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Papers by Rajniti Prasad

Research paper thumbnail of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leucine Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein in Children with Tubercular Meningitis with their Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance: A Prospective Study: Authors’ Reply

Indian Journal of Pediatrics, Jan 10, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Amphotericin B Therapy in Children with Visceral Leishmaniasis: Daily vs. Alternate Day, a Randomized Trial

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Jan 11, 2010

A randomized study was carried out to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of daily vs. alt... more A randomized study was carried out to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of daily vs. alternate day regimens of amphotericin B in children with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Six hundred and five children of VL below 14 years of age were randomized into two groups; Group A (302), who received amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg kg À1 day À1 for 15 days and Group B (303); same doses but on alternate days. All patients in both groups were cured, who had completed course of amphotericin B therapy. None had relapsed at 1 and 6 months of follow-up. Adverse reactions in both groups were non-significant. The duration of stay and cost of therapy was significantly lower in Group A children who left the hospital against medical advice, which was also significantly more in Group B. Thus, daily regimen of amphotericin B is equally effective, well tolerated, not more toxic and cost-effective than alternate day regimen, which is currently practiced.

Research paper thumbnail of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase- Associated Lipocalin in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Biomarker to Differentiate Between Steroid Sensitive and Resistant Forms of Disease

Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis, 2018

Background: Objectives of the study were to find out the ability of urinary neutrophil gelatinase... more Background: Objectives of the study were to find out the ability of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker to differentiate between steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), and also to observe variation in levels, if any, between focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) in SRNS patients. Methods: The study included 63 patients of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (19 SSNS in relapse, 19 SSNS in remission and 25 SRNS), aged 2.5-16 years, along with 17 controls. Urinary NGAL was measured by ELISA and the values were normalised with urinary creatinine. Results: Median urinary NGAL/creatinine level was significantly raised in SRNS as compared to SSNS relapse, SSNS remission and controls (p<0.001). A cutoff level of NGAL/creatinine >18.3 ng/mg had sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 97.4% and area under the curve of 0.935 (p<0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.871-0.998) to differentiate SRNS from SSNS patients. Median urinary NGAL/creatinine value was significantly raised in children with FSGS as compared to MCD (p=0.003) in SRNS patients. It had significant positive correlations with duration of illness (r=0.342, p=0.006), urine protein creatinine ratio (r=0.594, p<0.001) and negative correlation with serum albumin (r=0.470, p<0.001). Conclusion: Urinary NGAL/creatinine level correlated with activity of the disease and it can distinguish not only SRNS from SSNS but also FSGS and MCD histopathological sub-types of SRNS in children.

Research paper thumbnail of Outcomes of children with idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome: a single centre observational study

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, Sep 30, 2022

Outcomes of children with idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome: a single centre observ... more Outcomes of children with idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome: a single centre observational study Desfechos de crianças com síndrome nefrótica idiopática córtico-resistente: um estudo observacional de centro único Introdução: A síndrome nefrótica idiopática córtico-resistente (SNICR) apresenta desfechos variáveis em crianças. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar a taxa de remissão cumulativa. Os objetivos secundários foram avaliar fatores que afetam status de remissão, sobrevida da função renal e efeitos adversos de medicamentos. Métodos: Foram incluídos 114 pacientes com SNCR. Utilizou-se protocolo de tratamento baseado em inibidores de calcineurina juntamente com prednisolona e inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante 5 anos. Resultados: A idade mediana foi 4,5 anos; 53,5% dos casos tinham entre 1 e 5 anos. 62 pacientes (54,4%) estavam em estágio inicial; 52 (45,6%) em estágio tardio da SNCR. A TFGecr mediana foi 83,5 mL/min/1,73 m 2 na apresentação. Dos 110 pacientes, 63 (57,3%) alcançaram remissão [remissão completa 30 (27,3%), remissão parcial 33 (30%)], e 47 (42,7%) não apresentaram remissão. A sobrevida da função renal foi 87,3%; 14 casos (12,7%) progrediram para DRC (G3-8, G4-3, G5-1, G5D-2). A duração mediana do acompanhamento foi 36 meses (IIQ 24, 60). Idade no início, ciclosporina/ tacrolimus, TFGecr e histopatologia (DLM/ GESF) não afetaram a remissão. Igualmente, status de remissão, além da idade no início, protocolo de medicamentos e histopatologia não afetaram significativamente a função renal por 5 anos. Observou-se hipertensão, fácies cushingoide, baixa estatura, catarata e obesidade em 37,7; 29,8; 25,5; 17,5; e 0,7% dos casos, respectivamente. Conclusão: Aproximadamente metade dos casos alcançou remissão. Idade no início, uso de ciclosporina/tacrolimus e lesão histopatológica não afetaram o status de remissão nem a sobrevida da função renal a curto prazo na SNICR.

