is important to build up basic procedures to the standardization of related natural medications. The present investigation standardization of Triphala Churna significantly centered around that region under WHO guidelines. This...

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 2017

Background: Acorus calamus is used in Ayurvedic System of Medicine as Medhya rasayana and prescri... more Background: Acorus calamus is used in Ayurvedic System of Medicine as Medhya rasayana and prescribed as an aphrodisiac and nerve tonic since ancient times. Methanolic extract of Allium cepa (AC) bulbs was reported to possess anti-oxidant activity. Objective: In this study we evaluated antiepileptic activity of chloroform extract containing β-Asarone (CBA) alone in varying doses and its combinations with varying doses of methanolic extract of Allium cepa bulbs (MAC) in Isoniazid induced seizure model in mice. Method: Isoniazid (INH, 150mg/kg) induced seizure model was used to study antiepileptic effects in mice. The mice were administered the test (CBA1, CBA2, CBA3, CBAC1, CBAC2 and CBAC3 and standard drug (Sodium valproate) 1hr before inducing seizures. The animals were observed for 2 hrs for onset of seizures and death. Results: Study has shown that CBA at a dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg offered 50%, 83.33% and 100% protection against death respectively whereas CBAC, the combinations of CBA (50mg/kg) with 100, 200 and 300mg/kg dose of MAC shows 66.67%, 100% and 100% protection of animals against death respectively prolonging the mean time for onset of seizures and reducing the severity of seizures as compared to CBA (50mg/kg) alone. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Allium cepa ameloriated the anticonvulsant activity of chloroform extract containing β-Asarone and also reduced the severity of seizure episodes at all doses. The combined therapy of β-Asarone and Allium cepa can prove to be an alternative to synthetic antiepileptic drugs.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER), 2020

Introduction: Mahamrutyunjaya rasa is a herbomineral ayurvedic formulation used for various indic... more Introduction: Mahamrutyunjaya rasa is a herbomineral ayurvedic formulation used for various indications like fever, pain, cardiac arrhythmia, etc. It contains Solanum indicum as one of the ingredients having anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and diaphoretic properties. Solanine is one of the active biomarkers for Solanum indicum. The therapeutic window of Solanine is very narrow, with the LD50 value of 3-6 mg/kg body weight in humans. Objective: Estimation of such biomarkers is very significant to avoid any adverse events due to the administration of ayurvedic preparations containing Solanine. In the present study, two simple, sensitive, reliable chromatographic techniques have been developed and validated for the estimation of Solanine in Mahamrutyunjaya rasa. Materials and Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of Solanine was performed on an reversed phase C-18 column (250 mm 9 4.6 mm ID, 5 lm particle size), with isocratic elution using a mixture of Tris bu...

According to the Ayurveda plants are have so many constituent which may be used for the treatment... more According to the Ayurveda plants are have so many constituent which may be used for the treatment of so many diseases. Herbal drugs are easily available and have fewer side effects. So many of the people are attracted towards the herbal plant drugs. Fenugreek is easily available in our kitchen and use as a drugs from oldest time. Fenugreek was used to ease childbirth and to increase milk flow. Today, it is still taken by Egyptian women for menstrual pain and as hilba tea to ease stomach problems of tourists. They contain mucilage, sugars, an alkaloid- trigonellin , which is not poisonous- cholin and a scented compound. Medicinal Action and Uses of Fenugreek like Allergies, Appetite/loss of Catarrh/bronchial, Cholesterol/high, Diabetic Retinopathy, Gas, Gastric Disorders, Lung Infections, Mucus Excessive, Throat/sore, Abscesses, Anemia, Asthma, Boils, Body Odour , Bronchitis, cancer, Eyes/swollen, Fevers, Gallbladder Problems, Heartburn, Inflammation, Sinus Problems, Ulcers, Uterine ...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021

