Rajkumar Pokhrel - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Books by Rajkumar Pokhrel
Religioustourisminvolvesfaithbasedactivitiesandtravelstoholyplaces.Mostreligio usprogrammes organ... more Religioustourisminvolvesfaithbasedactivitiesandtravelstoholyplaces.Mostreligio usprogrammes organized by some religious bodies in Nigeria attract tourists from all over the world which have contributed immensely to the economic development of the nation. Religious tourism improves the economy and general well being of the citizens, enrich the host community and provide employment for many people. It has become the highest earner of foreign exchange for the country. Therefore the religious bodies should upgrade their facilities and provide basic social amenities in tourist centres.
Research Journal, Tribhuvan university, 2018
Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of Ind... more Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of India (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal,and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal and readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless. But before it, as a consequence of the debate in international communist movement, Indian communist Party split and a faction choose the path of Mao Thought to go ahead. The party was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal revolted against the existing political system. The uprising was started from Naxalbari village by using the policy of “annihilation of class enemy”. It is known as Naxalbari Revolt. But the neither could gain achievement nor run for long last. Top leader of the party, Charu Majumdar, was arrested and killed. After his murder, the party split into more than one dozen factions. On the other side, in Nepal, the neighbouring district Jhapa came into influence of Naxalbari Revolt and the youth communists of Jhapa started the revolt using the same path of Naxalbari. Jhapa Revolt also runs for only 30 months. Both the movements became failure to achieve the aim. But due to the differences of ruling structure, existing political system, and geo political condition between two countries, the revolt of India split into several divisions and the movement of Nepal, even being unsuccessful to achieve the aim achieved to unify the divided movement. The impact of Naxalbari movement in India seems remain still now in some parts of India but in Nepal, Jhapa revolt has become a history. Whatsoever, both revolts have left impact in both countries till now.
Papers by Rajkumar Pokhrel
State, Society and Development: PMPD Perspectives
Madan Bhandari’s theory of People’s Multiparty Democracy has evolved from a patriotic perspective... more Madan Bhandari’s theory of People’s Multiparty Democracy has evolved from a patriotic perspective amidst the intricacies of Nepali geopolitics and contemporary global political dynamics. This theory sheds light on the need-based causes and consequences in the development of PMPD, utilizing historical study as the methodological approach. In this article, the primary argument is in favor of the validity of PMPD within internal geopolitical realities and global political dynamics, considering the perspectives of contemporary Nepali national interests and patriotic values. However, the innovative spirit of Bhandari’s political philosophy has yet to be truly transformed into practice. Furthermore, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN [UML]) has struggled to maintain a balance between its rhetoric and reality, given that PMPD serves as its guiding principle in Nepali politics. First, there is perplexity in analyzing the character of Nepali sovereignty accurately i...
Voice of History, 2023
The art of writing history, developed from the 5th century BC with an account of the personal eve... more The art of writing history, developed from the 5th century BC with an account of the personal events and epics of kings, emperors, war events. Now the historian has begun the scientific approach on history writing based on the collection, analysis and refinement of facts by scientific method. Reflection of Political change around the world has been seen in history writing. After the democratization of the world it should be more transparent and people oriented. In opposite to democratic value (historiography should be more transparent, scientifically credible, people based and reliable), spontaneity have been introduced in historiography. Historiography could not remain untouched by the effects of change around the world and Nepali historiography didn't become an exception in this context. It is found that the work of writing the history of Nepal started from foreign scholars. Since the military officers and foreign diplomats who came to Nepal after the Sugauli Treaty (1816 A.D.) were the beginners of writing the history of Nepal. Some of the contexts of the history written by those foreigners seem to be more controversial and subjective than factual. The English and European historians who contributed to the writing of the history of Nepal, they didn't understand the essence of scientific historiography. Also, their attitude towards Nepal and Nepalis was not respectable. The history written by such officials and the context of rewritten history giving details of the same history has not become credible in today's world of science. More recently, social issues such as ethnicity, regionalism has been distorted and misinterpreted and social hatred has been spread through history. History written today with subjectivity, passed on to future generations, it will be against the spirit and essence of scientific historiography. This article is based on qualitative research and seeks to discuss the challenges faced by historian on contemporary Nepali historiography. In-depth interview and library research approaches are being employed to collect the data. This article also emphasizes the Nepali historian to accept the challenge seen in writing Nepali history and pass on the truth, facts and scientific history to the future generation. Subaltern history hasn't been introduced till date in Nepali historiography so it is the time to discuss on the subject. mention methodology and conclusion in so brief.