Research paper thumbnail of Desfechos de crianças com síndrome nefrótica idiopática córtico-resistente: um estudo observacional de centro único

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, Sep 30, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Risk Factors and Outcome

Indian Journal of Pediatrics, Apr 16, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leucine Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein in Children with Tubercular Meningitis with their Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance: A Prospective Study

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular Study of Childhood Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: A Hospital-Based Study

Journal of Pediatric Genetics, 2021

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients with genetic mutations most commonly have hi... more Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients with genetic mutations most commonly have histology of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and do not respond to immunosuppressive drugs. We report the molecular screening results of 18 pediatric SRNS cases presented to our nephrology clinic. Three pathogenic variants have been detected, two previously reported and one novel variant. The reported pathogenic variants have been detected in NPHS1 and NPHS2 genes. A novel pathogenic variant has been detected in the inverted formin 2 gene (INF2) gene. We did not detect any variant of the WT1 gene. There were 13 males. Mean age of study participants at enrollment was 69 months. There were 12 cases of primary SRNS. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to SRNS diagnosis was 13 months. FSGS and minimal change disease (MCD) were present in the same number of cases. The response rate (complete or partial) to immunosuppressive drugs was seen in only one patient in the genetic SRNS g...

Research paper thumbnail of Epitope Imprinting of Outer Membrane Protein of Neisseria Meningitidis

Journal of scientific research, 2020

Here, we report the development of an epitope-based electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer... more Here, we report the development of an epitope-based electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-sensor for the detection of Neisseria meningitidis by the electropolymerization of 3-thiophene acetic acid (3-TAA) on the gold surface of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance EQCM. An epitope sequence GRHNSESYH is used here for designing a diagnostic tool via molecularly imprinting for N. meningitidis strain MC58. The imprinting of epitope sequences CGRHNSESYH, and its quantification on epitope imprinted polymer (EIP) was confirmed by electrochemical quartz crysal microbalance (EQCM), fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and contact angle measurements as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The epitope-imprinted sensor shows an imprinting factor of 3.84 and limit of detection 9.87 ng ml-1 which indicates its feasibility for early diagnosis and disease monitoring without preclinical treatments.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytotoxic T- Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA4) Gene Expression and Urinary CTLA4 Levels in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Indian journal of pediatrics, Jan 3, 2018

To detect Cytotoxic T- Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at +49... more To detect Cytotoxic T- Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at +49A/G (rs231775) and -318C/T (rs5742909) positions in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and also assay urinary soluble CTLA4 (sCTLA4) levels in children with minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) in remission. The study included 59 patients of INS (MCD-23, FSGS-15 and SSNS in remission-21) and 35 healthy controls. The CTLA4 SNPs profiling was done in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and urinary sCTLA4 level was assayed by ELISA kit. Although frequency of homozygous +49 GG (rs4553808) genotype (26.3% vs. 11.4%; p = 0.231) and G allele (52.6% vs. 40%; p = 0.216) were found to be higher in INS as compared to controls, the differences were statistically non-significant. Genotypes GG, AG, AA and alleles A and G frequencies were comparable among MCD, FSGS and controls. SNP at -318 C/T (rs5742909) ...

