Raihan Ahmed - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Raihan Ahmed

Forests

Climate change has caused vulnerability not only to the forest ecosystem but also to forest-depen... more Climate change has caused vulnerability not only to the forest ecosystem but also to forest-dependent communities. Therefore, its management is essential to increase forest ecosystem services and reduce vulnerability to climate change using an integrated approach. Although many scientific studies examined climate change impact on forest ecosystems, forest vulnerability assessment, including forest sensitivity, adaptability, sustainability and effective management was found to be scant in the existing literature. Through a systematic review from 1990 to 2019, this paper examined forest vulnerability to climate change and its management practices. In this paper, descriptive, mechanism and thematic analyses were carried out to analyze the state of existing research, in order to understand the concept of vulnerability arising from climate change and forest management issues. The present study proposed a framework for integrated forest assessment and management for addressing such issues...

Modeling Earth Systems and Environment

Climate variability induced changes in rainfall and temperature have degraded the health of veget... more Climate variability induced changes in rainfall and temperature have degraded the health of vegetation across the world. Thus, monitoring of vegetation condition is essential for maintaining ecosystem health, climate sustainability and biodiversity. This article examines vegetation condition in Nainital district located in Kumaon foothills in India during 1991–2019. We utilized satellite data-based temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI) model for assessing vegetation condition. Surface moisture index and bare soil index were used for validating TVDI. Findings revealed an increasing trend in land surface temperature and decreasing trend in surface moisture content. It was also found that area under bare soil has increased considerably indicating decrease in vegetation cover. Marked variations in vegetation condition were observed during the study period due to varied topography, direction and gradient of slope and variation in rainfall. TVDI has proved to be effective tool for assessing vegetation condition. Future studies in different geographical regions may find this assessment approach useful.

Journal of Coastal Conservation

Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), an ecologically sensitive and dynamic region, is susceptible t... more Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR), an ecologically sensitive and dynamic region, is susceptible to cyclones, floods, storm surge and sea level rise. Multi-hazard events in the Reserve have severely affected the coastal landscape and increased the magnitude of various losses to the communities during the last ten years. Losses such as damage to houses, asset loss, land loss and livestock deaths have largely occurred due to multi-hazard events. This article makes an attempt to assess socio-economic losses occurred due to multi-hazards. We collected data regarding socio-economic losses from 570 sampled households through field survey using questionnaire. Poisson regression was performed to ascertain the relationship between losses and multi-hazard events. Pearson correlation was also utilized to examine the relationship between losses and government relief provided to the sampled households. Results revealed that of the 19 blocks (administrative divisions of the district), Namkhana and Sagar were found to be the most vulnerable blocks to the multi-hazard as maximum losses of house, livestock, land and asset of the sampled households occurred in these blocks. Patharpratima also suffered all types of losses except asset loss. Kultali and Basanti suffered from asset loss while Gosaba and Hingalganj suffered from livestock losses. Weak housing structure, lack of early warning system, insufficient relief, lack of basic amenities, coastal erosion and vicinity to the coast were the main factors for persistent vulnerability to losses in these blocks. Thus, these blocks accord high priority for lessening multi-hazards vulnerability.

Abstract The alarming food crisis of the world demands immediate necessary steps for the developm... more Abstract The alarming food crisis of the world demands immediate necessary steps for the development of sustainable systems for more food production and food security in an overpopulated country like Bangladesh. There are presence of huge fallow and wastelands along the sides and slopelands of the network of roads, highways, railways, irrigation canals, embankments, farm and homestead boundaries etc. in plain lands, and also in the riparian and hilly areas of Bangladesh. With a view to bringing these fallowlands under ...

Remote Sensing and GIScience, 2020

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, inc... more I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public.

