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Papers by Rajlakshmi Guha

Background: There is growing evidence indicating that children are less affected from COVID-19. S... more Background: There is growing evidence indicating that children are less affected from COVID-19. Some authors speculate that childhood vaccinations may provide some crossprotection against COVID-19. In this study, our aim was to compare the circulating antibody titers for multiple childhood vaccine antigens, as an indicator of the state of immune memory between patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, with a specific aim to identify the association between disease severity and antibody titrations which may indicate a protective function related to vaccine or disease induced memory. Methods: This study is a case-control study including 53 patients with COVID-19 and 40 healthy volunteers. COVID-19 severity was divided into three groups: asymptomatic, mild and severe. We measured the same set of antibody titers for vaccine antigens, and a set of biochemical and infection markers, in both the case and control groups. Results: Rubella (p=0.003), pneumococcus (p=0.002), and Bordetella pertussis (p<0.0001) titers were found to be significantly lower in the case group than the control group. There was a significant decline in pneumococcus titers with severity of disease (p=0.021) and a significant association with disease severity for Bordetella pertussis titers (p=0.014) among COVID patients. Levels of AST, procalcitonin, ferritin and D-dimer significantly increased with the disease severity. Discussion: Our study supports the hypothesis that pre-existing immune memory, as monitored using circulating antibodies, acquired from

IFIP advances in information and communication technology, 2023

Scientific Reports, 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by a decline in cogn... more Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by a decline in cognitive functions with no validated disease modifying treatment. It is critical for timely treatment to detect AD in its earlier stage before clinical manifestation. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between cognitively normal older adults and AD. To predict conversion from MCI to probable AD, we applied a deep learning approach, multimodal recurrent neural network. We developed an integrative framework that combines not only cross-sectional neuroimaging biomarkers at baseline but also longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and cognitive performance biomarkers obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort (ADNI). The proposed framework integrated longitudinal multi-domain data. Our results showed that 1) our prediction model for MCI conversion to AD yielded up to 75% accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.83) when using only single modality o...

ICASSP 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

Multimodal speech emotion recognition (MSER) is an emerging and challenging field of research due... more Multimodal speech emotion recognition (MSER) is an emerging and challenging field of research due to its more robust characteristics than unimodal. However, in multimodal approaches, the interactive relations for model building using different modalities of speech representations for emotion recognition have not been well investigated yet. To address this issue, we introduce a new approach to capturing the deep temporal features of audio and text. The audio features are learned with a convolution neural network (CNN) and a Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) network. The textual features are represented by GloVe word embedding along with Bi-GRU. A cross-modal transformers block is designed for multimodal learning to capture better inter-and intra-interactions and temporal information between the audio and textual features. Further, a self-attention (SA) network is employed to select more important emotional information from the fused multimodal features. We evaluate the proposed method on the IEMOCAP dataset on four emotion classes (i.e., angry, neutral, sad, and happy). The proposed method performs significantly better than the most recent state-of-the-art MSER methods.

Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence

2022 44th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC)

Automatic recognition of spontaneous facial expressions is a major challenge in the field of affe... more Automatic recognition of spontaneous facial expressions is a major challenge in the field of affective computing. Head rotation, face pose, illumination variation, occlusion etc. are the attributes that increase the complexity of recognition of spontaneous expressions in practical applications. Effective recognition of expressions depends significantly on the quality of the database used. Most well-known facial expression databases consist of posed expressions. However, currently there is a huge demand for spontaneous expression databases for the pragmatic implementation of the facial expression recognition algorithms. In this paper, we propose and establish a new facial expression database containing spontaneous expressions of both male and female participants of Indian origin. The database consists of 428 segmented video clips of the spontaneous facial expressions of 50 participants. In our experiment, emotions were induced among the participants by using emotional videos and simu...

Cogent Psychology, 2020

Abstract Emotional intelligence influences affect related outcomes, and accounts for the individu... more Abstract Emotional intelligence influences affect related outcomes, and accounts for the individual differences in efficient emotion regulation. Autonomic Nervous system activity is a major component of emotional response in which the excitatory sympathetic and inhibitory parasympathetic nervous systems interact antagonistically to produce varying degrees of physiological arousal and regulation. This study aimed to explore how cardiac autonomic reactivity to emotion elicitations is related to and can predict trait emotional intelligence of an individual. Fifty-three college students participated in a five-part cardiac recording session, followed by questionnaires on Trait Emotional Intelligence, and a feedback form to indicate emotional arousal. High trait EI individuals had a higher vagal response at rest and lower emotional reactivity in response to film clips measured as change in cardiac autonomic responses from baseline to emotional state. Cardiac autonomic response at baseline and reactivity in emotional state predicted emotional intelligence. Lower emotional reactivity and higher autonomic flexibility are associated with higher emotional intelligence.

PLOS ONE, 2021

Inability to efficiently deal with emotionally laden situations, often leads to poor interpersona... more Inability to efficiently deal with emotionally laden situations, often leads to poor interpersonal interactions. This adversely affects the individual’s psychological functioning. A higher trait emotional intelligence (EI) is not only associated with psychological wellbeing, educational attainment, and job-related success, but also with willingness to seek professional and non-professional help for personal-emotional problems, depression and suicidal ideation. Thus, it is important to identify low (EI) individuals who are more prone to mental health problems than their high EI counterparts, and give them the appropriate EI training, which will aid in preventing the onset of various mood related disorders. Since people may be unaware of their level of EI/emotional skills or may tend to fake responses in self-report questionnaires in high stake situations, a system that assesses EI using physiological measures can prove affective. We present a multimodal method for detecting the level...

2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2019

The Rorschach inkblot test (RIBT) is a standardized projective technique. It uses a subjective wa... more The Rorschach inkblot test (RIBT) is a standardized projective technique. It uses a subjective way of collecting and mapping responses of different regions like large (D) and small details (d). In this paper, eye tracking parameters like Initial Fixation Location, SF Ratio, Mean Fixation Duration and Mean Return are used to develop some objective measures which would be helpful in the assessment of the Rorschach responses. The study was conducted on 25 normal subjects who were administered RIBT cards I, II and X. The result shows an initial tendency to fixate in the central regions of the Rorschach cards. Computation of SF ratio helps in understanding most frequently fixated regions leading to popular response. Certain locations of each card have high attentional value where most shifts and fixations occur. The study supplements to the information obtained by the subjective scoring of RIBT and also indicates that specific eye tracking parameters could be an objective marker for personality assessment with RIBT.

Trans. Comput. Sci., 2020

Reading of a textual content involves a complex coordination between various parts of brain respo... more Reading of a textual content involves a complex coordination between various parts of brain responsible for visual inputs, language processing, cognitive functions and motor response. In addition, psychological factors like attention and perception play a major role in understanding of the content. Many of these factors get reflected in the behaviour of eye movement, as the content is read. In this paper, we present an approach for analysing a textual content in various scales using eyegaze. The scales include (i) individual fixation characteristics, (ii) saccades and fixations within a line (iii) overall difficulty score of the content. An affordable infrared eye tracking device is used to capture the gaze characteristics in an unobtrusive manner. Two types (easy and difficult) of textual contents are designed for the experiment which are benchmarked using standard readability indices. The fixation characteristics include fixation duration, change in drift direction within a fixati...