Research paper thumbnail of PRUNE is crucial for normal brain development and mutated in microcephaly with neurodevelopmental impairment

Brain : a journal of neurology, Jan 28, 2017

PRUNE is a member of the DHH (Asp-His-His) phosphoesterase protein superfamily of molecules impor... more PRUNE is a member of the DHH (Asp-His-His) phosphoesterase protein superfamily of molecules important for cell motility, and implicated in cancer progression. Here we investigated multiple families from Oman, India, Iran and Italy with individuals affected by a new autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorder in which the cardinal features include primary microcephaly and profound global developmental delay. Our genetic studies identified biallelic mutations of PRUNE1 as responsible. Our functional assays of disease-associated variant alleles revealed impaired microtubule polymerization, as well as cell migration and proliferation properties, of mutant PRUNE. Additionally, our studies also highlight a potential new role for PRUNE during microtubule polymerization, which is essential for the cytoskeletal rearrangements that occur during cellular division and proliferation. Together these studies define PRUNE as a molecule fundamental for normal human cortical deve...

Research paper thumbnail of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), TLR-4 and CD80 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and urinary CD80 levels in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), Jan 16, 2017

The aims of this study were (1) to detect toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, TLR-4 and CD80 expression i... more The aims of this study were (1) to detect toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, TLR-4 and CD80 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and estimate urinary CD80 levels in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and (2) to investigate the utility of these markers to differentiate between biopsy-proven minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomeruloscelerosis (FSGS). The study included 70 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS), of whom 40 had steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS; 25 with active NS, 15 in remission) and 30 had steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients, and 23 healthy controls. TLR-3, TLR- 4 and CD80 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs were determined and the urinary CD80 level estimated. Median TLR-3, TLR-4 and CD80 mRNA expression levels were higher in patients with active SSNS than in those with SRNS, and the latter patient group also had significantly lower expression levels than the controls. The expression levels of these markers were associated with ...

Research paper thumbnail of WT1 mutations in steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Analysis of Jervel and Lange Nielsen Syndrome with a Novel Mutation in KCNQ1 Gene

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria: Determinants for Mortality

Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, 2015

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in P. falciparum malaria infection is an important morbidity... more Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in P. falciparum malaria infection is an important morbidity in children. The purpose of the present study was done to observe the renal involvement, associated morbidities and outcome. Methods Out of 156 patients with severe P. falciparum malaria, diagnosed on the basis of compatible clinical presentations and positive malarial parasites in the peripheral blood smear and/or histidine rich protein 2 antigen, 31 had AKI at presentation and were analyzed. Results Of 31 (19.9%) patients with AKI, 4 were classified at risk, 11 injury, and 16 failure stage, as per pRIFLE criteria (pediatric version of RIFLE [R = risk, I = injury, F = failure, L = loss E = end-stage kidney disease]). Mean age of children with AKI was 7.7 ± 3.2 years. A significantly higher proportion of patients with AKI had hypoglycemia (41.9%), pulmonary edema (32.2%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (29.0%) compared to those without AKI (18.4%, 4.8%, and 3.2%, respe...

Research paper thumbnail of Urine Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction in Neonatal Septicemia

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2015

This cross-sectional study was done to evaluate diagnostic efficacy of urine nested polymerase ch... more This cross-sectional study was done to evaluate diagnostic efficacy of urine nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using broad-range 16SrDNA PCR-based amplification, followed by restriction analysis and sequencing in neonatal septicemia. The study included 50 babies; 48% had vaginal delivery, 46% were preterm, 20% had a history of prolonged rupture of membranes and 56% were low birth weight (2500 g). Clinical presentations were lethargy (96%), respiratory distress (80%) and bleeding diathesis (16%). Absolute neutrophil count <1800/mm 3 was observed in 60%, and positive C-reactive protein in 46%. Thirty neonates had positive blood culture, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22%) was the predominant organism. Nested urine PCR was positive in 38 (76%) and detected bacterial DNA in 8 neonates with negative blood cultures. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of nested PCR were 100, 60, 78.9, 100 and 84%, respectively, compared with blood culture. Nested PCR can detect most bacteria in single assay and identify unusual and unexpected causal agents.