Herbal digestive tablets are meant for treating indigestion problems. The indigestion problem is ... more Herbal digestive tablets are meant for treating indigestion problems. The indigestion problem is one of the major problems of all (the) ages of human beings. As trends for eating fast foods is increasing, simultaneously the improper digestion also tends to increase. There are a number of digestive tablets in the market but in attempt to improve their taste the actual motto behind their use is masked. To combat the indigestion problems, in the present study an attempt has been made to formulate, develop and evaluate herbal digestive tablets. The formula of the digestive tablet has been decided after deep review of Ayurvedic formulary of India. The ingredients of this formulation have been procured from authentic sources. The wet granulation method was used to prepare the granules for punching the tablets. After preparation, the herbal digestive tablets were subjected to various pharmaceutical evaluations and quality control evaluations as per the guidelines from World Health Organiza...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER), 2020

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorder of the brain that affects around 1-2% of the... more Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorder of the brain that affects around 1-2% of the population across the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy is characterized by periodically spontaneous seizures, which are usually due to excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells. The earlier day electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are useful tool for detection of epileptic seizures.Epileptogenesis is a slow process. After several months of initial insult, spontaneous recurrent seizures begin to appear. Epilepsy is considered to be resolved for individuals who are seizure-free for the last 10 years, with no seizure medicines for the last 5 years. Currently, used drugs available for treating epilepsy have draw backs like Epileptogenesis and other dose-related side effects. In spite of daily treatment, nearly 30% of patients continue to have convulsions and fail to provide a complete cure. Hence, there is a need for another alternative option ...

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2018

Introduction: Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by hypersecretion of exci... more Introduction: Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by hypersecretion of excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain. Level of antioxidant enzymes in the brain changes during seizure. There are many herbal supplements that posses antioxidant potential and might help in prevention and recovery of seizures when used as an adjunct with modern antiepileptic drugs. Objective: The present work was undertaken to evaluate the Ameliorative effect of Sodium valproate in combination with Juglans regia extract against Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in mice. Materials and Methods: Juglans regia ethanolic extract (JREE) were administered at doses of (200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o) and Sodium Valproate (500mg/kg p.o.) one hour before the administration of PTZ (80mg/kg i.p.). Result and Discussion: Administration of JREE in the low and high dose prolongs the onset of myoclonic jerks dose-dependently and also showed protection against PTZ-induced convulsions. PTZ induced...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2018

Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb. or Kadamb, a huge evergreen tree with large leaves and beautiful ball... more Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb. or Kadamb, a huge evergreen tree with large leaves and beautiful ball shaped fruits is commonly found in India. The leaves, fruits and bark of Kadamb posses significant pharmacological properties due to presence of variety of chemical constituents in them. The present study is aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physiochemical and phytochemical parameters for Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb. leaves as per the WHO guidelines for herbal drug standardization. WHO emphasized the use of standardized herbs and formulations for safety and best therapeutic results. Pharmacognostical studies shows that the leaves of Kadamb are green to pale yellow, odourless with a bitter and acrid taste. The simple, ovate-elliptical, petiolated leaf sized between 15-50cm in length and upto 26cm width with glossy upper surface, undulated margin and pinnate venation. The powder microscopy shows the presence of aboundant multicellular trichomes, phloem fibres, scleriform xylem vessels, epidermal cells, cork cells and parenchymatous tissues. Physiochemical analysis shows variable extractive values in different solvents with maximum extractives of 19.40±0.011% in petroleum ether. Total Ash value of 8.33±0.015%, Acid Insoluble Ash- 2.25±0.005% and Water Soluble Ash- 1.25±0.01%, Foreign Matter- 2.33±0.12%, Moisture content of 8.12±0.01%, Bitterness value-1.6, Swelling Index-2.17±0.01 and Foaming Index- 166.67. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf powder of Anthocephalus cadamba shows the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins and phenolics. The botanical, physical and chemical parameters obtained in this study can be used for establishing the identity and purity of the drug that will lead to safety and efficacy of the herb.

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2012

Acorus calamus Linn. (Araceae) is a semi-aquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes... more Acorus calamus Linn. (Araceae) is a semi-aquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes, arching tapered reed-like leaves and minute yellow-green flowers growing wild in wet areas like edges of streams and around ponds & lakes, in ditches and seeps and also cultivated. It is widely distributed throughout India and Ceylon, ascending the Himalayas up to 6600 feet in Sikkim, plentiful in the marshy tracts of Kashmir, Sirmoor, M anipur and Naga Hills. The rhizomes are considered to possess anti-spasmodic, carminative and anthelmintic, aromatic, expectorant, nervine, sedative, stimulant and nauseating properties. M edicinally used for the treatment of epilepsy, mental ailments, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh, intermittent fevers and glandular and abdominal tumors. The current study was therefore carried out to identify requisite pharmacognostical details i.e. organoleptic, microscopical, fluorescence analysis, quantitative microscopy and physical constants such as ash value and extractive values of the fruit. The extacts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The study revealed specific indices for the particular crude drug which will be useful in identification, control on adulterations of the crude drug and preparation of a monograph of the drug.

