Rajeshwari Banakar - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rajeshwari Banakar

2018 International Conference on Recent Innovations in Electrical, Electronics & Communication Engineering (ICRIEECE)

Safety, reliability and cost are the major driving factors for research in automotive application... more Safety, reliability and cost are the major driving factors for research in automotive applications. Automotive suspension systems play a vital role in ensuring the comfort and safety of a vehicle. This paper presents the basic needs of a suspension system, and how they are met using passive, active and semiactive suspensions. The various components and parameters are surveyed and briefly discussed here. The tradeoffs in design, ride comfort vs road handling are demonstrated using simulation models. The comfort criteria is better at lower frequencies (1-2 Hz) where it is around with moderate road holding. The road holding at low and high range frequencies is superior, while degrading at mid frequencies. The comparison among various techniques are presented, which provide a direction for further research.

2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)

End user communication with the IoT devices is an indispensable part of any IoT based system. Thi... more End user communication with the IoT devices is an indispensable part of any IoT based system. This paper presents the different alternatives for end user communication which can be used to control the IoT device mainly Raspberry Pi. As technology is rapidly growing, huge number of user applications has been introduced. Communication applications which help in sending and receiving data and its support with smart phone has made people life easy. Comparison of alternative messenger applications is presented in this paper. Telegram is one of the best cloud messaging application which can be used as an end user application in IoT system. Telegram is known for its faster delivery of messages and secure transmission of data with end-to-end encryption. Different features of Telegram such as Telegram Bot which is helpful in controlling IoT device from user end is discussed in this paper. This paper shows the usability of Telegram application. Raspberry Pi is interfaced with the camera to capture the image of the visitor. Captured image is sent to Telegram account of home owner and door lock is controlled by sending commands to Telegram bot using python script.

2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), 2016

The paper provides an overview of various techniques used to avoid intercell interference (ICI) i... more The paper provides an overview of various techniques used to avoid intercell interference (ICI) in MIMO OFDMA systems. ICI occurs in a cellular communication system when adjacent cells use the same radio resources, i.e. frequency reuse of unity. This interference experienced is maximum by the edge users. The edge users suffer from severe ICI leading to throughput degradation. Hence edge users contribute for the reduction of overall cell throughput. Many papers have been reviewed, compared and this resulted in numerous ways to solve the ICI problem and to select the best suitable solution. ICI avoidance is a technique to to minimize the effect of ICI and in turn improves overall cell performance. Avoidance techniques restrict the usage of resources like power and bandwidth among the users leading to better resource allocation. Thus dynamic allocation of resources among the edge users and center users is considered as the best technique to avoid ICI.

2017 Second International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT), 2017

Routing is the soul of wireless communication. It is the process through which best available pat... more Routing is the soul of wireless communication. It is the process through which best available path between the source and the destination nodes is identified. This selection procedure is carried out with the help of measurements that address various issues of the network. Such measurements are called as routing metrics. Routing metrics are in the course of evolution addressing the issues such as path length, transmission failures, interference, congestion etc. Considering the fact that maintenance of connectivity in multi-hop wireless networks is important and congestion in the network should not be a hindrance, we propose a congestion aware medium access based routing metric, Request To Send (RTS)-Clear To Send (CTS) Retransmission count (RCR) for Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN). The metric considers RTS-CTS handshake of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) method. It is incorporated in Multi-radio Multi-channel (MRMC) WMN for its wide usage. The channel assignment (CA) scheme utilized is cluster based with Latin matrix allocation strategy for MRMC WMN. The metric and the CA scheme are simulated in the network simulator NS3. The results depict a comparably better performance by RCR and Cluster based Channel and Backoff Assignment Scheme (CCBAS) than the Airtime link cost metric and conventional CA strategy respectively of WMN.

Many DSP and Control applications that require the user to know how various numerical errors(unce... more Many DSP and Control applications that require the user to know how various numerical errors(uncertainty) affect the result. This uncertainty is eliminated by replacing non-interval values with intervals. Since most DSPs operate in real time environments, fast processors are required to implement interval arithmetic. The goal is to develop a platform in which Interval Arithmetic operations are performed at the same computational speed as present day signal processors. So we have proposed the design and implementation of Interval Arithmetic multiplier, which operates with IEEE 754 numbers. The proposed unit consists of a floating point CSD multiplier, Interval operation selector. This architecture implements an algorithm which is faster than conventional algorithm of Interval multiplier . The cost overhead of the proposed unit is 30% with respect to a conventional floating point multiplier. The performance of proposed architecture is better than that of a conventional CSD floating-po...