Research paper thumbnail of Status epilepticus in a child with Sanjad Sakati syndrome

BMJ case reports, 2013

We report a 6-year-old boy who presented with status epilepticus, who had facial dysmorphism, gro... more We report a 6-year-old boy who presented with status epilepticus, who had facial dysmorphism, growth and mental retardation. On investigation, he had hypocalcaemia, hypoparathyroidism and bilateral calcification of basal ganglia in cranial tomographs; features consistent with Sanjad Sakati syndrome. He was treated with intravenous calcium gluconate initially followed by oral calcium and calcitriol and recovered completely.

Research paper thumbnail of Congenital leukaemia in neonate with Down's syndrome

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2003

An 11 -day-old baby of Down's syndrome presented with jaundice, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly a... more An 11 -day-old baby of Down's syndrome presented with jaundice, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly and respiratory distress. The peripheral and bone marrow examination revealed plenty of blast cells, and a diagnosis of congenital leukaemia was done. Despite proper medical care the patient gradually deteriorated and died on day 9.

Research paper thumbnail of Bilateral congenital chylothorax with Noonan syndrome

Indian pediatrics, 2002

Congenital chylothorax in neonates is not rare. More than 300 papers are available including case... more Congenital chylothorax in neonates is not rare. More than 300 papers are available including case-series and reviews (1). Unilateral chylothorax has been reported earlier with Noonan's Syndrome (2, 3). We report a case of bilateral congenital chylothorax in a ...

Research paper thumbnail of Lateral sinus thrombosis in neurocysticercosis

Tropical Doctor, 2005

Cysticercosis is a frequent parasitic infection in developing countries including Nepal and is re... more Cysticercosis is a frequent parasitic infection in developing countries including Nepal and is related to poverty, ignorance and pig-rearing practices at home in the community. A variety of structural involvements such as brain parenchyma, cerebellum, ventricular system, brain stem, meninges, subarachnoid space, spinal cord and orbit have been reported, but cysticercus involving the lateral sinus causing thrombosis is extremely rare.

Research paper thumbnail of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leucine Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein in Children with Tubercular Meningitis with their Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance: A Prospective Study: Authors’ Reply

Indian Journal of Pediatrics, Jan 10, 2024

Research paper thumbnail of Amphotericin B Therapy in Children with Visceral Leishmaniasis: Daily vs. Alternate Day, a Randomized Trial

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, Jan 11, 2010

A randomized study was carried out to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of daily vs. alt... more A randomized study was carried out to compare the efficacy and adverse reactions of daily vs. alternate day regimens of amphotericin B in children with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Six hundred and five children of VL below 14 years of age were randomized into two groups; Group A (302), who received amphotericin B at a dose of 1 mg kg À1 day À1 for 15 days and Group B (303); same doses but on alternate days. All patients in both groups were cured, who had completed course of amphotericin B therapy. None had relapsed at 1 and 6 months of follow-up. Adverse reactions in both groups were non-significant. The duration of stay and cost of therapy was significantly lower in Group A children who left the hospital against medical advice, which was also significantly more in Group B. Thus, daily regimen of amphotericin B is equally effective, well tolerated, not more toxic and cost-effective than alternate day regimen, which is currently practiced.

Research paper thumbnail of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase- Associated Lipocalin in Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: A Biomarker to Differentiate Between Steroid Sensitive and Resistant Forms of Disease

Journal of Molecular Biomarkers & Diagnosis, 2018

Background: Objectives of the study were to find out the ability of urinary neutrophil gelatinase... more Background: Objectives of the study were to find out the ability of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker to differentiate between steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), and also to observe variation in levels, if any, between focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and minimal change disease (MCD) in SRNS patients. Methods: The study included 63 patients of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (19 SSNS in relapse, 19 SSNS in remission and 25 SRNS), aged 2.5-16 years, along with 17 controls. Urinary NGAL was measured by ELISA and the values were normalised with urinary creatinine. Results: Median urinary NGAL/creatinine level was significantly raised in SRNS as compared to SSNS relapse, SSNS remission and controls (p<0.001). A cutoff level of NGAL/creatinine >18.3 ng/mg had sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 97.4% and area under the curve of 0.935 (p<0.001, 95% confidence interval 0.871-0.998) to differentiate SRNS from SSNS patients. Median urinary NGAL/creatinine value was significantly raised in children with FSGS as compared to MCD (p=0.003) in SRNS patients. It had significant positive correlations with duration of illness (r=0.342, p=0.006), urine protein creatinine ratio (r=0.594, p<0.001) and negative correlation with serum albumin (r=0.470, p<0.001). Conclusion: Urinary NGAL/creatinine level correlated with activity of the disease and it can distinguish not only SRNS from SSNS but also FSGS and MCD histopathological sub-types of SRNS in children.

