Rajiv Nayan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Rajiv Nayan
Intense international cooperation at various levels is indispensable for strategic trade manageme... more Intense international cooperation at various levels is indispensable for strategic trade management. Over the years, India has been evolving its approach towards non-proliferation and its instrument strategic trade management. Resultantly, its involvement in international cooperation for export control has also evolved. India’s relationship with export control has changed considerably in the last two decades. A nuclear India re-positioned its relationship with export control. India once preferred the Chemical Weapons Convention type of management of sensitive goods a good model, in which commercial transactions and the verification machinery are managed in a balanced way by an international organisation with a wide membership base. Now, India has adopted a mixed approach to international cooperation. It cooperates with the international community in a specialised organisation like the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and in a universal organisation like the Unit...
Global Strategic Trade Management
Strategic trade management is an important tool of global governance after the passage and implem... more Strategic trade management is an important tool of global governance after the passage and implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540. Strategic trade management needs operation through a number of practices which are known as best practices. Although the very use of the term—best practices—may convey the idea that these mechanisms are the ultimate solution to strategic trade management, in reality, all the practices have evolved over the years. Best practices, in governance, are basically the dominant practices embraced by policymakers and implementing agencies. In strategic trade management, these practices range from legislation to regulatory procedures for licensing to enforcement mechanisms. However, among all the practices, licensing practices are the most dynamic. The legislation provides statutory authority for export controls or strategic trade management. As strategic trade management involves trade, domestically, the commerce ministry is expected to be the natural nodal agency for licensing. However, in practice, it is not the rule. In different countries, different ministries and departments occupy the central or coordinating position for licensing in particular and strategic trade management in general. In most of the cases, dual-use and military items have different licensing agencies. The countries, which export civil nuclear items, may also have separate agencies to license nuclear items. Yet, the idea of a single agency for strategic trade management is gaining ground. Several countries are developing a single list of control of sensitive items, which may have implications for security.
Global Strategic Trade Management, 2019
Without enforcement, any policy or rule and regulation loses relevance. Self-enforcement in form ... more Without enforcement, any policy or rule and regulation loses relevance. Self-enforcement in form of Internal Compliance Programme is considered the best for enforcement but in practice, it needs to be validated and supported by a number of governmental measures. Both old and new export control countries are encouraging their companies to adopt Internal Compliance Programme. After campaigning for legislation and regulatory practices, the international community and organisation are underscoring the relevance for enforcement and outreach for strategic trade management. Some practices specific or customised for export control may have been developed but most of the practices from other activities are adapted or used for strategic trade management. The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 has a paragraph on enforcement of export control. This has further contributed to development, strengthening and incorporation of enforcement practices. Although a network of institutions as...
Global Strategic Trade Management, 2019
If there are best practices for licensing, there are also for enforcement. India is adjusting its... more If there are best practices for licensing, there are also for enforcement. India is adjusting its enforcement system for strategic trade control. The Customs is the nodal agency for the enforcement of strategic trade control in India even if a number of government departments and agencies are involved in the enforcement of the trading of special chemicals, organisms, materials, equipment and technology (SCOMET) items. The Indian system is evolving and is learning important lessons from other systems. Similarly, it has also learnt lessons from the experiences from its own system. The Customs is continuously adopting several global best practices and some of the procedures have entered into its operational manual through the World Customs Organization. Other enforcement agencies have also been supporting the task of the Customs. The information generated by licensing agencies and other intelligence agencies seems to be enriching the database which is used by enforcement agencies. Indi...
Global Strategic Trade Management, 2019
The Indian philosophy of export control has witnessed an extraordinary evolution. It is striking ... more The Indian philosophy of export control has witnessed an extraordinary evolution. It is striking a balance between its core philosophy and pragmatic needs to adjust its policy. The transformation in the international strategic/security environment and the new global order force combined with India’s progress to a rising economy and a nuclear weapon country necessitated a new level of engagement with the global technological order. India’s philosophy towards export control has largely been shaped by its attitude towards non-proliferation as well. India has moved away from identifying export control as the technology denial regime. This transformation has led India to become a collaborator or partner of strategic trade management or export control. It is no longer a critic. India has been taking a number of steps to enliven its new role. India is active for strengthening the export control system domestically as well as externally. India accepts that negotiations for export control ma...