Recent advances in electronics and wireless communication technologies have enabled the developme... more Recent advances in electronics and wireless communication technologies have enabled the development of large-scale wireless sensor networks that consist of many low-power, low-cost, and small-size sensor nodes. Sensor networks hold the promise of facilitating large-scale and real-time data processing in complex environments. Some of the application areas are health, military, and home. In military, for example, the rapid deployment, self-organization, and fault tolerance characteristics of sensor networks make them a very promising technique for military command, control, communications, computing, and targeting systems. In health, sensor nodes can also be deployed to monitor patients and assist disabled patients, and etc. My area of interest for the project is the survey of different routing protocols that have been developed for secure sensor networks and find their capabilities and deficiencies and suggest the most efficient among them.

American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 2018

The focus of this report is to design a CHP system using energy demand load profile for a food di... more The focus of this report is to design a CHP system using energy demand load profile for a food distribution center. This study has investigated energy requirements in food industry. The main distinction of this report is to carry out economic and environmental analysis of a CHP system. Case studies based on food industry demonstrates that the CHP system is able to run continuously at optimal efficiency and operational costs of the CHP system can be effectively reduced in both electric and heating cost.

Applications and Challenges of Geospatial Technology, 2018

The movement of suspended sediment along the coastal water is an indicator of erosion and deposit... more The movement of suspended sediment along the coastal water is an indicator of erosion and deposition of the coastal landforms. The current study deals with the spatio-temporal movement of suspended sediments in the shallow along the southwest coast of Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala state in India. The customized model here systematically analyses the spectral properties of multiple bands to mapping the suspended sediments at various concentration and spatial distributions. The study on sediment drift and its impacts on the coast through conventional method are difficult; meanwhile, multi-temporal images may provide effective results for studying sediments concentration and their movement along the coastal water. The geoprocessing modelling of sediment dynamics has executed mathematical algorithm on Landsat OLI image to retrieve SSC from coastal water and demarcate movement of sediments along the coast during pre- and post-monsoon. The study reveals that sediment concentration h...

Gene Reports, 2021

Abstract Background and objective Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Diabetes mellitus... more Abstract Background and objective Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Diabetes mellitus (DM), Cirrhosis (CR), Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), Ischemic Stroke (IS), Tuberculosis (TB), Obesity (OB) diseases are related to each other. Any patient affected by any of these diseases increases the possibility of being affected by other diseases. Background studies imply that there are large numbers of similar genetic and biological features among COPD, DM, CR, IHD, IS, TB, OB. For this reason, the common gene network models among these three diseases have been explored. Methods Preprocessing and filtering has been applied to find the common genes among disease. Then the common genes or significant genes have been explored. Thirteen common genes among COPD, DM, CR, IHD, IS, TB, OB have been recognized. PPI, PDI, PCI, String Analysis and Enrichment, GRN have been carried out to imply the significant proteins, seeds, chemicals etc. Results A drug signature suggestion for the hub proteins in the PDI and PCI network. From PPIN (Generic and Tissue-Specific), GRN, GO Enrichment, String analysis with algorithm 13 most responsible hub genes are found. K-means clustering was applied to find common clusters of those 13 genes. Conclusion This analysis discovers the most substantial hub proteins based on biochemical, biological, and genetic relationships between common genes.

Weather and Climate Extremes, 2020

Godavari middle sub-basin covering one district of Telangana state and eleven districts of Mahara... more Godavari middle sub-basin covering one district of Telangana state and eleven districts of Maharashtra state in India has been experiencing severe drought due to climate variability over the past several decades. Lying in the rain shadow zone of Western Ghats (mountain pass), it receives scant rainfall. Therefore, monitoring and assessing of drought is essential for lessening the impact on communities' livelihood and environment. We utilized forty grid points data from global weather data for SWAT portal during 1979-2013 for assessing drought conditions. Trends in important meteorological variables namely precipitation, temperature, wind speed, solar radiation and relative humidity were analyzed to examine the climate variability in the study area. Standardized precipitation index (SPI) was determined for one, three, six and twelve month drought. Mann Kendall test and Sen's slope were used to analyze trend in precipitation.Multiple linear regression was performed to establish relationship between meteorological variables and drought. Interpolation method of geographical information system (GIS) was utilized for spatial analyses of climate variability, drought and trend in precipitation in the study area. Findings revealed that watersheds located in southwestern part of the sub-basin experienced decreasing trend in precipitation and consequent frequent droughts. The study further reveals that the meteorological variables have more impact on short-term drought.