Voice of History
The paper analyses the social character in the politics of Nepali communists’ pastries particular... more The paper analyses the social character in the politics of Nepali communists’ pastries particularly of the Nepal Communist Party (Unified Marxist and Leninist) and the Communist party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) by applying marxist perspective. It brings into light the essential causes and consequences of the rise and fall of communist movement in Nepal. The paper argues that every communist party has adopted appropriate social policies in their inception, but in course of their development, being deviated from their early stage became fascinated towards consumerist capitalist culture in their practical life. There are various reasons for this deviation. First, communist parties have failed to analyse the character of Nepali society properly as they have changed their analyses very often. Second, the leaders have been found double faced: they say one thing but do another as they are inherently guided by feudal psychology, comprador capitalist mentality and behaviour. Third, they have n...
Voice of History, 2023
The paper analyses the social character in the politics of Nepali communists' pastries particular... more The paper analyses the social character in the politics of Nepali communists' pastries particularly of the Nepal Communist Party (Unified Marxist and Leninist) and the Communist party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) by applying marxist perspective. It brings into light the essential causes and consequences of the rise and fall of communist movement in Nepal. The paper argues that every communist party has adopted appropriate social policies in their inception, but in course of their development, being deviated from their early stage became fascinated towards consumerist capitalist culture in their practical life. There are various reasons for this deviation. First, communist parties have failed to analyse the character of Nepali society properly as they have changed their analyses very often. Second, the leaders have been found double faced: they say one thing but do another as they are inherently guided by feudal psychology, comprador capitalist mentality and behaviour. Third, they have not been able to bring about socioeconomic change as they have been engaged in the imbroglio of parliamentary politics. While trying to justify these issues, this paper incorporates the evidences from political documents and leaders' statements. The paper is presented inductively and choice of methodology is qualitative.
Tribhuvan University Journal
Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of Ind... more Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of India (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal,and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal and readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless. But before it, as a consequence of the debate in international communist movement, Indian communist Party split and a faction choose the path of Mao Thought to go ahead. The party was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal revolted against the existing political system. The uprising was started from Naxalbari village by using the policy of “annihilation of class enemy”. It is known as Naxalbari Revolt. But the neither could gain achievement nor run for long last. Top leader of the party, Charu Majumdar, was arrested and killed. After his murder, the party split into more tha...
Tribhuvan University Journal
Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of Ind... more Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of India (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal,and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal and readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless. But before it, as a consequence of the debate in international communist movement, Indian communist Party split and a faction choose the path of Mao Thought to go ahead. The party was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal revolted against the existing political system. The uprising was started from Naxalbari village by using the policy of “annihilation of class enemy”. It is known as Naxalbari Revolt. But the neither could gain achievement nor run for long last. Top leader of the party, Charu Majumdar, was arrested and killed. After his murder, the party split into more tha...
Tribhuvan University Journal
Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of Ind... more Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of India (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal,and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal and readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless. But before it, as a consequence of the debate in international communist movement, Indian communist Party split and a faction choose the path of Mao Thought to go ahead. The party was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal revolted against the existing political system. The uprising was started from Naxalbari village by using the policy of “annihilation of class enemy”. It is known as Naxalbari Revolt. But the neither could gain achievement nor run for long last. Top leader of the party, Charu Majumdar, was arrested and killed. After his murder, the party split into more tha...