Research paper thumbnail of Outcomes of children with idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome: a single centre observational study

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, Sep 30, 2022

Outcomes of children with idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome: a single centre observ... more Outcomes of children with idiopathic steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome: a single centre observational study Desfechos de crianças com síndrome nefrótica idiopática córtico-resistente: um estudo observacional de centro único Introdução: A síndrome nefrótica idiopática córtico-resistente (SNICR) apresenta desfechos variáveis em crianças. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi avaliar a taxa de remissão cumulativa. Os objetivos secundários foram avaliar fatores que afetam status de remissão, sobrevida da função renal e efeitos adversos de medicamentos. Métodos: Foram incluídos 114 pacientes com SNCR. Utilizou-se protocolo de tratamento baseado em inibidores de calcineurina juntamente com prednisolona e inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante 5 anos. Resultados: A idade mediana foi 4,5 anos; 53,5% dos casos tinham entre 1 e 5 anos. 62 pacientes (54,4%) estavam em estágio inicial; 52 (45,6%) em estágio tardio da SNCR. A TFGecr mediana foi 83,5 mL/min/1,73 m 2 na apresentação. Dos 110 pacientes, 63 (57,3%) alcançaram remissão [remissão completa 30 (27,3%), remissão parcial 33 (30%)], e 47 (42,7%) não apresentaram remissão. A sobrevida da função renal foi 87,3%; 14 casos (12,7%) progrediram para DRC (G3-8, G4-3, G5-1, G5D-2). A duração mediana do acompanhamento foi 36 meses (IIQ 24, 60). Idade no início, ciclosporina/ tacrolimus, TFGecr e histopatologia (DLM/ GESF) não afetaram a remissão. Igualmente, status de remissão, além da idade no início, protocolo de medicamentos e histopatologia não afetaram significativamente a função renal por 5 anos. Observou-se hipertensão, fácies cushingoide, baixa estatura, catarata e obesidade em 37,7; 29,8; 25,5; 17,5; e 0,7% dos casos, respectivamente. Conclusão: Aproximadamente metade dos casos alcançou remissão. Idade no início, uso de ciclosporina/tacrolimus e lesão histopatológica não afetaram o status de remissão nem a sobrevida da função renal a curto prazo na SNICR.

Research paper thumbnail of Desfechos de crianças com síndrome nefrótica idiopática córtico-resistente: um estudo observacional de centro único

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology, Sep 30, 2022

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Risk Factors and Outcome

Indian Journal of Pediatrics, Apr 16, 2021

Research paper thumbnail of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leucine Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein in Children with Tubercular Meningitis with their Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance: A Prospective Study

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

Research paper thumbnail of Molecular Study of Childhood Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: A Hospital-Based Study

Journal of Pediatric Genetics, 2021

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients with genetic mutations most commonly have hi... more Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) patients with genetic mutations most commonly have histology of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and do not respond to immunosuppressive drugs. We report the molecular screening results of 18 pediatric SRNS cases presented to our nephrology clinic. Three pathogenic variants have been detected, two previously reported and one novel variant. The reported pathogenic variants have been detected in NPHS1 and NPHS2 genes. A novel pathogenic variant has been detected in the inverted formin 2 gene (INF2) gene. We did not detect any variant of the WT1 gene. There were 13 males. Mean age of study participants at enrollment was 69 months. There were 12 cases of primary SRNS. The mean duration from onset of symptoms to SRNS diagnosis was 13 months. FSGS and minimal change disease (MCD) were present in the same number of cases. The response rate (complete or partial) to immunosuppressive drugs was seen in only one patient in the genetic SRNS g...