Digital FIR filters have been used for various signal processing tasks in embedded systems. This ... more Digital FIR filters have been used for various signal processing tasks in embedded systems. This paper presents a novel architecture for implementation of an FIR differentiator in FPGA designed for a specific application. The designed component is to estimate the velocity from the suspension displacement in a semi-active suspension controller. The architectures of FIR are modified based on the direct and transposed form, with incremental changes in the manner in which the constant-coefficient multiplication is executed. The recoding of constant FIR filter coefficients using Canonic Signed Digit representation is explored. Three architectures are designed and compared for efficient usage of area of implementation in FPGA. It is observed that the architecture using CSD requires 16% lesser area, and the optimized architecture is an additional 5% more area-efficient and \(16\%\) lesser in complexity of design because of sharing of resources. An overall reduction in power consumption by ...

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a magnetorheological damper based semiactive s... more This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a magnetorheological damper based semiactive suspension using variable structure controllers. Passive suspension systems tend to limit the trade-off between passenger comfort and road handling. But Semiactive suspensions can reduce this trade-off margin and dynamically respond to the damping requirements. Active suspensions provide the best response since they can add damping force in any direction, but are prone to higher power consumption. Semiactive suspensions just change the damping coefficient by simply applying a control voltage as and when required. The performance of three controllers- sigma 1, sigma 2 and sigma 3, are measured and analyzed using nine parameters using peak, root mean square and normalized approaches. The road excitations considered are a single road hump and random road disturbance. The control system is applied to a 2-degree of freedom quarter car model of a passenger car. A modified Bouc- Wen model of MR ...

2018 Fourth International Conference on Computing Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), 2018

The rapid developments in science and technology has led to more and more devices and systems bei... more The rapid developments in science and technology has led to more and more devices and systems being connected to the internet. With this, the depletion of available IPv4 addresses has increased and the requirement of a full-fledged IPv6 architecture ameliorated. There are many available transition mechanisms each with distinct requirements, operational theory and availability that help in adapting IPv6. A performance analysis can help network engineers decide the best transition mechanism for their environment. Performance metrics like RTT, throughput and bandwidth help in examining these mechanisms and to select the appropriate technique. In this paper, the main focus is to evaluate the different transition mechanisms with the help of cisco packet tracer. The analysis depicts that dual stack has better performance when compared to tunneling.

2016 International Conference on Computing Communication Control and automation (ICCUBEA), 2016

Non Functional requirement analysis is done for the Internet of Things (IoT) based traffic manage... more Non Functional requirement analysis is done for the Internet of Things (IoT) based traffic management unit which indicates the traffic density. Few quality characteristics of the design are analyzed during the development process. Design model decisions are governed by these Non Functional Requirement (NFR) design parameters. These quality characteristics considered are cost, sensitivity, design complexity, storage capacity, development process, response criteria and environmental impact. Having analyzed the quality attributes the design components are selected to deploy the design unit. Considerable effort needs to be put at the system design level to streamline the Internet of Things based design process. A Non Functional Requirement Analysis template documentation and checklist form is generated in this approach.

Procedia Computer Science, 2020

In MIMO OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) cellular... more In MIMO OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) cellular systems with frequency reuse factor of unity, the cell edge users experience interference termed as Inter Cell Interference (ICI). ICI degrades the throughput of the cell, when many users exist at cell edges. ICI can be minimized by proper optimal decoding techniques like Maximum Likelihood Decoding (MLD) which is too complex and not possible to implement practically. Suboptimal decoders like sphere decoder is used to achieve the performance near to MLD with reduced complexity. The sphere decoder begins the search process by choosing a proper initial search radius. The paper proposes an optimal radius choice algorithm, to determine the initial search radius for sphere decoder based on system specifications like size of MIMO, modulation technique, Signal to Noise Ratio statistics. A Look Up Table is prepared based on these statistics. A combination of radius selection and radius updation with pre processing is considered. The pre processing methods named Lattice Reduction is used to convert Integer Least Square problem to simple polynomial. Radius is updated using Probabilistic Tree Pruning or Increasing Radius Algorithm. Simulations demonstrate that Increasing Radius Algorithm performs better at larger SNR regions i.e. above 5 dB and Reducing Radius Search algorithm at lower SNR. The initial radius considered from LUT is very efficient selection of search radius. It leads to reduced difference, between final radius and selected radius. This difference is less than 10% for both IRS-SD and RRS-SD, without degrading the performance.