This chapter explores the implementation of the resolution through a regional lens. Doing so prov... more This chapter explores the implementation of the resolution through a regional lens. Doing so provides useful insights for a number of reasons. First, it allows for trends to be identified within regions, between different states’ implementation, and allows for consideration as to whether states have been working together to overcome implementation challenges. Second, regional security and broader dynamics may have impacted negatively on implementation and thus should be explored. Third, looking at 1540 implementation through a regional lens allows for comparison between progress in implementation, as well as challenges and successes. Potentially this can help provide broader insights into what has and has not worked.
South Asia as a security zone is full of puzzles. The enigmatic character of South Asia is compri... more South Asia as a security zone is full of puzzles. The enigmatic character of South Asia is comprised its evolving nature, the complex conceptualization of its dominant security challenges, and the difficulty of finding solutions to these challenges. Some common security challenges that South Asian countries face require global solutions. The nuclear conundrum of India and Pakistan can only be solved by global solutions because of the complexity posed by the nuclear weapon countries located outside South Asia. Similarly, cyber security is a borderless problem. South Asian countries may manage their security challenges like terrorism with a cooperative framework, yet the increasing global connection to these regional problems complicates the search for solutions.
Strategic Analysis, 2010
Abstract: In different international bodies and in statements by various world leaders, universal... more Abstract: In different international bodies and in statements by various world leaders, universalisation and a possible revision of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) are figuring quite frequently. Certainly, in the emerging context for universalisation, the relationship ...
Strategic Analysis, 2001
The paper US-European Relations in the Post-Cold War era seeks to examine: Whether the end of the... more The paper US-European Relations in the Post-Cold War era seeks to examine: Whether the end of the Cold War brings an end to the rationale of continuing the relationship or not? Will differences of interests lead to the termination of the relationship? The paper has adopted the ...
Strategic Analysis, 2007
This paper explores the paradox of US policy on dual-use technology cooperation with China in the... more This paper explores the paradox of US policy on dual-use technology cooperation with China in the face of resistance from a strong section of the security establishment. The paper examines the factors contributing to the current level of dual-use technology business between the ...
Strategic Analysis, 2009
... After the network was exposed, there were reports that many political leaders and army offici... more ... After the network was exposed, there were reports that many political leaders and army officials, such as Benazir Bhutto, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Farooq Leghari, Nawaz Sharif, and General Mirza Aslam Beg, were well aware of its activities. ...
Strategic Analysis, 2005
The paper examines the salient features of the principal statutory authority, the Export Administ... more The paper examines the salient features of the principal statutory authority, the Export Administration Act (EAA), that is, at present, governing dual-use technology control in the US, and the frontiers of dual-use export control after the enactment of the new Act. An analysis of different ...
Strategic Analysis, 2009
... View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/09700160902789912 Rajiv Nayan page... more ... View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/09700160902789912 Rajiv Nayan pages 329-331. ... Associated with this is the issue of the ineffectiveness of the Pakistani nucleararsenal in relation to the US predominance or even attacks on Pakistani territory. ...
Strategic Analysis, 2009
... The Nuclear Agenda of the Obama Administration. View full textDownload full text Full access.... more ... The Nuclear Agenda of the Obama Administration. View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/09700160903064364 Rajiv Nayan pages 623-628. ... will maintain a safe, secure and effective arsenal to deter any adversary, and guarantee that defense to our allies …'. ...
Strategic Analysis, 2007
Today, it is necessary for India to respond to the current crisis of the NPT and weigh its option... more Today, it is necessary for India to respond to the current crisis of the NPT and weigh its options vis-`a-vis the Treaty. This paper is an attempt to explore answers to the question of what ought to be India's policy in the light of the new nuclear reality. It analyses three policy options ...
Strategic Analysis, 2000
... Though the tour had several other engagements, the last phase was exclusively devoted toRajiv... more ... Though the tour had several other engagements, the last phase was exclusively devoted toRajiv Nayan is a Research Fellow at IDSA. ... We have agreed to an outline of a treaty with Russia that will reduce our remaining nuclear arsenal by-more than half. ...
Strategic Analysis, 2000
... Though the tour had several other engagements, the last phase was exclusively devoted toRajiv... more ... Though the tour had several other engagements, the last phase was exclusively devoted toRajiv Nayan is a Research Fellow at IDSA. ... We have agreed to an outline of a treaty with Russia that will reduce our remaining nuclear arsenal by-more than half. ...
