Rahul Singh - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Rahul Singh
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2014
Background: To find the prevalence and pattern of congenital heart diseases (CHD) at a Semi-Urban... more Background: To find the prevalence and pattern of congenital heart diseases (CHD) at a Semi-Urban teaching hospital in Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: A thorough history, clinical examination and Trans-Thoracic-Two-Dimensional Echocardiography (TTE) was done for all the live birth, children up to 18years of age and patients between 18 to 25 years, who were referred or presented to the Department of Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Bommakal, Karimnagar (AP), over a period of 5 years from July 2008 through June 2013. Those suspected to having a CHD or referred in our department, were further evaluated with: Clinically, Twelve-Lead-Surface Electrocardiography, Chest Radiography and the diagnosis was confirmed by TTE. Trans-Thoracic-Two-Dimensional Echocardiography, M-Mode, Color flow doppler and Spectral doppler echocardiography was done in all patients in the various views. Results: Total 13,554 patients were examined and underwent TTE. Out of 13,554 patients 116 were identified as having congenital heart diseases, thus giving a prevalence of 8.55 per 1,000 live births. Isolated Ventricular septal defect (28.44%), isolated atrial septal defect (18.10%), Patent ductus arteriosus (10.34%), isolated congenital pulmonary stenosis (6.03%) and tetralogy of Fallot's (6.03%), were the commonest defects observed and confirmed by TTE. TOF was the main cyanotic CHD (6.03%), with the prevalence of 0.51% per 1,000 live births. VSD, ASD and PDA were more prevalent in males. TOF and Complete A.V. Canal defect was prevalent in females. All small size muscular and perimembranous VSD was closed spontaneously. Spontaneous closure rate of 75.00% in Muscular VSD and 52.17% in perimembranous VSD was observed. Spontaneous closure rate of Ostium secundum type ASD was 53.33%. Conclusions: The prevalence of CHD at a tertiary teaching hospital (CAIMS, Bommakal, Karimnagar, AP, India), is 8.55 per 1,000 live births. VSD, ASD, PDA are the most common acyanotic and TOF was the commonest cyanotic congenital heart defects respectively. Non-Invasive Cardiac diagnostic technique (like TTE) plays major in the diagnosis of CHD. When clinical evidences lead to suspicion of congenital heart defect, an echocardiography should be performed immediately.
2012 Students Conference on Engineering and Systems, 2012
Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error [7]. A good test ... more Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error [7]. A good test is one that has a high probability of finding an as-yet-undiscovered error. A successful test is one that uncovers an as-yet-undiscovered error. Testing can be manual, automated, or a combination of both [6]. Manual testing of the software is inefficient and
As the biomass sourses are available around us is like waste but if this waste could use for prod... more As the biomass sourses are available around us is like waste but if this waste could use for producing electricity then it would be more beneficial for us because these sources are renewable. So in view of this if we examine the sewage we can see that there are biogases like methane, carbon dioxide etc.We can use these gases for
Leukemia Research, 2010
Human hematopoietic stem cells giving rise to long term initiating cells in vitro are enriched in... more Human hematopoietic stem cells giving rise to long term initiating cells in vitro are enriched in a CD34 + slow dividing fraction (SDF). Here, we tested reconstitution and multilineage differentiation of this CD34 + SDF in NOD/SCID mice. In the bone marrow a slightly higher percentage of human hematopoietic progenitors were recovered after the transfer of the SDF compared to the fast dividing fraction. Instead, T cell maturation in the rudimentary thymus and lymph node repopulation was only initiated by the SDF. The capacity of the SDF to differentiate and mature in the patients' thymus could provide an advantage in immunocompetence recovery.
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2009
A blockade of CD44 can interfere with haematopoietic and leukemic stem cell homing, the latter be... more A blockade of CD44 can interfere with haematopoietic and leukemic stem cell homing, the latter being considered as a therapeutic option in haematological malignancies. We here aimed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD44. We noted that in irradiated mice reconstituted with a bone marrow cell transplant, anti-CD44 exerts a stronger effect on haematopoietic reconstitution than on T lymphoma (EL4) growth. Nonetheless, in the non-reconstituted mouse anti-CD44 suffices for a prolonged survival of EL4-bearing mice, where anti-CD44-prohibited homing actively drives EL4 cells into apoptosis. In vitro, a CD44 occupancy results in a 2-4-fold increase in apoptotic EL4 cells. Death receptor expression (CD95, TRAIL, TNFRI) remains unaltered and CD95 cross-linking-mediated apoptosis is not affected. Instead, CD44 ligation promotes mitochondrial depolarization that is accompanied by caspase-9 cleavage and is inhibited in the presence of a caspase-9 inhibitor. Apoptosis becomes initiated by activation of CD44-associated phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and proceeds via ERK1/2 dephosphorylation without ERK1/2 degradation. Accordingly, CD44-induced apoptosis could be mimicked by ERK1/2 inhibition, that also promotes EL4 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Thus, during haematopoietic stem cell reconstitution care should be taken not to interfere by a blockade of CD44 with haematopoiesis, which could be circumvented by selectively targeting leukemic CD44 isoforms. Beyond homing/settlement in the bone marrow niche, anti-CD44 drives leukemic T cells into apoptosis via the mitochondrial death pathway by CD44 associating with PP2A. Uncovering this new pathway of CD44-induced leukemic cell death provides new options of therapeutic interference.