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2020

In this paper we present an approach to investigate how Blockchain Hyperledger Sawtooth platform ... more In this paper we present an approach to investigate how Blockchain Hyperledger Sawtooth platform can be used in ticketing system to process a secure transaction over a network environment. A framework for a ticketing industry has been proposed to overcome the transactional issues between distributors, vendors, and the customers. A discrete three-layer architectural model is presented that is suitable for the application design development. The Blockchain architecture allows us to maintain the list of records contained in the distributed data base on the network and the validator validates the transaction allowing the transaction processor to authorizes the nodes. The outline of Docker compose demonstrates on how to start the transaction processor from the console for the ticketing application. The methodology indicates the use of algorithm to generate a unique key by importing the python software development kit in our design implementation Finally, the paper also provides the detai...

IET Communications, 2020

The paper proposes a framework for traffic based dynamic radio resource allocation to mitigate In... more The paper proposes a framework for traffic based dynamic radio resource allocation to mitigate Inter Cell Interference (ICI) in cooperative communication for LTE MIMO-OFDMA systems using evidence theory. The objective is to address ICI, by dynamic user categorization, resource partitioning and management of radio resources. Through evidence based dynamic categorization of users, dynamic frequency planning and dynamic allocation of resources, spectral efficiency is enhanced by increasing data rate of users. It requires the cell users to be categorized into edge and center users depending on the confidence factor, computed using Dempster Shaffer Combinational Rule (DSCR). A traffic based dynamic Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) plan is proposed using categorized user information to partition the available resources i.e., subcarrier and associated power. A subset of resources is allocated to identified edge users based on dynamic traffic. The traffic based evidential categorization of users, partitioning of resources provides improved data rate and spectral efficiency of edge users. The allocation of resources is dynamic in the proposed framework, leading to an improvement of spectral efficiency from 6.6 b/s/Hz to 12.4 b/s/Hz in a cell. The proposed methodology adapts to the user traffic in a cell and allocates the resources satisfying maximum users.

2016 International Conference on Computing Communication Control and automation (ICCUBEA), 2016

IoT based traffic congestion control unit design increases the service efficiency of the police p... more IoT based traffic congestion control unit design increases the service efficiency of the police personnel. Careful investigation is done to develop a work flow process for a real time traffic monitoring unit. Enhanced functionality in the design is provided using multitasking design capability in term design of both. Sensing traffic and alert service providing unit. A knowledge eco system is developed to provide a platform based solution model with key focus on the need of design process development planning. The developed traffic alert algorithm is unique in nature which caters to hardware operation and software process unit design.

2016 Symposium on Colossal Data Analysis and Networking (CDAN), 2016

With the advent Internet in the 1990s to the present day facilities of ubiquitous computing, the ... more With the advent Internet in the 1990s to the present day facilities of ubiquitous computing, the Internet has changed the computing world in a drastic way. It has traveled from the concept of parallel computing to distributed computing to grid computing and recently to cloud computing. Anatomy of Cloud Computing is discussed in detail. Essential features of cloud services which are useful for the reduction of traffic congestion in the city is presented. Storage of data into cloud and retrieving data from the cloud from mobile application is presented, this theme is used as main platform to solve the traffic related problems in the city, as the traffic congestion has influenced on the citizens routine. The practical challenge faced using the open source cloud during the implementation needs a special mention.