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 2017

Introduction: Acorus calamus is being used in Ayurveda as Medhya Rasayana to enhance mental abili... more Introduction: Acorus calamus is being used in Ayurveda as Medhya Rasayana to enhance mental ability and used in treatment of various brain related disorders. Objective: Extraction of volatile oil from Acorus calamus rhizomes and Isolation of β-Asarone from it and anticonvulsant activity of volatile oil in mice using MES and PTZ models. Method: The volatile (calamus) oil was extracted using hydro steam distillation. Calamus oil was subjected to column chromatography using Silica gel in glass column for isolation of β-Asarone. Calamus oil was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity at 30, 100 and 300mg/kg dose using MES, scPTZ, minimum clonic seizure (at 6 Hz.) model and Rotarod test was used to determine the neurotoxicity of volatile oil. Results: β-Asarone was isolated and confirmed by structure elucidation using 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, IRS, UVS and Mass spectroscopy. Calamus oil was found to be inactive in preliminary screening at all dose levels but has shown neurotoxicity at 300 mg/kg. Although, volatile oil was found to be active in minimal clonic seizure test at 6 Hz. At 100 mg/kg, it displayed protection even up to 4.0hr indicating longer duration of action. ED 50 (48.13 mg/kg) and TD 50 (224.13 mg/kg) of volatile oil at 6 Hz in mice also determined at 95% C.I. Protective index(PI) value of volatile oil was found to be 4.65. The experimental results were compared with the standard drug Phenytoin (30 mg/kg). Conclusion: The calamus oil has shown a protective index that can be compared with Phenytoin and can be used as an alternate of synthetic antiepileptic drugs.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER)

Background: Snow mountain garlic (SMG) is also known as Kashmiri garlic and ek pothi lahsun is he... more Background: Snow mountain garlic (SMG) is also known as Kashmiri garlic and ek pothi lahsun is herb which grows in high altitude and in low temperature conditions. It has shown beneficial effects in breathing discomforts like common cold, Asthma, flu also refines the blood circulation Various standardization parameters have been recorded in this study. Objectives: The present study focuses on standardization of SMG. Materials and Methods: The standardization parameter follow WHO Guidelines of herbal drugs. Standardization parameter like macroscopic characters, extractive value (hot extraction), ash value (total ash, acid insoluble ash and water-soluble ash), bitterness value, swelling Index, phytochemical screening have been studied. Results: The pharmacognostic studies shows that SMG is semi obtuse in shape and have pale brown outer covering and inner colour is white with little sticky latex. It has characteristic odour and slight astringent taste. The physiochemical analysis shows...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY

Moringa oleifera Lam. or munga is one of the most important plants widely cultivated in India. It... more Moringa oleifera Lam. or munga is one of the most important plants widely cultivated in India. It belongs to family Moringaceae. It is a popular Indian medicinal plant, has long been used commonly in Ayurvedic system of medicine. M. oleifera is rich in various active phyto-constituents (tannins, sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, and vitamins) in addition to different minerals in its leaves and seeds. The plant has been found to exhibit diverse number of pharmacological activities such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticancer, antioxidant, nootropic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, anti-ulcer, cardiovascular, anti-obesity, antiepileptic, anti-asthmatic, antidiabetic, anti-urolithiatic, diuretic, local anaesthetic, anti-allergic, anthelmintic, wound healing, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antidiarrheal properties. The present paper gives an account of updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities. ...

