Raj Goyal - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Raj Goyal

Research paper thumbnail of Recent advances in reproductive biotechnologies in small ruminants

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, Jul 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review Editor Howard Spiro

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Challenges Editor

Research paper thumbnail of Atypical localization of myenteric neurons in the opossum lower esophageal sphincter

American Journal of Anatomy, 1987

This study investigated sphincter-body differences in neuronal density and morphometry between th... more This study investigated sphincter-body differences in neuronal density and morphometry between the esophageal sphincter and body with a view to determining whether previously reported differences are authentic. The anatomical limits of the opossum lower esophageal sphincter were correlated with its physiological behavior by manometric demarcation. Following this, peeled whole mounts and paraffin and cryosections were used to study the morphology and morphometry of the esophageal myenteric plexus. Thirty animals were used and seven quantitated. The plexus of the esophageal body was located as usual in a plane between the longitudinal and circular muscle, which coincided with the plane of cleavage when these muscle layers were peeled apart for studying the plexus in whole mounts. In contrast, the plexus was located in several planes in the lower esophageal sphincter, which had no cleavage plane. Therefore, peeling the sphincter removes neurons and yields falsely low counts, making peel preparations of this region unsuitable for neuronal quantitation. In paraffin sections, the neuron density in the esophageal body 7 cm above the sphincter was 6,353 +/- 850/cm2, but decreased significantly to 2,254 +/- 353/cm2 at the 1-cm segment. In the lower esophageal sphincter, the neuronal count increased again to 8,530 +/- 1,606/cm2. Flash-frozen cryosections, which produced neuronal morphology similar to the in vivo condition, showed that there was no difference in neuronal size between esophageal body and sphincter. These studies show that atypical myenteric plexus localization causes spuriously low neuronal counts reported in the lower esophageal sphincter and that reported neuronal size differences are technique-dependent.

Research paper thumbnail of The Histologic Spectrum of Barrett's Esophagus

New England Journal of Medicine, 1976

To define the histology of the columnarlined esophagus, we obtained esophageal biopsies from vari... more To define the histology of the columnarlined esophagus, we obtained esophageal biopsies from various levels with manometric control from 11 patients. There were three types of columnar epithelia above the lower esophageal sphincter: atrophic gastric-fundic-type epithelium with parietal and chief cells; junctional-type epithelium with cardiac mucous glands; and distinctive specialized columnar epithelium with a villiform surface, mucous glands and intestinal-type goblet cells. When present, specialized columnar epithelium was always the most proximal, and gastric fundic epithelium the most distal epithelium. Junctional epithelium was interposed between gastric fundic and specialized columnar or squamous epithelium. Four patients had unequivocal esophagitis in squamous epithelium, but its presence and severity did not correlate with inflammation in or length or type of distal columnar epithelium. Histoligic study of the columnar-lined esophagus demonstrated a spectrum of epithelial patterns. This heterogeneity helps to explain prior discrepant reports.

Research paper thumbnail of Mast cell activators: a new class of highly effective vaccine adjuvants

Research paper thumbnail of 543 Myosin-Va Promotes Purinergic Neurotransmission in the Bladder

The Journal of Urology, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Outsourcing in the Healthcare Industry

Information Resources Management Journal, 2008

The healthcare industry is being impacted by advances in information technology in four major way... more The healthcare industry is being impacted by advances in information technology in four major ways: first, a broad spectrum of tasks that were previously done manually can now be performed by computers; second, some tasks can be outsourced to other countries using inexpensive communications technology; third, longitudinal and societal healthcare data can now be analyzed in acceptable periods of time; and fourth, the best medical expertise can sometimes be made available without the need to transport the patient to the doctor or vice versa. The healthcare industry will increasingly use a portfolio approach comprised of three closelycoordinated components seamlessly interwoven together: healthcare tasks performed by humans on-site; healthcare tasks performed by humans off-site, including tasks performed in other countries; and healthcare tasks performed by computers without direct human involvement. Finally, this paper deals with intellectual property and legal aspects related to the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Heartburn in patients with achalasia

Research paper thumbnail of W1953 Effect of a Novel Telomerase Inhibitor, Grn163l, On Growth of Barrett's Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Gastroenterology, 2008

Gastroenterology, Volume 134, Issue 4, Pages A-741, April 2008, Authors:Masood A. Shammas; Aamer ... more Gastroenterology, Volume 134, Issue 4, Pages A-741, April 2008, Authors:Masood A. Shammas; Aamer Qazi; Ramesh B. Batchu; Robert C. Bertheau; Jason Y. Wong; Manjula Y. Rao; Christopher S. Bryant; Sanjeev Kumar; Madhu Prasad; Selvarangan Ponnazhagan; Diptiman Chanda ...