2015 International Conference on Emerging Research in Electronics, Computer Science and Technology (ICERECT), 2015

Simulation is the crux of every network research as it imitates the real word scenarios. Several ... more Simulation is the crux of every network research as it imitates the real word scenarios. Several network simulators are utilized to analyze the performance of the network. Among them NS3 is currently trending network simulator and it is an open source library package developed using C++ and Python languages. Various new modules are being incorporated in NS3 as part of the development. The modules of NS3 are classified based on the dependent layers of the TCP/IP stack. The inclusion of new modules and new files into the modules could be carried out using certain simple and easy steps which are discussed in the paper. As a case study, authors of the paper consider Multi-radio multi-channel (MRMC) WMN to analyze the working of NS3 as it is the hotbed of research. For simplicity, the channels assigned to the radios of nodes in WMN are static. The performance of simulation is conducted with respect to throughput and delay. The results show that the performance of MRMC WMN is better than single radio single channel WMN.

Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 2016

Competency and skill development are the two requirements during the course learning duration. Co... more Competency and skill development are the two requirements during the course learning duration. Constructivism, objectivism and conceptualism are three theories used as a base for knowledge enhancement. Opportunities provided to the students in the courses to express themselves should increase along with the acquisition of in-depth technical knowledge. To motivate and engage students to develop intrinsic skills like, self determination, self monitor and reasoning are supported by well known theory of constructivism and objectivism. Planning an atmosphere to do a task is related to objectivism. Learner's ability to increase competence is known as constructivism which depends on the attitudes of the learner. Students' competency and communication skill can be enhanced by various active learning activities like coding assignments and video assignments. These learning activities provide suitable environment and motivation for competency development. The benefits of various assignments tabulations indicate that project assignments are the most beneficial because of learning pace and handson experience. Video assignments are excellent for communication skill development with lots of creativity involved with digital gadgets. Course content learning through video assignment is nominal. The respondent's reflection of 92.6% for creativity in video assignment and 72% for course content competency suggests that in video assignment students enjoy the course learning. competency, communication skills, video assignment, motivation, creativity Currently education scenario is different in the "digital age" with students possessing smart phones. The student is engaged with the smart phones with one or the other "app". Course teaching to the 21st century students should be designed, to ensure relevant competency, keeping in mind the smart gadget usage. Along with competency the student should be given an opportunity for skill development Competency and skill are like the two faces of the same coin. They should always go handin-hand.

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2013

Nowadays, various techniques have been developed for reducing the power consumption of VLSI desig... more Nowadays, various techniques have been developed for reducing the power consumption of VLSI designs, such as pipelining and parallel processing, reducing the dynamic power, voltage scaling, clock gating, etc. To increase the processing speed of the silicon IC, logic gates are made using CNT FETs and designed using the VLSI technology. Lowering down the power consumption and enhancing the processing speed of IC designs are undoubtedly the two important design challenges in designing ICs. The objective of this paper is to provide high-speed and low-power multiplier. In this paper, a VLSI designed low-power; high-speed multiplier is proposed using the SPST approach. This multiplier is designed by applying the spurious power suppression technique (SPST) on booth multiplier. To add partial products, Modified CLA adder and SPST adder are used. The proposed architecture is synthesized. In Xilinx RTL, chip X-C6SLX45T3FGG484 Spartan 3 series is selected for benchmarking. The timing report shows that to perform 16-bit multiplier, the minimum period required for array multiplier is 21.068 ns, and SPST-equipped booth multiplier requires 14.886 ns. The proposed multiplier requires 13.263 ns. An improvement of 37.04 % is achieved in speed when compared to the proposed multiplier with array multiplier, and an improvement of 10.9 % is achieved in speed when compared to SPST-equipped booth multiplier adder. The proposed multiplier implementation with AND gates has an extremely high flexibility on adjusting the data asserting time. This facilitates the robustness of SPST can attain 30 % speed improvement.

Proceedings of the tenth international symposium on Hardware/software codesign - CODES '02, 2002

15th International Symposium on System Synthesis, 2002.