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2018

Sarasvata churna is an Ayurvedic formulation prescribed for Epilepsy and other brain-related diso... more Sarasvata churna is an Ayurvedic formulation prescribed for Epilepsy and other brain-related disorders. The objective of this study is to explore bioactive principles present in Sarasvata churna using GCMS and HPTLC techniques and establishing their correlation in Epilepsy treatment. The volatile oil obtained by hydrodistillation was used for the GCMS analysis and methanolic extracts were used for HPTLC studies. HPTLC fingerprints for the formulation and method for simultaneous qualitative analysis of biomarkers in the formulation was developed using HPTLC. The GCMS report shows the presence of α-Pinene, Propanal, 2-Caren-10-al, 3-Caren-10-al, Caryophyllene, Epiglobulol, Asarones, α-selinene, α-sesquiphellandrene, o-cymene, copaene etc. HPTLC fingerprints for methanolic extracts of Sarasvata churna was established with good separation and resolution in solvent system Toluene:Ethylacetate: Methanol (7.5:2.5:0.5 v/v/v). The HPTLC method for simultaneous analysis of marker compounds in the formulation was developed in solvent system Ethylacetate:Glycial acetic acid:Toluene:Water (4:1:1:0.5 v/v/v/v) with Rf 0.77 for Piperine, 0.07 for Bacosides and Rf 0.57 for Withnolides in the reference compounds and methanolic extracts of Sarasvata churna. Chromatographic patterns of reference compounds were easily detectable in the tracks of Sarasvata churna methanolic extracts. The chromatographic standards obtained from this study will help in chemical standardization of Sarasvata churna and enhance the use Sarasvata churna for management of Epilepsy.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER), 2020

In a couple of decades, there has been exponential development in the field of homegrown medicati... more In a couple of decades, there has been exponential development in the field of homegrown medications. The greater part of the conventional arrangement of herbal medication is viable; however, they need standardization. So there is a need to build up a procedure standardization. Standardization of natural medicine is fundamental so as to evaluate the quality, purity, efficacy and safety of the herbal medications. Homegrown medications are the well-known type of customary medication and the high universal requests because of their simplicity of accessibility, there lesser reactions. These homegrown details are the property or information on the mature ages of each home. Homegrown medications additionally have an enormous holistic accepts ex. Holi tulsi plant. It is important to build up basic procedures to the standardization of related natural medications. The present investigation standardization of Triphala Churna significantly centered around that region under WHO guidelines. This...

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 2017

Background: Acorus calamus is used in Ayurvedic System of Medicine as Medhya rasayana and prescri... more Background: Acorus calamus is used in Ayurvedic System of Medicine as Medhya rasayana and prescribed as an aphrodisiac and nerve tonic since ancient times. Methanolic extract of Allium cepa (AC) bulbs was reported to possess anti-oxidant activity. Objective: In this study we evaluated antiepileptic activity of chloroform extract containing β-Asarone (CBA) alone in varying doses and its combinations with varying doses of methanolic extract of Allium cepa bulbs (MAC) in Isoniazid induced seizure model in mice. Method: Isoniazid (INH, 150mg/kg) induced seizure model was used to study antiepileptic effects in mice. The mice were administered the test (CBA1, CBA2, CBA3, CBAC1, CBAC2 and CBAC3 and standard drug (Sodium valproate) 1hr before inducing seizures. The animals were observed for 2 hrs for onset of seizures and death. Results: Study has shown that CBA at a dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg offered 50%, 83.33% and 100% protection against death respectively whereas CBAC, the combinations of CBA (50mg/kg) with 100, 200 and 300mg/kg dose of MAC shows 66.67%, 100% and 100% protection of animals against death respectively prolonging the mean time for onset of seizures and reducing the severity of seizures as compared to CBA (50mg/kg) alone. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Allium cepa ameloriated the anticonvulsant activity of chloroform extract containing β-Asarone and also reduced the severity of seizure episodes at all doses. The combined therapy of β-Asarone and Allium cepa can prove to be an alternative to synthetic antiepileptic drugs.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER), 2020

Introduction: Mahamrutyunjaya rasa is a herbomineral ayurvedic formulation used for various indic... more Introduction: Mahamrutyunjaya rasa is a herbomineral ayurvedic formulation used for various indications like fever, pain, cardiac arrhythmia, etc. It contains Solanum indicum as one of the ingredients having anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and diaphoretic properties. Solanine is one of the active biomarkers for Solanum indicum. The therapeutic window of Solanine is very narrow, with the LD50 value of 3-6 mg/kg body weight in humans. Objective: Estimation of such biomarkers is very significant to avoid any adverse events due to the administration of ayurvedic preparations containing Solanine. In the present study, two simple, sensitive, reliable chromatographic techniques have been developed and validated for the estimation of Solanine in Mahamrutyunjaya rasa. Materials and Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of Solanine was performed on an reversed phase C-18 column (250 mm 9 4.6 mm ID, 5 lm particle size), with isocratic elution using a mixture of Tris bu...