Research paper thumbnail of Nitric oxide-mediated slow IJPs in the circular muscle of the guinea-pig ileum involve suppression of a camkii-dependent chloride conductance

Research paper thumbnail of Swallow induced lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in vivo in neuronal nitric oxide gene knock out mice

Research paper thumbnail of T1154 Role of Homologous Recombination in Telomere Maintenance and Evidence of ALT Pathway in Barrett's Adenocarcinoma Cells

Research paper thumbnail of Nitric oxide suppresses a calcium-stimulated chloride current in smooth muscle cells of the opossum esophagus

Research paper thumbnail of M1669 Active and Inactive Pools of nNOS in the Nerve Terminals in Mice Gut: Implications for Nitrergic Neurotransmission

Research paper thumbnail of Multilayered epithelium in a rat model of Barrett esophagus

Research paper thumbnail of Growth arrest, apoptosis, and telomere shortening of Barrett’s-associated adenocarcinoma cells by a telomerase inhibitor

Research paper thumbnail of Evidence for β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide as a Purinergic, Inhibitory Neurotransmitter in Doubt

Research paper thumbnail of Gastrin content of columnar mucosa lining the lower (Barrett's) esophagus

The American Journal of Digestive Diseases, 1977

Tissue gastrin was determined in 36 biopsies obtained from the esophagus and 35 biopsies from the... more Tissue gastrin was determined in 36 biopsies obtained from the esophagus and 35 biopsies from the stomach in 12 patients with Barrett's esophagus. Histology of the mucosa from the area adjacent to the biopsy sites was also examined. Esophageal biopsies were obtained from ...

Research paper thumbnail of A computer-assisted technique for 24-hour esophageal monitoring

Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 1982

Research paper thumbnail of Recent advances in reproductive biotechnologies in small ruminants

Journal of entomology and zoology studies, Jul 1, 2018

Research paper thumbnail of Book Review Editor Howard Spiro

Research paper thumbnail of Clinical Challenges Editor

Research paper thumbnail of Atypical localization of myenteric neurons in the opossum lower esophageal sphincter

American Journal of Anatomy, 1987

This study investigated sphincter-body differences in neuronal density and morphometry between th... more This study investigated sphincter-body differences in neuronal density and morphometry between the esophageal sphincter and body with a view to determining whether previously reported differences are authentic. The anatomical limits of the opossum lower esophageal sphincter were correlated with its physiological behavior by manometric demarcation. Following this, peeled whole mounts and paraffin and cryosections were used to study the morphology and morphometry of the esophageal myenteric plexus. Thirty animals were used and seven quantitated. The plexus of the esophageal body was located as usual in a plane between the longitudinal and circular muscle, which coincided with the plane of cleavage when these muscle layers were peeled apart for studying the plexus in whole mounts. In contrast, the plexus was located in several planes in the lower esophageal sphincter, which had no cleavage plane. Therefore, peeling the sphincter removes neurons and yields falsely low counts, making peel preparations of this region unsuitable for neuronal quantitation. In paraffin sections, the neuron density in the esophageal body 7 cm above the sphincter was 6,353 +/- 850/cm2, but decreased significantly to 2,254 +/- 353/cm2 at the 1-cm segment. In the lower esophageal sphincter, the neuronal count increased again to 8,530 +/- 1,606/cm2. Flash-frozen cryosections, which produced neuronal morphology similar to the in vivo condition, showed that there was no difference in neuronal size between esophageal body and sphincter. These studies show that atypical myenteric plexus localization causes spuriously low neuronal counts reported in the lower esophageal sphincter and that reported neuronal size differences are technique-dependent.