2006 International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, 2006

We propose the design and implementation of hardware architecture for spatial prediction based im... more We propose the design and implementation of hardware architecture for spatial prediction based image compression scheme, which consists of prediction phase and quantization phase. In prediction phase, the hierarchical tree structure obtained from the test image is used to predict every central pixel of an image by its four neighboring pixels. The prediction scheme generates an error image, to which

2018 International Conference on Recent Innovations in Electrical, Electronics & Communication Engineering (ICRIEECE)

Safety, reliability and cost are the major driving factors for research in automotive application... more Safety, reliability and cost are the major driving factors for research in automotive applications. Automotive suspension systems play a vital role in ensuring the comfort and safety of a vehicle. This paper presents the basic needs of a suspension system, and how they are met using passive, active and semiactive suspensions. The various components and parameters are surveyed and briefly discussed here. The tradeoffs in design, ride comfort vs road handling are demonstrated using simulation models. The comfort criteria is better at lower frequencies (1-2 Hz) where it is around with moderate road holding. The road holding at low and high range frequencies is superior, while degrading at mid frequencies. The comparison among various techniques are presented, which provide a direction for further research.

2017 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR)

End user communication with the IoT devices is an indispensable part of any IoT based system. Thi... more End user communication with the IoT devices is an indispensable part of any IoT based system. This paper presents the different alternatives for end user communication which can be used to control the IoT device mainly Raspberry Pi. As technology is rapidly growing, huge number of user applications has been introduced. Communication applications which help in sending and receiving data and its support with smart phone has made people life easy. Comparison of alternative messenger applications is presented in this paper. Telegram is one of the best cloud messaging application which can be used as an end user application in IoT system. Telegram is known for its faster delivery of messages and secure transmission of data with end-to-end encryption. Different features of Telegram such as Telegram Bot which is helpful in controlling IoT device from user end is discussed in this paper. This paper shows the usability of Telegram application. Raspberry Pi is interfaced with the camera to capture the image of the visitor. Captured image is sent to Telegram account of home owner and door lock is controlled by sending commands to Telegram bot using python script.

2016 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Signal Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), 2016

The paper provides an overview of various techniques used to avoid intercell interference (ICI) i... more The paper provides an overview of various techniques used to avoid intercell interference (ICI) in MIMO OFDMA systems. ICI occurs in a cellular communication system when adjacent cells use the same radio resources, i.e. frequency reuse of unity. This interference experienced is maximum by the edge users. The edge users suffer from severe ICI leading to throughput degradation. Hence edge users contribute for the reduction of overall cell throughput. Many papers have been reviewed, compared and this resulted in numerous ways to solve the ICI problem and to select the best suitable solution. ICI avoidance is a technique to to minimize the effect of ICI and in turn improves overall cell performance. Avoidance techniques restrict the usage of resources like power and bandwidth among the users leading to better resource allocation. Thus dynamic allocation of resources among the edge users and center users is considered as the best technique to avoid ICI.

2017 Second International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies (ICECCT), 2017

Routing is the soul of wireless communication. It is the process through which best available pat... more Routing is the soul of wireless communication. It is the process through which best available path between the source and the destination nodes is identified. This selection procedure is carried out with the help of measurements that address various issues of the network. Such measurements are called as routing metrics. Routing metrics are in the course of evolution addressing the issues such as path length, transmission failures, interference, congestion etc. Considering the fact that maintenance of connectivity in multi-hop wireless networks is important and congestion in the network should not be a hindrance, we propose a congestion aware medium access based routing metric, Request To Send (RTS)-Clear To Send (CTS) Retransmission count (RCR) for Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN). The metric considers RTS-CTS handshake of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) method. It is incorporated in Multi-radio Multi-channel (MRMC) WMN for its wide usage. The channel assignment (CA) scheme utilized is cluster based with Latin matrix allocation strategy for MRMC WMN. The metric and the CA scheme are simulated in the network simulator NS3. The results depict a comparably better performance by RCR and Cluster based Channel and Backoff Assignment Scheme (CCBAS) than the Airtime link cost metric and conventional CA strategy respectively of WMN.

Many DSP and Control applications that require the user to know how various numerical errors(unce... more Many DSP and Control applications that require the user to know how various numerical errors(uncertainty) affect the result. This uncertainty is eliminated by replacing non-interval values with intervals. Since most DSPs operate in real time environments, fast processors are required to implement interval arithmetic. The goal is to develop a platform in which Interval Arithmetic operations are performed at the same computational speed as present day signal processors. So we have proposed the design and implementation of Interval Arithmetic multiplier, which operates with IEEE 754 numbers. The proposed unit consists of a floating point CSD multiplier, Interval operation selector. This architecture implements an algorithm which is faster than conventional algorithm of Interval multiplier . The cost overhead of the proposed unit is 30% with respect to a conventional floating point multiplier. The performance of proposed architecture is better than that of a conventional CSD floating-po...