According to the Ayurveda plants are have so many constituent which may be used for the treatment... more According to the Ayurveda plants are have so many constituent which may be used for the treatment of so many diseases. Herbal drugs are easily available and have fewer side effects. So many of the people are attracted towards the herbal plant drugs. Fenugreek is easily available in our kitchen and use as a drugs from oldest time. Fenugreek was used to ease childbirth and to increase milk flow. Today, it is still taken by Egyptian women for menstrual pain and as hilba tea to ease stomach problems of tourists. They contain mucilage, sugars, an alkaloid- trigonellin , which is not poisonous- cholin and a scented compound. Medicinal Action and Uses of Fenugreek like Allergies, Appetite/loss of Catarrh/bronchial, Cholesterol/high, Diabetic Retinopathy, Gas, Gastric Disorders, Lung Infections, Mucus Excessive, Throat/sore, Abscesses, Anemia, Asthma, Boils, Body Odour , Bronchitis, cancer, Eyes/swollen, Fevers, Gallbladder Problems, Heartburn, Inflammation, Sinus Problems, Ulcers, Uterine ...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021

Herbal digestive tablets are meant for treating indigestion problems. The indigestion problem is ... more Herbal digestive tablets are meant for treating indigestion problems. The indigestion problem is one of the major problems of all (the) ages of human beings. As trends for eating fast foods is increasing, simultaneously the improper digestion also tends to increase. There are a number of digestive tablets in the market but in attempt to improve their taste the actual motto behind their use is masked. To combat the indigestion problems, in the present study an attempt has been made to formulate, develop and evaluate herbal digestive tablets. The formula of the digestive tablet has been decided after deep review of Ayurvedic formulary of India. The ingredients of this formulation have been procured from authentic sources. The wet granulation method was used to prepare the granules for punching the tablets. After preparation, the herbal digestive tablets were subjected to various pharmaceutical evaluations and quality control evaluations as per the guidelines from World Health Organiza...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (IJPER), 2020

Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorder of the brain that affects around 1-2% of the... more Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorder of the brain that affects around 1-2% of the population across the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), epilepsy is characterized by periodically spontaneous seizures, which are usually due to excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells. The earlier day electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are useful tool for detection of epileptic seizures.Epileptogenesis is a slow process. After several months of initial insult, spontaneous recurrent seizures begin to appear. Epilepsy is considered to be resolved for individuals who are seizure-free for the last 10 years, with no seizure medicines for the last 5 years. Currently, used drugs available for treating epilepsy have draw backs like Epileptogenesis and other dose-related side effects. In spite of daily treatment, nearly 30% of patients continue to have convulsions and fail to provide a complete cure. Hence, there is a need for another alternative option ...

Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 2018

Introduction: Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by hypersecretion of exci... more Introduction: Epilepsy is a complex neurological disorder characterized by hypersecretion of excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain. Level of antioxidant enzymes in the brain changes during seizure. There are many herbal supplements that posses antioxidant potential and might help in prevention and recovery of seizures when used as an adjunct with modern antiepileptic drugs. Objective: The present work was undertaken to evaluate the Ameliorative effect of Sodium valproate in combination with Juglans regia extract against Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions in mice. Materials and Methods: Juglans regia ethanolic extract (JREE) were administered at doses of (200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o) and Sodium Valproate (500mg/kg p.o.) one hour before the administration of PTZ (80mg/kg i.p.). Result and Discussion: Administration of JREE in the low and high dose prolongs the onset of myoclonic jerks dose-dependently and also showed protection against PTZ-induced convulsions. PTZ induced...