Think India
India-Canada Civil Nuclear Energy Cooperation: Status, Prospects and Problems
Studies in Indian Politics
Intense international cooperation at various levels is indispensable for strategic trade manageme... more Intense international cooperation at various levels is indispensable for strategic trade management. Over the years, India has been evolving its approach towards non-proliferation and its instrument strategic trade management. Resultantly, its involvement in international cooperation for export control has also evolved. India’s relationship with export control has changed considerably in the last two decades. A nuclear India re-positioned its relationship with export control. India once preferred the Chemical Weapons Convention type of management of sensitive goods a good model, in which commercial transactions and the verification machinery are managed in a balanced way by an international organisation with a wide membership base. Now, India has adopted a mixed approach to international cooperation. It cooperates with the international community in a specialised organisation like the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and in a universal organisation like the Unit...
Global Strategic Trade Management
Strategic trade management is an important tool of global governance after the passage and implem... more Strategic trade management is an important tool of global governance after the passage and implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540. Strategic trade management needs operation through a number of practices which are known as best practices. Although the very use of the term—best practices—may convey the idea that these mechanisms are the ultimate solution to strategic trade management, in reality, all the practices have evolved over the years. Best practices, in governance, are basically the dominant practices embraced by policymakers and implementing agencies. In strategic trade management, these practices range from legislation to regulatory procedures for licensing to enforcement mechanisms. However, among all the practices, licensing practices are the most dynamic. The legislation provides statutory authority for export controls or strategic trade management. As strategic trade management involves trade, domestically, the commerce ministry is expected to be the natural nodal agency for licensing. However, in practice, it is not the rule. In different countries, different ministries and departments occupy the central or coordinating position for licensing in particular and strategic trade management in general. In most of the cases, dual-use and military items have different licensing agencies. The countries, which export civil nuclear items, may also have separate agencies to license nuclear items. Yet, the idea of a single agency for strategic trade management is gaining ground. Several countries are developing a single list of control of sensitive items, which may have implications for security.
Global Strategic Trade Management, 2019
Without enforcement, any policy or rule and regulation loses relevance. Self-enforcement in form ... more Without enforcement, any policy or rule and regulation loses relevance. Self-enforcement in form of Internal Compliance Programme is considered the best for enforcement but in practice, it needs to be validated and supported by a number of governmental measures. Both old and new export control countries are encouraging their companies to adopt Internal Compliance Programme. After campaigning for legislation and regulatory practices, the international community and organisation are underscoring the relevance for enforcement and outreach for strategic trade management. Some practices specific or customised for export control may have been developed but most of the practices from other activities are adapted or used for strategic trade management. The United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 has a paragraph on enforcement of export control. This has further contributed to development, strengthening and incorporation of enforcement practices. Although a network of institutions as...
Global Strategic Trade Management, 2019
If there are best practices for licensing, there are also for enforcement. India is adjusting its... more If there are best practices for licensing, there are also for enforcement. India is adjusting its enforcement system for strategic trade control. The Customs is the nodal agency for the enforcement of strategic trade control in India even if a number of government departments and agencies are involved in the enforcement of the trading of special chemicals, organisms, materials, equipment and technology (SCOMET) items. The Indian system is evolving and is learning important lessons from other systems. Similarly, it has also learnt lessons from the experiences from its own system. The Customs is continuously adopting several global best practices and some of the procedures have entered into its operational manual through the World Customs Organization. Other enforcement agencies have also been supporting the task of the Customs. The information generated by licensing agencies and other intelligence agencies seems to be enriching the database which is used by enforcement agencies. Indi...
Global Strategic Trade Management, 2019
The Indian philosophy of export control has witnessed an extraordinary evolution. It is striking ... more The Indian philosophy of export control has witnessed an extraordinary evolution. It is striking a balance between its core philosophy and pragmatic needs to adjust its policy. The transformation in the international strategic/security environment and the new global order force combined with India’s progress to a rising economy and a nuclear weapon country necessitated a new level of engagement with the global technological order. India’s philosophy towards export control has largely been shaped by its attitude towards non-proliferation as well. India has moved away from identifying export control as the technology denial regime. This transformation has led India to become a collaborator or partner of strategic trade management or export control. It is no longer a critic. India has been taking a number of steps to enliven its new role. India is active for strengthening the export control system domestically as well as externally. India accepts that negotiations for export control ma...