Digital FIR filters have been used for various signal processing tasks in embedded systems. This ... more Digital FIR filters have been used for various signal processing tasks in embedded systems. This paper presents a novel architecture for implementation of an FIR differentiator in FPGA designed for a specific application. The designed component is to estimate the velocity from the suspension displacement in a semi-active suspension controller. The architectures of FIR are modified based on the direct and transposed form, with incremental changes in the manner in which the constant-coefficient multiplication is executed. The recoding of constant FIR filter coefficients using Canonic Signed Digit representation is explored. Three architectures are designed and compared for efficient usage of area of implementation in FPGA. It is observed that the architecture using CSD requires 16% lesser area, and the optimized architecture is an additional 5% more area-efficient and \(16\%\) lesser in complexity of design because of sharing of resources. An overall reduction in power consumption by ...

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a magnetorheological damper based semiactive s... more This paper presents the modeling and simulation of a magnetorheological damper based semiactive suspension using variable structure controllers. Passive suspension systems tend to limit the trade-off between passenger comfort and road handling. But Semiactive suspensions can reduce this trade-off margin and dynamically respond to the damping requirements. Active suspensions provide the best response since they can add damping force in any direction, but are prone to higher power consumption. Semiactive suspensions just change the damping coefficient by simply applying a control voltage as and when required. The performance of three controllers- sigma 1, sigma 2 and sigma 3, are measured and analyzed using nine parameters using peak, root mean square and normalized approaches. The road excitations considered are a single road hump and random road disturbance. The control system is applied to a 2-degree of freedom quarter car model of a passenger car. A modified Bouc- Wen model of MR ...

2018 Fourth International Conference on Computing Communication Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), 2018

The rapid developments in science and technology has led to more and more devices and systems bei... more The rapid developments in science and technology has led to more and more devices and systems being connected to the internet. With this, the depletion of available IPv4 addresses has increased and the requirement of a full-fledged IPv6 architecture ameliorated. There are many available transition mechanisms each with distinct requirements, operational theory and availability that help in adapting IPv6. A performance analysis can help network engineers decide the best transition mechanism for their environment. Performance metrics like RTT, throughput and bandwidth help in examining these mechanisms and to select the appropriate technique. In this paper, the main focus is to evaluate the different transition mechanisms with the help of cisco packet tracer. The analysis depicts that dual stack has better performance when compared to tunneling.

2016 International Conference on Computing Communication Control and automation (ICCUBEA), 2016

Non Functional requirement analysis is done for the Internet of Things (IoT) based traffic manage... more Non Functional requirement analysis is done for the Internet of Things (IoT) based traffic management unit which indicates the traffic density. Few quality characteristics of the design are analyzed during the development process. Design model decisions are governed by these Non Functional Requirement (NFR) design parameters. These quality characteristics considered are cost, sensitivity, design complexity, storage capacity, development process, response criteria and environmental impact. Having analyzed the quality attributes the design components are selected to deploy the design unit. Considerable effort needs to be put at the system design level to streamline the Internet of Things based design process. A Non Functional Requirement Analysis template documentation and checklist form is generated in this approach.

Procedia Computer Science, 2020

In MIMO OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) cellular... more In MIMO OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) cellular systems with frequency reuse factor of unity, the cell edge users experience interference termed as Inter Cell Interference (ICI). ICI degrades the throughput of the cell, when many users exist at cell edges. ICI can be minimized by proper optimal decoding techniques like Maximum Likelihood Decoding (MLD) which is too complex and not possible to implement practically. Suboptimal decoders like sphere decoder is used to achieve the performance near to MLD with reduced complexity. The sphere decoder begins the search process by choosing a proper initial search radius. The paper proposes an optimal radius choice algorithm, to determine the initial search radius for sphere decoder based on system specifications like size of MIMO, modulation technique, Signal to Noise Ratio statistics. A Look Up Table is prepared based on these statistics. A combination of radius selection and radius updation with pre processing is considered. The pre processing methods named Lattice Reduction is used to convert Integer Least Square problem to simple polynomial. Radius is updated using Probabilistic Tree Pruning or Increasing Radius Algorithm. Simulations demonstrate that Increasing Radius Algorithm performs better at larger SNR regions i.e. above 5 dB and Reducing Radius Search algorithm at lower SNR. The initial radius considered from LUT is very efficient selection of search radius. It leads to reduced difference, between final radius and selected radius. This difference is less than 10% for both IRS-SD and RRS-SD, without degrading the performance.