Journal of Earth System Science, 2020

Landslide is a normal geomorphic process that becomes hazardous when interfering with any develop... more Landslide is a normal geomorphic process that becomes hazardous when interfering with any development activity. It has been noted that *400 causalities occur in the Himalayan region every year due to this phenomenon. The frequency and magnitude of the landslides increase every year, particularly in the hilly townships. This demands the large scale landslide susceptibility, hazard, risk, and vulnerability assessment of the region to be carried out. In the present study, Mussoorie Township and its surrounding areas located in the Lesser Himalaya has been chosen for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping (LSM) that involved bivariate statistical Yule coefBcient (YC) method. It calculates the binary association between landslides and its various possible causative factors like lithology, land use-landcover (LULC), slope, aspect, curvature, elevation, road-cut, drainage, and lineament. The results indicate that *44% of the study area falls under very high, high and moderate landslide susceptible zones and *56% in the low and very low landslide susceptible zones. The dominant part of the area falling under high and moderate landslide susceptible zones lies in the area covered by highly fractured Krol limestone exhibiting slope ranging between 65°and 77°. The study would be useful to the planners for the land-use planning of the area.

Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 2019

Diverse anthropogenic pressure has led to land use change in the form of decline of vegetation an... more Diverse anthropogenic pressure has led to land use change in the form of decline of vegetation and fragmented habitats. With rising anthropogenic threats, many species are restricted to fragmented and degraded habitats and declining biodiversity. The aim of the study was to understand the forest health status in Patharia Hills Reserve Forest (RF) using land use land cover (LULC) trajectories along with forest cover and fragmentation approach. Landsat TM and OLI images for three particular days of each of the year 1988, 1997 and 2016 were used to assess spatio-temporal variation in forest cover. Fragmentation model was used to examine the patterns of forest fragmentation in the Patharia Hills RF during the study period. The results indicated an overall increase in forest cover (10.52%) along with rise in human settlements and agriculture, while decrease in grasslands between 1988 and 2016. However, the fragmentation analysis revealed that the health of the RF has been deteriorating. Increasing edge effects with declining core areas were the prime indicators of disturbances on the forest. The eastern border of the RF is under tremendous influence of anthropogenic activities and most of the land use land cover change was observed in that side. Human settlements, agriculture, and developmental activities were main contributors to forest fragmentation at that side of the RF, while better protection at the international border area was the major factor to increase forested areas at the western part of the RF. Forest fragmentation has a large impact on biodiversity and increase risks for survival for many species, especially primate and the migratory elephant would suffer more in the study area. Fragmentation habitats would lead to increasing Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC). To control the habitat fragmentation, proper management strategies should be prepared which include afforestation in the perforated areas, reduce anthropogenic pressures, and demarcate the RF for its better protection.