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2018

Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb. or Kadamb, a huge evergreen tree with large leaves and beautiful ball... more Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb. or Kadamb, a huge evergreen tree with large leaves and beautiful ball shaped fruits is commonly found in India. The leaves, fruits and bark of Kadamb posses significant pharmacological properties due to presence of variety of chemical constituents in them. The present study is aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physiochemical and phytochemical parameters for Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb. leaves as per the WHO guidelines for herbal drug standardization. WHO emphasized the use of standardized herbs and formulations for safety and best therapeutic results. Pharmacognostical studies shows that the leaves of Kadamb are green to pale yellow, odourless with a bitter and acrid taste. The simple, ovate-elliptical, petiolated leaf sized between 15-50cm in length and upto 26cm width with glossy upper surface, undulated margin and pinnate venation. The powder microscopy shows the presence of aboundant multicellular trichomes, phloem fibres, scleriform xylem vessels, epidermal cells, cork cells and parenchymatous tissues. Physiochemical analysis shows variable extractive values in different solvents with maximum extractives of 19.40±0.011% in petroleum ether. Total Ash value of 8.33±0.015%, Acid Insoluble Ash- 2.25±0.005% and Water Soluble Ash- 1.25±0.01%, Foreign Matter- 2.33±0.12%, Moisture content of 8.12±0.01%, Bitterness value-1.6, Swelling Index-2.17±0.01 and Foaming Index- 166.67. Phytochemical analysis of the leaf powder of Anthocephalus cadamba shows the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins and phenolics. The botanical, physical and chemical parameters obtained in this study can be used for establishing the identity and purity of the drug that will lead to safety and efficacy of the herb.

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2012

Acorus calamus Linn. (Araceae) is a semi-aquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes... more Acorus calamus Linn. (Araceae) is a semi-aquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes, arching tapered reed-like leaves and minute yellow-green flowers growing wild in wet areas like edges of streams and around ponds & lakes, in ditches and seeps and also cultivated. It is widely distributed throughout India and Ceylon, ascending the Himalayas up to 6600 feet in Sikkim, plentiful in the marshy tracts of Kashmir, Sirmoor, M anipur and Naga Hills. The rhizomes are considered to possess anti-spasmodic, carminative and anthelmintic, aromatic, expectorant, nervine, sedative, stimulant and nauseating properties. M edicinally used for the treatment of epilepsy, mental ailments, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh, intermittent fevers and glandular and abdominal tumors. The current study was therefore carried out to identify requisite pharmacognostical details i.e. organoleptic, microscopical, fluorescence analysis, quantitative microscopy and physical constants such as ash value and extractive values of the fruit. The extacts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The study revealed specific indices for the particular crude drug which will be useful in identification, control on adulterations of the crude drug and preparation of a monograph of the drug.

Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biomedical Reports, 2017

Introduction: Acorus calamus is being used in Ayurveda as Medhya Rasayana to enhance mental abili... more Introduction: Acorus calamus is being used in Ayurveda as Medhya Rasayana to enhance mental ability and used in treatment of various brain related disorders. Objective: Extraction of volatile oil from Acorus calamus rhizomes and Isolation of β-Asarone from it and anticonvulsant activity of volatile oil in mice using MES and PTZ models. Method: The volatile (calamus) oil was extracted using hydro steam distillation. Calamus oil was subjected to column chromatography using Silica gel in glass column for isolation of β-Asarone. Calamus oil was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity at 30, 100 and 300mg/kg dose using MES, scPTZ, minimum clonic seizure (at 6 Hz.) model and Rotarod test was used to determine the neurotoxicity of volatile oil. Results: β-Asarone was isolated and confirmed by structure elucidation using 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, IRS, UVS and Mass spectroscopy. Calamus oil was found to be inactive in preliminary screening at all dose levels but has shown neurotoxicity at 300 mg/kg. Although, volatile oil was found to be active in minimal clonic seizure test at 6 Hz. At 100 mg/kg, it displayed protection even up to 4.0hr indicating longer duration of action. ED 50 (48.13 mg/kg) and TD 50 (224.13 mg/kg) of volatile oil at 6 Hz in mice also determined at 95% C.I. Protective index(PI) value of volatile oil was found to be 4.65. The experimental results were compared with the standard drug Phenytoin (30 mg/kg). Conclusion: The calamus oil has shown a protective index that can be compared with Phenytoin and can be used as an alternate of synthetic antiepileptic drugs.