International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 2020

In this paper we present an approach to investigate how Blockchain Hyperledger Sawtooth platform ... more In this paper we present an approach to investigate how Blockchain Hyperledger Sawtooth platform can be used in ticketing system to process a secure transaction over a network environment. A framework for a ticketing industry has been proposed to overcome the transactional issues between distributors, vendors, and the customers. A discrete three-layer architectural model is presented that is suitable for the application design development. The Blockchain architecture allows us to maintain the list of records contained in the distributed data base on the network and the validator validates the transaction allowing the transaction processor to authorizes the nodes. The outline of Docker compose demonstrates on how to start the transaction processor from the console for the ticketing application. The methodology indicates the use of algorithm to generate a unique key by importing the python software development kit in our design implementation Finally, the paper also provides the detai...

IET Communications, 2020

The paper proposes a framework for traffic based dynamic radio resource allocation to mitigate In... more The paper proposes a framework for traffic based dynamic radio resource allocation to mitigate Inter Cell Interference (ICI) in cooperative communication for LTE MIMO-OFDMA systems using evidence theory. The objective is to address ICI, by dynamic user categorization, resource partitioning and management of radio resources. Through evidence based dynamic categorization of users, dynamic frequency planning and dynamic allocation of resources, spectral efficiency is enhanced by increasing data rate of users. It requires the cell users to be categorized into edge and center users depending on the confidence factor, computed using Dempster Shaffer Combinational Rule (DSCR). A traffic based dynamic Soft Frequency Reuse (SFR) plan is proposed using categorized user information to partition the available resources i.e., subcarrier and associated power. A subset of resources is allocated to identified edge users based on dynamic traffic. The traffic based evidential categorization of users, partitioning of resources provides improved data rate and spectral efficiency of edge users. The allocation of resources is dynamic in the proposed framework, leading to an improvement of spectral efficiency from 6.6 b/s/Hz to 12.4 b/s/Hz in a cell. The proposed methodology adapts to the user traffic in a cell and allocates the resources satisfying maximum users.

2016 International Conference on Computing Communication Control and automation (ICCUBEA), 2016

IoT based traffic congestion control unit design increases the service efficiency of the police p... more IoT based traffic congestion control unit design increases the service efficiency of the police personnel. Careful investigation is done to develop a work flow process for a real time traffic monitoring unit. Enhanced functionality in the design is provided using multitasking design capability in term design of both. Sensing traffic and alert service providing unit. A knowledge eco system is developed to provide a platform based solution model with key focus on the need of design process development planning. The developed traffic alert algorithm is unique in nature which caters to hardware operation and software process unit design.

2016 Symposium on Colossal Data Analysis and Networking (CDAN), 2016

With the advent Internet in the 1990s to the present day facilities of ubiquitous computing, the ... more With the advent Internet in the 1990s to the present day facilities of ubiquitous computing, the Internet has changed the computing world in a drastic way. It has traveled from the concept of parallel computing to distributed computing to grid computing and recently to cloud computing. Anatomy of Cloud Computing is discussed in detail. Essential features of cloud services which are useful for the reduction of traffic congestion in the city is presented. Storage of data into cloud and retrieving data from the cloud from mobile application is presented, this theme is used as main platform to solve the traffic related problems in the city, as the traffic congestion has influenced on the citizens routine. The practical challenge faced using the open source cloud during the implementation needs a special mention.