Environmental Earth Sciences, 2019

Rising sea levels and the increasing intensity of storm surges and tropical cyclones due to clima... more Rising sea levels and the increasing intensity of storm surges and tropical cyclones due to climate change and the resulting dynamic shifts in shoreline positions have dramatically increased the exposure risk and vulnerability of local communities inhabiting the ecologically sensitive deltaic tracts of the Sunderbans in India. The impacts arising from such hazard events on this fragile ecosystem need to be gauged to ameliorate the lives and livelihoods of these residents. This article examines the spatial distribution of vulnerability to coastal hazards within the Sundarban Biosphere Reserve (SBR) in India. For this, we have utilized several structural and process variables, which were integrated to construct a coastal vulnerability index (CVI), using the square root equation. The coastlines of the islands located within the SBR were overlain by 543 grids, each of 2 × 2 km dimension, to assign the risk rank for each considered variable. This revealed that of the total shoreline length (754 km), nearly one-fourth was very highly vulnerable, followed by highly vulnerable (27.8%), moderately vulnerable (27.9%) and low vulnerability (18.8%). Of the total islands located in these grids (27), the coastline of eleven islands was found to have very high vulnerability, five experienced high vulnerability, eight recorded moderate vulnerability while only three had low vulnerability status. The ambient geomorphological characteristics, coastal area slope, the rate of shoreline change and sea level rise were significant variables that accorded high and very high vulnerability to the islands. The CVI helped in identifying islands that require immediate attention for lessening the impact of climate change induced hazards in the SBR and also aided the assessment of the physical and coastal vulnerability conditions of these islands. This approach can be effectively utilized for assessing coastal vulnerability and for creating a holistic approach towards coastal conservation and management.

Natural Hazards, 2017

Dynamic and vigorous top soil is the source for healthy flora, fauna, and humans, and soil organi... more Dynamic and vigorous top soil is the source for healthy flora, fauna, and humans, and soil organic matters are the underpinning for healthy and productive soils. Organic components in the soil play significant role in stimulating soil productivity processes and vegetation development. This article deals with the scientific demand for estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) in forest using geospatial techniques. We assessed distribution of SOC using field and satellite data in Sariska Tiger Reserve located in the Aravalli Hill Range, India. This study utilized the visible and near-infrared reflectance data of Sentinel-2A satellite. Three predictor variables namely Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index, and Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index were derived to examine the relationship between soil and SOC and to identify the biophysical characteristic of soil. Relationship between SOC (ground and predicted) and leaf area index (LAI) measured through satellite data was examined through regression analysis. Coefficient of correlation (R 2) was found to be 0.95 (p value\ 0.05) for predicted SOC and satellite measured LAI. Thus, LAI can effectively be used for extracting SOC using remote sensing data. Soil organic carbon stock map generated through Kriging model & Haroon Sajjad

GeoJournal, 2017

Land suitability evaluation is prerequisite for assessing the limitations for sustainable land us... more Land suitability evaluation is prerequisite for assessing the limitations for sustainable land use planning. We used ten site specific criteria (rainfall, texture, drainage, soil depth, slope, distance to major road, distance to nearest sugar mill, erosion hazard, risk of flooding and pH) and applied weighted multicriteria evaluation (MCE) technique in a geographic information system (GIS) environment to evaluate land suitability for sugarcane cultivation in Bijnor district, India. The weightage of all the parameters was calculated through fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Sugarcane suitability map was prepared integrating various parameters through weighted overlay analysis. The map was categorized as highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and unsuitable (N). The analysis revealed that of the total cultivable land of the district, largest area (61%) was highly suitable followed by moderately suitable (24%), marginally suitable (7%) and unsuitable (8%) for sugarcane cultivation. Nagina, Najibabad and Bijnor sub-districts need attention of land managers and policy makers to remove the limitations and increase the suitability of sugarcane in such areas. Only 7% area was unsuitable for sugarcane cultivation. Slope, soil depth and erosion hazard were the major limiting factors making the land unsuitable for sugarcane cultivation. Therefore, these areas should be given priority for land and soil restoration efforts. The study showed effectiveness of integrated GIS and MCE approach for land suitability analysis of sugarcane.

International Journal of Computer Applications, 2017

Cloud computing is now the biggest hotspot in modern era, which is spreading its impact in the te... more Cloud computing is now the biggest hotspot in modern era, which is spreading its impact in the technical site. For introducing a modern approach of cloud system, user's mobile devices are placed at the top and bottom layer of the cloud system while different virtual servers are present at the middle layer that forms the structure of three-tier technology. For implementing the established idea of the three tier cloud technology, a scenario with different users that has been demonstrated in the paper where users can upload and download data to/from the cloud server using their handheld devices whereas users' own device is also acting as cloud storage in behind scene. The result of the implementation of the three tier technology hashes out that the storage cost at the server can be roughly reduced by using a portion of users' mobile device storage as server storage. In consequences, a reduction of power consumption and maintenance cost happened at the cloud servers side due to less storage uses and increasing parallel processing in clients devices. Moreover, the solutions of some rising problems to the cloud organization can also be introduced after thoroughly with the analytics and statistics of the 1 / 3 An Expedition on Implementing the Cloud Data Centre using Shared Memory of Mobile Storage by Virtuali result of this expedition.