Research paper thumbnail of The Histologic Spectrum of Barrett's Esophagus

New England Journal of Medicine, 1976

To define the histology of the columnarlined esophagus, we obtained esophageal biopsies from vari... more To define the histology of the columnarlined esophagus, we obtained esophageal biopsies from various levels with manometric control from 11 patients. There were three types of columnar epithelia above the lower esophageal sphincter: atrophic gastric-fundic-type epithelium with parietal and chief cells; junctional-type epithelium with cardiac mucous glands; and distinctive specialized columnar epithelium with a villiform surface, mucous glands and intestinal-type goblet cells. When present, specialized columnar epithelium was always the most proximal, and gastric fundic epithelium the most distal epithelium. Junctional epithelium was interposed between gastric fundic and specialized columnar or squamous epithelium. Four patients had unequivocal esophagitis in squamous epithelium, but its presence and severity did not correlate with inflammation in or length or type of distal columnar epithelium. Histoligic study of the columnar-lined esophagus demonstrated a spectrum of epithelial patterns. This heterogeneity helps to explain prior discrepant reports.

Research paper thumbnail of Mast cell activators: a new class of highly effective vaccine adjuvants

Research paper thumbnail of 543 Myosin-Va Promotes Purinergic Neurotransmission in the Bladder

The Journal of Urology, 2013

Research paper thumbnail of Outsourcing in the Healthcare Industry

Information Resources Management Journal, 2008

The healthcare industry is being impacted by advances in information technology in four major way... more The healthcare industry is being impacted by advances in information technology in four major ways: first, a broad spectrum of tasks that were previously done manually can now be performed by computers; second, some tasks can be outsourced to other countries using inexpensive communications technology; third, longitudinal and societal healthcare data can now be analyzed in acceptable periods of time; and fourth, the best medical expertise can sometimes be made available without the need to transport the patient to the doctor or vice versa. The healthcare industry will increasingly use a portfolio approach comprised of three closelycoordinated components seamlessly interwoven together: healthcare tasks performed by humans on-site; healthcare tasks performed by humans off-site, including tasks performed in other countries; and healthcare tasks performed by computers without direct human involvement. Finally, this paper deals with intellectual property and legal aspects related to the ...

Research paper thumbnail of Heartburn in patients with achalasia

Research paper thumbnail of W1953 Effect of a Novel Telomerase Inhibitor, Grn163l, On Growth of Barrett's Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Gastroenterology, 2008

Gastroenterology, Volume 134, Issue 4, Pages A-741, April 2008, Authors:Masood A. Shammas; Aamer ... more Gastroenterology, Volume 134, Issue 4, Pages A-741, April 2008, Authors:Masood A. Shammas; Aamer Qazi; Ramesh B. Batchu; Robert C. Bertheau; Jason Y. Wong; Manjula Y. Rao; Christopher S. Bryant; Sanjeev Kumar; Madhu Prasad; Selvarangan Ponnazhagan; Diptiman Chanda ...

Research paper thumbnail of Nitric oxide-mediated slow IJPs in the circular muscle of the guinea-pig ileum involve suppression of a camkii-dependent chloride conductance

Research paper thumbnail of Swallow induced lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in vivo in neuronal nitric oxide gene knock out mice

Research paper thumbnail of T1154 Role of Homologous Recombination in Telomere Maintenance and Evidence of ALT Pathway in Barrett's Adenocarcinoma Cells

Research paper thumbnail of Nitric oxide suppresses a calcium-stimulated chloride current in smooth muscle cells of the opossum esophagus

Research paper thumbnail of M1669 Active and Inactive Pools of nNOS in the Nerve Terminals in Mice Gut: Implications for Nitrergic Neurotransmission

Research paper thumbnail of Multilayered epithelium in a rat model of Barrett esophagus

Research paper thumbnail of Growth arrest, apoptosis, and telomere shortening of Barrett’s-associated adenocarcinoma cells by a telomerase inhibitor

Research paper thumbnail of Evidence for β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide as a Purinergic, Inhibitory Neurotransmitter in Doubt

Research paper thumbnail of Gastrin content of columnar mucosa lining the lower (Barrett's) esophagus

The American Journal of Digestive Diseases, 1977

Tissue gastrin was determined in 36 biopsies obtained from the esophagus and 35 biopsies from the... more Tissue gastrin was determined in 36 biopsies obtained from the esophagus and 35 biopsies from the stomach in 12 patients with Barrett's esophagus. Histology of the mucosa from the area adjacent to the biopsy sites was also examined. Esophageal biopsies were obtained from ...

Research paper thumbnail of A computer-assisted technique for 24-hour esophageal monitoring

Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 1982