Religioustourisminvolvesfaithbasedactivitiesandtravelstoholyplaces.Mostreligio usprogrammes organ... more Religioustourisminvolvesfaithbasedactivitiesandtravelstoholyplaces.Mostreligio usprogrammes organized by some religious bodies in Nigeria attract tourists from all over the world which have contributed immensely to the economic development of the nation. Religious tourism improves the economy and general well being of the citizens, enrich the host community and provide employment for many people. It has become the highest earner of foreign exchange for the country. Therefore the religious bodies should upgrade their facilities and provide basic social amenities in tourist centres.
Research Journal, Tribhuvan university, 2018
Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of Ind... more Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of India (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal,and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal and readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless. But before it, as a consequence of the debate in international communist movement, Indian communist Party split and a faction choose the path of Mao Thought to go ahead. The party was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal revolted against the existing political system. The uprising was started from Naxalbari village by using the policy of “annihilation of class enemy”. It is known as Naxalbari Revolt. But the neither could gain achievement nor run for long last. Top leader of the party, Charu Majumdar, was arrested and killed. After his murder, the party split into more than one dozen factions. On the other side, in Nepal, the neighbouring district Jhapa came into influence of Naxalbari Revolt and the youth communists of Jhapa started the revolt using the same path of Naxalbari. Jhapa Revolt also runs for only 30 months. Both the movements became failure to achieve the aim. But due to the differences of ruling structure, existing political system, and geo political condition between two countries, the revolt of India split into several divisions and the movement of Nepal, even being unsuccessful to achieve the aim achieved to unify the divided movement. The impact of Naxalbari movement in India seems remain still now in some parts of India but in Nepal, Jhapa revolt has become a history. Whatsoever, both revolts have left impact in both countries till now.
State, Society and Development: PMPD Perspectives
Madan Bhandari’s theory of People’s Multiparty Democracy has evolved from a patriotic perspective... more Madan Bhandari’s theory of People’s Multiparty Democracy has evolved from a patriotic perspective amidst the intricacies of Nepali geopolitics and contemporary global political dynamics. This theory sheds light on the need-based causes and consequences in the development of PMPD, utilizing historical study as the methodological approach. In this article, the primary argument is in favor of the validity of PMPD within internal geopolitical realities and global political dynamics, considering the perspectives of contemporary Nepali national interests and patriotic values. However, the innovative spirit of Bhandari’s political philosophy has yet to be truly transformed into practice. Furthermore, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) (CPN [UML]) has struggled to maintain a balance between its rhetoric and reality, given that PMPD serves as its guiding principle in Nepali politics. First, there is perplexity in analyzing the character of Nepali sovereignty accurately i...
Voice of History, 2023
The art of writing history, developed from the 5th century BC with an account of the personal eve... more The art of writing history, developed from the 5th century BC with an account of the personal events and epics of kings, emperors, war events. Now the historian has begun the scientific approach on history writing based on the collection, analysis and refinement of facts by scientific method. Reflection of Political change around the world has been seen in history writing. After the democratization of the world it should be more transparent and people oriented. In opposite to democratic value (historiography should be more transparent, scientifically credible, people based and reliable), spontaneity have been introduced in historiography. Historiography could not remain untouched by the effects of change around the world and Nepali historiography didn't become an exception in this context. It is found that the work of writing the history of Nepal started from foreign scholars. Since the military officers and foreign diplomats who came to Nepal after the Sugauli Treaty (1816 A.D.) were the beginners of writing the history of Nepal. Some of the contexts of the history written by those foreigners seem to be more controversial and subjective than factual. The English and European historians who contributed to the writing of the history of Nepal, they didn't understand the essence of scientific historiography. Also, their attitude towards Nepal and Nepalis was not respectable. The history written by such officials and the context of rewritten history giving details of the same history has not become credible in today's world of science. More recently, social issues such as ethnicity, regionalism has been distorted and misinterpreted and social hatred has been spread through history. History written today with subjectivity, passed on to future generations, it will be against the spirit and essence of scientific historiography. This article is based on qualitative research and seeks to discuss the challenges faced by historian on contemporary Nepali historiography. In-depth interview and library research approaches are being employed to collect the data. This article also emphasizes the Nepali historian to accept the challenge seen in writing Nepali history and pass on the truth, facts and scientific history to the future generation. Subaltern history hasn't been introduced till date in Nepali historiography so it is the time to discuss on the subject. mention methodology and conclusion in so brief.