Research paper thumbnail of Epitope Imprinting of Outer Membrane Protein of Neisseria Meningitidis

Journal of scientific research, 2020

Here, we report the development of an epitope-based electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer... more Here, we report the development of an epitope-based electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-sensor for the detection of Neisseria meningitidis by the electropolymerization of 3-thiophene acetic acid (3-TAA) on the gold surface of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance EQCM. An epitope sequence GRHNSESYH is used here for designing a diagnostic tool via molecularly imprinting for N. meningitidis strain MC58. The imprinting of epitope sequences CGRHNSESYH, and its quantification on epitope imprinted polymer (EIP) was confirmed by electrochemical quartz crysal microbalance (EQCM), fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy and contact angle measurements as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The epitope-imprinted sensor shows an imprinting factor of 3.84 and limit of detection 9.87 ng ml-1 which indicates its feasibility for early diagnosis and disease monitoring without preclinical treatments.

Research paper thumbnail of Cytotoxic T- Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA4) Gene Expression and Urinary CTLA4 Levels in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome

Indian journal of pediatrics, Jan 3, 2018

To detect Cytotoxic T- Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at +49... more To detect Cytotoxic T- Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at +49A/G (rs231775) and -318C/T (rs5742909) positions in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and also assay urinary soluble CTLA4 (sCTLA4) levels in children with minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) in remission. The study included 59 patients of INS (MCD-23, FSGS-15 and SSNS in remission-21) and 35 healthy controls. The CTLA4 SNPs profiling was done in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and urinary sCTLA4 level was assayed by ELISA kit. Although frequency of homozygous +49 GG (rs4553808) genotype (26.3% vs. 11.4%; p = 0.231) and G allele (52.6% vs. 40%; p = 0.216) were found to be higher in INS as compared to controls, the differences were statistically non-significant. Genotypes GG, AG, AA and alleles A and G frequencies were comparable among MCD, FSGS and controls. SNP at -318 C/T (rs5742909) ...

Research paper thumbnail of PRUNE is crucial for normal brain development and mutated in microcephaly with neurodevelopmental impairment

Brain : a journal of neurology, Jan 28, 2017

PRUNE is a member of the DHH (Asp-His-His) phosphoesterase protein superfamily of molecules impor... more PRUNE is a member of the DHH (Asp-His-His) phosphoesterase protein superfamily of molecules important for cell motility, and implicated in cancer progression. Here we investigated multiple families from Oman, India, Iran and Italy with individuals affected by a new autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorder in which the cardinal features include primary microcephaly and profound global developmental delay. Our genetic studies identified biallelic mutations of PRUNE1 as responsible. Our functional assays of disease-associated variant alleles revealed impaired microtubule polymerization, as well as cell migration and proliferation properties, of mutant PRUNE. Additionally, our studies also highlight a potential new role for PRUNE during microtubule polymerization, which is essential for the cytoskeletal rearrangements that occur during cellular division and proliferation. Together these studies define PRUNE as a molecule fundamental for normal human cortical deve...

Research paper thumbnail of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), TLR-4 and CD80 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and urinary CD80 levels in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), Jan 16, 2017

The aims of this study were (1) to detect toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, TLR-4 and CD80 expression i... more The aims of this study were (1) to detect toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, TLR-4 and CD80 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and estimate urinary CD80 levels in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and (2) to investigate the utility of these markers to differentiate between biopsy-proven minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomeruloscelerosis (FSGS). The study included 70 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS), of whom 40 had steroid-sensitive NS (SSNS; 25 with active NS, 15 in remission) and 30 had steroid-resistant NS (SRNS) patients, and 23 healthy controls. TLR-3, TLR- 4 and CD80 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs were determined and the urinary CD80 level estimated. Median TLR-3, TLR-4 and CD80 mRNA expression levels were higher in patients with active SSNS than in those with SRNS, and the latter patient group also had significantly lower expression levels than the controls. The expression levels of these markers were associated with ...