Experimental Hematology, 2011
Objective. Leukemia-initiating cells can retrospectively be defined by tumorigenicity in immunode... more Objective. Leukemia-initiating cells can retrospectively be defined by tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice and be characterized by surface markers. The latter still being discussed for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/ SCID) mice were used to evaluate long-time reconstitution and expansion of AML subpopulations. Materials and Methods. Bone marrow cells from patients with AML were separated according to CD34 expression, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and divisional kinetics in comparison to cord bloodLderived CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells, evaluating survival and expansion in NOD/SCID mice. The AML long-term surviving capacity of subpopulations recovered from NOD/SCID mice was confirmed by ex vivo survival. Results. AML mononuclear cells were detected in bone marrow and spleen of NOD/SCID mice 12 weeks after transplantation. The majority of recovered cells were CD34 + and significantly more CD34 + cells were recovered after application of ALDH bright (high ALDH activity), CD34 + , or slowly dividing (PKH bright) than after ALDH dim , CD34 L , or fast dividing (PKH dim) cell application. CD123 + , CD63 + , and CD44v7 + cells were also more abundant after the transfer of ALDH bright or CD34 + AML mononuclear cells. In the spleen, large AML cell clusters were only recovered after ALDH bright , CD34 + , or PKH bright cell transfer. Importantly, in secondary long-term in vitro cultures, quite exclusively CD34 + AML mononuclear cells survived and expanded. Conclusions. Separation of ALDH bright , CD34 + , or PKH bright cells enriches for AML longterm surviving capacity, which reside in the CD34 + subpopulation, as rather exclusively CD34 + cells survived and expanded in vivo and ex vivo. Long-term survival capacity may be supported by CD44v7 expression.
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2014
Background: To find the prevalence and pattern of congenital heart diseases (CHD) at a Semi-Urban... more Background: To find the prevalence and pattern of congenital heart diseases (CHD) at a Semi-Urban teaching hospital in Karimnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: A thorough history, clinical examination and Trans-Thoracic-Two-Dimensional Echocardiography (TTE) was done for all the live birth, children up to 18years of age and patients between 18 to 25 years, who were referred or presented to the Department of Medicine, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Bommakal, Karimnagar (AP), over a period of 5 years from July 2008 through June 2013. Those suspected to having a CHD or referred in our department, were further evaluated with: Clinically, Twelve-Lead-Surface Electrocardiography, Chest Radiography and the diagnosis was confirmed by TTE. Trans-Thoracic-Two-Dimensional Echocardiography, M-Mode, Color flow doppler and Spectral doppler echocardiography was done in all patients in the various views. Results: Total 13,554 patients were examined and underwent TTE. Out of 13,554 patients 116 were identified as having congenital heart diseases, thus giving a prevalence of 8.55 per 1,000 live births. Isolated Ventricular septal defect (28.44%), isolated atrial septal defect (18.10%), Patent ductus arteriosus (10.34%), isolated congenital pulmonary stenosis (6.03%) and tetralogy of Fallot's (6.03%), were the commonest defects observed and confirmed by TTE. TOF was the main cyanotic CHD (6.03%), with the prevalence of 0.51% per 1,000 live births. VSD, ASD and PDA were more prevalent in males. TOF and Complete A.V. Canal defect was prevalent in females. All small size muscular and perimembranous VSD was closed spontaneously. Spontaneous closure rate of 75.00% in Muscular VSD and 52.17% in perimembranous VSD was observed. Spontaneous closure rate of Ostium secundum type ASD was 53.33%. Conclusions: The prevalence of CHD at a tertiary teaching hospital (CAIMS, Bommakal, Karimnagar, AP, India), is 8.55 per 1,000 live births. VSD, ASD, PDA are the most common acyanotic and TOF was the commonest cyanotic congenital heart defects respectively. Non-Invasive Cardiac diagnostic technique (like TTE) plays major in the diagnosis of CHD. When clinical evidences lead to suspicion of congenital heart defect, an echocardiography should be performed immediately.