Voice of History
The paper analyses the social character in the politics of Nepali communists’ pastries particular... more The paper analyses the social character in the politics of Nepali communists’ pastries particularly of the Nepal Communist Party (Unified Marxist and Leninist) and the Communist party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) by applying marxist perspective. It brings into light the essential causes and consequences of the rise and fall of communist movement in Nepal. The paper argues that every communist party has adopted appropriate social policies in their inception, but in course of their development, being deviated from their early stage became fascinated towards consumerist capitalist culture in their practical life. There are various reasons for this deviation. First, communist parties have failed to analyse the character of Nepali society properly as they have changed their analyses very often. Second, the leaders have been found double faced: they say one thing but do another as they are inherently guided by feudal psychology, comprador capitalist mentality and behaviour. Third, they have n...
Voice of History, 2023
The paper analyses the social character in the politics of Nepali communists' pastries particular... more The paper analyses the social character in the politics of Nepali communists' pastries particularly of the Nepal Communist Party (Unified Marxist and Leninist) and the Communist party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) by applying marxist perspective. It brings into light the essential causes and consequences of the rise and fall of communist movement in Nepal. The paper argues that every communist party has adopted appropriate social policies in their inception, but in course of their development, being deviated from their early stage became fascinated towards consumerist capitalist culture in their practical life. There are various reasons for this deviation. First, communist parties have failed to analyse the character of Nepali society properly as they have changed their analyses very often. Second, the leaders have been found double faced: they say one thing but do another as they are inherently guided by feudal psychology, comprador capitalist mentality and behaviour. Third, they have not been able to bring about socioeconomic change as they have been engaged in the imbroglio of parliamentary politics. While trying to justify these issues, this paper incorporates the evidences from political documents and leaders' statements. The paper is presented inductively and choice of methodology is qualitative.
Tribhuvan University Journal
Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of Ind... more Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of India (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal,and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal and readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless. But before it, as a consequence of the debate in international communist movement, Indian communist Party split and a faction choose the path of Mao Thought to go ahead. The party was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal revolted against the existing political system. The uprising was started from Naxalbari village by using the policy of “annihilation of class enemy”. It is known as Naxalbari Revolt. But the neither could gain achievement nor run for long last. Top leader of the party, Charu Majumdar, was arrested and killed. After his murder, the party split into more tha...
Tribhuvan University Journal
Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of Ind... more Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of India (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal,and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal and readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless. But before it, as a consequence of the debate in international communist movement, Indian communist Party split and a faction choose the path of Mao Thought to go ahead. The party was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal revolted against the existing political system. The uprising was started from Naxalbari village by using the policy of “annihilation of class enemy”. It is known as Naxalbari Revolt. But the neither could gain achievement nor run for long last. Top leader of the party, Charu Majumdar, was arrested and killed. After his murder, the party split into more tha...
Tribhuvan University Journal
Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of Ind... more Naxalbari is a small village in West Bengal, India, where a section of the Communist Party of India (CPM) led by Kanu Sanyal,and Jangal Santhal initiated a violent uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal and readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless. But before it, as a consequence of the debate in international communist movement, Indian communist Party split and a faction choose the path of Mao Thought to go ahead. The party was led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal and Jangal Santhal revolted against the existing political system. The uprising was started from Naxalbari village by using the policy of “annihilation of class enemy”. It is known as Naxalbari Revolt. But the neither could gain achievement nor run for long last. Top leader of the party, Charu Majumdar, was arrested and killed. After his murder, the party split into more tha...