Natural Resources Research, 2017

Watershed prioritization based on erosion risk assessment using morphometric parameters can play ... more Watershed prioritization based on erosion risk assessment using morphometric parameters can play an important role in sustainable development of natural resources. Hence, watershed prioritization through an efficient technique is prerequisite for the implementation of conservation measures. The present study makes an attempt to identify the critical subwatersheds for prioritization in the lower Barpani watershed, India, by using morphometric parameters and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). Morphometric parameters were characterized through the measurement of linear, areal and relief aspects in six sub-watersheds. These parameters helped in analyzing the hydrological and topographical characteristics of the sub-watersheds. Rank of each sub-watershed was assigned by multiplying morphometric parameters values with weights obtained through FAHP. Based on FAHP scores, the sub-watersheds were divided into three prioritization levels: high, moderate and low. The results revealed three sub-watersheds (SW2, SW4 and SW5) for high priority, one sub-watershed (SW6) for moderate priority and two sub-watersheds (SW1 and SW3) for low priority. The FAHP through extent analysis helped to calculate and assign weights to morphometric parameters and proved to be an effective method for watershed prioritization.

The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 2016

Wetlands play a significant role in maintaining environmental stability. These have a complex of ... more Wetlands play a significant role in maintaining environmental stability. These have a complex of values like food storage, water quality maintenance, livelihood and support species diversity, etc. Wetlands inventory is the prerequisite process for conservation and management practices. The study makes an attempt to delineate wetlands and prepare inventory for turbidity and aquatic vegetation in Lower Barpani sub-watersheds (Assam), India. The study utilized Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) data during pre-and post-monsoon seasons, 2014. Wetlands during pre-and post-monsoon were delineated using supervised classification and threshold method. Wetland inventory for turbidity and aquatic vegetation was prepared during pre-and post-monsoon seasons. Single-band turbidity retrieval algorithm and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were used to assess the level of turbidity and aquatic vegetation in GIS environment. The study revealed that the variation in the extent of water logged wetlands in sub-watersheds was due to water spread variation during pre-and post-monsoon seasons. All the sub-watersheds were characterized by medium turbidity which was attributed to sediments and silts brought with runoff in wetlands. Aquatic vegetation showed variation in its distribution across subwatersheds. High vegetation indicated high turbidity and presence of nutrients. The study shows usefulness of remote sensing data in mapping and characterization of wetlands for preparing inventory and monitoring seasonal variation.

International Journal of Applied Information Systems, 2017

Cloud computing is a broadly used technology which serves users with resources on specific demand... more Cloud computing is a broadly used technology which serves users with resources on specific demand enhancing manageability, minimizing the data management and operational cost. Basically, cloud allows users to store their valuable data on the cloud storage so the security of the data center and easy access are considered as focusable parts in cloud computing. In the study we spot light to a new approach of cloud computing where mobile storage is used to build the data center of cloud and easy access having a preferable security. We deliberate that it is possible to lower the cost if the data center is built using user's mobile storage so a 3-tier technology is proposed. Firstly, a layer is user's mobile devices, second layer is server with different virtual machines and last layer is again the user's mobile device which is used to build the data center of cloud (mobile-server-mobile). A mobile app implements the initial security and management issues. Users can oscillate data between first layer and third layer with the help of virtual machines that ensure secure transaction of data, reduction of power consumption, maintenance cost, bandwidth consumption and fast data sharing.