This chapter explores the implementation of the resolution through a regional lens. Doing so prov... more This chapter explores the implementation of the resolution through a regional lens. Doing so provides useful insights for a number of reasons. First, it allows for trends to be identified within regions, between different states’ implementation, and allows for consideration as to whether states have been working together to overcome implementation challenges. Second, regional security and broader dynamics may have impacted negatively on implementation and thus should be explored. Third, looking at 1540 implementation through a regional lens allows for comparison between progress in implementation, as well as challenges and successes. Potentially this can help provide broader insights into what has and has not worked.
South Asia as a security zone is full of puzzles. The enigmatic character of South Asia is compri... more South Asia as a security zone is full of puzzles. The enigmatic character of South Asia is comprised its evolving nature, the complex conceptualization of its dominant security challenges, and the difficulty of finding solutions to these challenges. Some common security challenges that South Asian countries face require global solutions. The nuclear conundrum of India and Pakistan can only be solved by global solutions because of the complexity posed by the nuclear weapon countries located outside South Asia. Similarly, cyber security is a borderless problem. South Asian countries may manage their security challenges like terrorism with a cooperative framework, yet the increasing global connection to these regional problems complicates the search for solutions.
Strategic Analysis, 2010
Abstract: In different international bodies and in statements by various world leaders, universal... more Abstract: In different international bodies and in statements by various world leaders, universalisation and a possible revision of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) are figuring quite frequently. Certainly, in the emerging context for universalisation, the relationship ...
Strategic Analysis, 2001
The paper US-European Relations in the Post-Cold War era seeks to examine: Whether the end of the... more The paper US-European Relations in the Post-Cold War era seeks to examine: Whether the end of the Cold War brings an end to the rationale of continuing the relationship or not? Will differences of interests lead to the termination of the relationship? The paper has adopted the ...
Strategic Analysis, 2007
This paper explores the paradox of US policy on dual-use technology cooperation with China in the... more This paper explores the paradox of US policy on dual-use technology cooperation with China in the face of resistance from a strong section of the security establishment. The paper examines the factors contributing to the current level of dual-use technology business between the ...
Strategic Analysis, 2009
... After the network was exposed, there were reports that many political leaders and army offici... more ... After the network was exposed, there were reports that many political leaders and army officials, such as Benazir Bhutto, Ghulam Ishaq Khan, Farooq Leghari, Nawaz Sharif, and General Mirza Aslam Beg, were well aware of its activities. ...
Strategic Analysis, 2005
The paper examines the salient features of the principal statutory authority, the Export Administ... more The paper examines the salient features of the principal statutory authority, the Export Administration Act (EAA), that is, at present, governing dual-use technology control in the US, and the frontiers of dual-use export control after the enactment of the new Act. An analysis of different ...
Strategic Analysis, 2009
... View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/09700160902789912 Rajiv Nayan page... more ... View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/09700160902789912 Rajiv Nayan pages 329-331. ... Associated with this is the issue of the ineffectiveness of the Pakistani nucleararsenal in relation to the US predominance or even attacks on Pakistani territory. ...
Strategic Analysis, 2009
... The Nuclear Agenda of the Obama Administration. View full textDownload full text Full access.... more ... The Nuclear Agenda of the Obama Administration. View full textDownload full text Full access. DOI: 10.1080/09700160903064364 Rajiv Nayan pages 623-628. ... will maintain a safe, secure and effective arsenal to deter any adversary, and guarantee that defense to our allies …'. ...
Strategic Analysis, 2007
Today, it is necessary for India to respond to the current crisis of the NPT and weigh its option... more Today, it is necessary for India to respond to the current crisis of the NPT and weigh its options vis-`a-vis the Treaty. This paper is an attempt to explore answers to the question of what ought to be India's policy in the light of the new nuclear reality. It analyses three policy options ...
Strategic Analysis, 2000
... Though the tour had several other engagements, the last phase was exclusively devoted toRajiv... more ... Though the tour had several other engagements, the last phase was exclusively devoted toRajiv Nayan is a Research Fellow at IDSA. ... We have agreed to an outline of a treaty with Russia that will reduce our remaining nuclear arsenal by-more than half. ...
Strategic Analysis, 2000
... Though the tour had several other engagements, the last phase was exclusively devoted toRajiv... more ... Though the tour had several other engagements, the last phase was exclusively devoted toRajiv Nayan is a Research Fellow at IDSA. ... We have agreed to an outline of a treaty with Russia that will reduce our remaining nuclear arsenal by-more than half. ...
Think India
India-Canada Civil Nuclear Energy Cooperation: Status, Prospects and Problems
Studies in Indian Politics