Research paper thumbnail of WT1 mutations in steroid-resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Genetic Analysis of Jervel and Lange Nielsen Syndrome with a Novel Mutation in KCNQ1 Gene

The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 2016

Research paper thumbnail of Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria: Determinants for Mortality

Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis, 2015

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in P. falciparum malaria infection is an important morbidity... more Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) in P. falciparum malaria infection is an important morbidity in children. The purpose of the present study was done to observe the renal involvement, associated morbidities and outcome. Methods Out of 156 patients with severe P. falciparum malaria, diagnosed on the basis of compatible clinical presentations and positive malarial parasites in the peripheral blood smear and/or histidine rich protein 2 antigen, 31 had AKI at presentation and were analyzed. Results Of 31 (19.9%) patients with AKI, 4 were classified at risk, 11 injury, and 16 failure stage, as per pRIFLE criteria (pediatric version of RIFLE [R = risk, I = injury, F = failure, L = loss E = end-stage kidney disease]). Mean age of children with AKI was 7.7 ± 3.2 years. A significantly higher proportion of patients with AKI had hypoglycemia (41.9%), pulmonary edema (32.2%), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (29.0%) compared to those without AKI (18.4%, 4.8%, and 3.2%, respe...

Research paper thumbnail of Urine Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction in Neonatal Septicemia

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 2015

This cross-sectional study was done to evaluate diagnostic efficacy of urine nested polymerase ch... more This cross-sectional study was done to evaluate diagnostic efficacy of urine nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using broad-range 16SrDNA PCR-based amplification, followed by restriction analysis and sequencing in neonatal septicemia. The study included 50 babies; 48% had vaginal delivery, 46% were preterm, 20% had a history of prolonged rupture of membranes and 56% were low birth weight (2500 g). Clinical presentations were lethargy (96%), respiratory distress (80%) and bleeding diathesis (16%). Absolute neutrophil count <1800/mm 3 was observed in 60%, and positive C-reactive protein in 46%. Thirty neonates had positive blood culture, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22%) was the predominant organism. Nested urine PCR was positive in 38 (76%) and detected bacterial DNA in 8 neonates with negative blood cultures. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of nested PCR were 100, 60, 78.9, 100 and 84%, respectively, compared with blood culture. Nested PCR can detect most bacteria in single assay and identify unusual and unexpected causal agents.

Research paper thumbnail of Status epilepticus in a child with Sanjad Sakati syndrome

BMJ case reports, 2013

We report a 6-year-old boy who presented with status epilepticus, who had facial dysmorphism, gro... more We report a 6-year-old boy who presented with status epilepticus, who had facial dysmorphism, growth and mental retardation. On investigation, he had hypocalcaemia, hypoparathyroidism and bilateral calcification of basal ganglia in cranial tomographs; features consistent with Sanjad Sakati syndrome. He was treated with intravenous calcium gluconate initially followed by oral calcium and calcitriol and recovered completely.

Research paper thumbnail of Congenital leukaemia in neonate with Down's syndrome

Journal of the Indian Medical Association, 2003

An 11 -day-old baby of Down's syndrome presented with jaundice, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly a... more An 11 -day-old baby of Down's syndrome presented with jaundice, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly and respiratory distress. The peripheral and bone marrow examination revealed plenty of blast cells, and a diagnosis of congenital leukaemia was done. Despite proper medical care the patient gradually deteriorated and died on day 9.

Research paper thumbnail of Bilateral congenital chylothorax with Noonan syndrome

Indian pediatrics, 2002

Congenital chylothorax in neonates is not rare. More than 300 papers are available including case... more Congenital chylothorax in neonates is not rare. More than 300 papers are available including case-series and reviews (1). Unilateral chylothorax has been reported earlier with Noonan's Syndrome (2, 3). We report a case of bilateral congenital chylothorax in a ...

Research paper thumbnail of Lateral sinus thrombosis in neurocysticercosis

Tropical Doctor, 2005

Cysticercosis is a frequent parasitic infection in developing countries including Nepal and is re... more Cysticercosis is a frequent parasitic infection in developing countries including Nepal and is related to poverty, ignorance and pig-rearing practices at home in the community. A variety of structural involvements such as brain parenchyma, cerebellum, ventricular system, brain stem, meninges, subarachnoid space, spinal cord and orbit have been reported, but cysticercus involving the lateral sinus causing thrombosis is extremely rare.