2012 Students Conference on Engineering and Systems, 2012
Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error [7]. A good test ... more Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error [7]. A good test is one that has a high probability of finding an as-yet-undiscovered error. A successful test is one that uncovers an as-yet-undiscovered error. Testing can be manual, automated, or a combination of both [6]. Manual testing of the software is inefficient and
As the biomass sourses are available around us is like waste but if this waste could use for prod... more As the biomass sourses are available around us is like waste but if this waste could use for producing electricity then it would be more beneficial for us because these sources are renewable. So in view of this if we examine the sewage we can see that there are biogases like methane, carbon dioxide etc.We can use these gases for
Leukemia Research, 2010
Human hematopoietic stem cells giving rise to long term initiating cells in vitro are enriched in... more Human hematopoietic stem cells giving rise to long term initiating cells in vitro are enriched in a CD34 + slow dividing fraction (SDF). Here, we tested reconstitution and multilineage differentiation of this CD34 + SDF in NOD/SCID mice. In the bone marrow a slightly higher percentage of human hematopoietic progenitors were recovered after the transfer of the SDF compared to the fast dividing fraction. Instead, T cell maturation in the rudimentary thymus and lymph node repopulation was only initiated by the SDF. The capacity of the SDF to differentiate and mature in the patients' thymus could provide an advantage in immunocompetence recovery.
Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2009
A blockade of CD44 can interfere with haematopoietic and leukemic stem cell homing, the latter be... more A blockade of CD44 can interfere with haematopoietic and leukemic stem cell homing, the latter being considered as a therapeutic option in haematological malignancies. We here aimed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of anti-CD44. We noted that in irradiated mice reconstituted with a bone marrow cell transplant, anti-CD44 exerts a stronger effect on haematopoietic reconstitution than on T lymphoma (EL4) growth. Nonetheless, in the non-reconstituted mouse anti-CD44 suffices for a prolonged survival of EL4-bearing mice, where anti-CD44-prohibited homing actively drives EL4 cells into apoptosis. In vitro, a CD44 occupancy results in a 2-4-fold increase in apoptotic EL4 cells. Death receptor expression (CD95, TRAIL, TNFRI) remains unaltered and CD95 cross-linking-mediated apoptosis is not affected. Instead, CD44 ligation promotes mitochondrial depolarization that is accompanied by caspase-9 cleavage and is inhibited in the presence of a caspase-9 inhibitor. Apoptosis becomes initiated by activation of CD44-associated phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and proceeds via ERK1/2 dephosphorylation without ERK1/2 degradation. Accordingly, CD44-induced apoptosis could be mimicked by ERK1/2 inhibition, that also promotes EL4 cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Thus, during haematopoietic stem cell reconstitution care should be taken not to interfere by a blockade of CD44 with haematopoiesis, which could be circumvented by selectively targeting leukemic CD44 isoforms. Beyond homing/settlement in the bone marrow niche, anti-CD44 drives leukemic T cells into apoptosis via the mitochondrial death pathway by CD44 associating with PP2A. Uncovering this new pathway of CD44-induced leukemic cell death provides new options of therapeutic interference.
Experimental Hematology, 2011
Objective. Leukemia-initiating cells can retrospectively be defined by tumorigenicity in immunode... more Objective. Leukemia-initiating cells can retrospectively be defined by tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice and be characterized by surface markers. The latter still being discussed for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/ SCID) mice were used to evaluate long-time reconstitution and expansion of AML subpopulations. Materials and Methods. Bone marrow cells from patients with AML were separated according to CD34 expression, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and divisional kinetics in comparison to cord bloodLderived CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells, evaluating survival and expansion in NOD/SCID mice. The AML long-term surviving capacity of subpopulations recovered from NOD/SCID mice was confirmed by ex vivo survival. Results. AML mononuclear cells were detected in bone marrow and spleen of NOD/SCID mice 12 weeks after transplantation. The majority of recovered cells were CD34 + and significantly more CD34 + cells were recovered after application of ALDH bright (high ALDH activity), CD34 + , or slowly dividing (PKH bright) than after ALDH dim , CD34 L , or fast dividing (PKH dim) cell application. CD123 + , CD63 + , and CD44v7 + cells were also more abundant after the transfer of ALDH bright or CD34 + AML mononuclear cells. In the spleen, large AML cell clusters were only recovered after ALDH bright , CD34 + , or PKH bright cell transfer. Importantly, in secondary long-term in vitro cultures, quite exclusively CD34 + AML mononuclear cells survived and expanded. Conclusions. Separation of ALDH bright , CD34 + , or PKH bright cells enriches for AML longterm surviving capacity, which reside in the CD34 + subpopulation, as rather exclusively CD34 + cells survived and expanded in vivo and ex vivo. Long-term survival capacity may be supported by CD44v7 expression.