2015 International Conference on Emerging Research in Electronics, Computer Science and Technology (ICERECT), 2015

Simulation is the crux of every network research as it imitates the real word scenarios. Several ... more Simulation is the crux of every network research as it imitates the real word scenarios. Several network simulators are utilized to analyze the performance of the network. Among them NS3 is currently trending network simulator and it is an open source library package developed using C++ and Python languages. Various new modules are being incorporated in NS3 as part of the development. The modules of NS3 are classified based on the dependent layers of the TCP/IP stack. The inclusion of new modules and new files into the modules could be carried out using certain simple and easy steps which are discussed in the paper. As a case study, authors of the paper consider Multi-radio multi-channel (MRMC) WMN to analyze the working of NS3 as it is the hotbed of research. For simplicity, the channels assigned to the radios of nodes in WMN are static. The performance of simulation is conducted with respect to throughput and delay. The results show that the performance of MRMC WMN is better than single radio single channel WMN.

Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 2016

Competency and skill development are the two requirements during the course learning duration. Co... more Competency and skill development are the two requirements during the course learning duration. Constructivism, objectivism and conceptualism are three theories used as a base for knowledge enhancement. Opportunities provided to the students in the courses to express themselves should increase along with the acquisition of in-depth technical knowledge. To motivate and engage students to develop intrinsic skills like, self determination, self monitor and reasoning are supported by well known theory of constructivism and objectivism. Planning an atmosphere to do a task is related to objectivism. Learner's ability to increase competence is known as constructivism which depends on the attitudes of the learner. Students' competency and communication skill can be enhanced by various active learning activities like coding assignments and video assignments. These learning activities provide suitable environment and motivation for competency development. The benefits of various assignments tabulations indicate that project assignments are the most beneficial because of learning pace and handson experience. Video assignments are excellent for communication skill development with lots of creativity involved with digital gadgets. Course content learning through video assignment is nominal. The respondent's reflection of 92.6% for creativity in video assignment and 72% for course content competency suggests that in video assignment students enjoy the course learning. competency, communication skills, video assignment, motivation, creativity Currently education scenario is different in the "digital age" with students possessing smart phones. The student is engaged with the smart phones with one or the other "app". Course teaching to the 21st century students should be designed, to ensure relevant competency, keeping in mind the smart gadget usage. Along with competency the student should be given an opportunity for skill development Competency and skill are like the two faces of the same coin. They should always go handin-hand.

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2013

Nowadays, various techniques have been developed for reducing the power consumption of VLSI desig... more Nowadays, various techniques have been developed for reducing the power consumption of VLSI designs, such as pipelining and parallel processing, reducing the dynamic power, voltage scaling, clock gating, etc. To increase the processing speed of the silicon IC, logic gates are made using CNT FETs and designed using the VLSI technology. Lowering down the power consumption and enhancing the processing speed of IC designs are undoubtedly the two important design challenges in designing ICs. The objective of this paper is to provide high-speed and low-power multiplier. In this paper, a VLSI designed low-power; high-speed multiplier is proposed using the SPST approach. This multiplier is designed by applying the spurious power suppression technique (SPST) on booth multiplier. To add partial products, Modified CLA adder and SPST adder are used. The proposed architecture is synthesized. In Xilinx RTL, chip X-C6SLX45T3FGG484 Spartan 3 series is selected for benchmarking. The timing report shows that to perform 16-bit multiplier, the minimum period required for array multiplier is 21.068 ns, and SPST-equipped booth multiplier requires 14.886 ns. The proposed multiplier requires 13.263 ns. An improvement of 37.04 % is achieved in speed when compared to the proposed multiplier with array multiplier, and an improvement of 10.9 % is achieved in speed when compared to SPST-equipped booth multiplier adder. The proposed multiplier implementation with AND gates has an extremely high flexibility on adjusting the data asserting time. This facilitates the robustness of SPST can attain 30 % speed improvement.

Proceedings of the tenth international symposium on Hardware/software codesign - CODES '02, 2002

15th International Symposium on System Synthesis, 2002.

2006 International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, 2006

We propose the design and implementation of hardware architecture for spatial prediction based im... more We propose the design and implementation of hardware architecture for spatial prediction based image compression scheme, which consists of prediction phase and quantization phase. In prediction phase, the hierarchical tree structure obtained from the test image is used to predict every central pixel of an image by its four neighboring pixels. The prediction scheme generates an error image, to which