Rakesh Mali - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rakesh Mali

This study evaluated the incidence of foetal wastage in cattle slaughtered at Abak slaughter hous... more This study evaluated the incidence of foetal wastage in cattle slaughtered at Abak slaughter house, Akwa- Ibom State and its economic implications. Out of a total of 4695 cattle slaughtered during the four years period (2005- 2008) of this study, 1620 (34.50%) were females and 3075 (65.50%) were males. The study revealed an incidence rate ranging from 16.09 - 30.49% (average 22.40%) over the period of study. A total of 349 foetuses were wasted during the study period. Financial losses accrued from the foetuses wasted were within the range of 20, 940, 000 - 29, 665,000 ($126,144 - $178,704).The study advocates that the practice of foetal wastage due to the slaughter of pregnant cows should be discouraged so that the demand for beef is met. For this to be achieved there must be legislation against slaughtering of pregnant animals and this should be enforced strictly. At ante-mortem inspection all pregnant animals should not be allowed into the slaughter hall. The livestock farmers and...

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2013

Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Tobacco is an agricultural... more Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana.In Indian agriculture, tobacco has a prominent place. Tobacco could be developed as an important food crop in combination with its traditional use for smoking and chewing. Tobacco plants are also used in plant bioengineering, and some of the more than 70 species are grown as ornamentals. The chemistry of tobacco is unique with the presence of a wide spectrum of chemical compounds of which nicotine, solanesol, malic and citric acid were identified as potential chemicals which could be recovered and converted to value-added products. The alkaloid nicotine is popularly considered the most characteristic constituent of tobacco but nicotine is not highly addictive on its own. In consumption it most commonly appears in the forms of smoking, chewing, snuffing, or dipping tobacco. Because of the powerfully addictive properties o...

International Journal of Recent Advances in Science and Technology, 2016

Drug delivery is a process that includes dosage form and route of administration. It refers to pr... more Drug delivery is a process that includes dosage form and route of administration. It refers to procedures or approaches for transporting pharmaceutical compound in the body safely to achieve its therapeutic effect. The Parenteral drug delivery system is the most common and efficient for delivery of active drug substances with poor bio-availability and the drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Though parenteral administration of drug is often critical and associated with problems such as limited number of acceptable excipients, stringent requirements of aseptic production process, safety issues, and patient noncompliance. Still this route maintains its value due to special advantages like quicker onset of action in case of emergency; target the drug quickly to desired site of action, prevention of first pass metabolism etc. The application of advanced drug delivery technology to parenteral administration lead to development of SLNs, liposomes, niosomes, lipid nano dispersions etc. t...

International Journal of Recent Advances in Science and Technology, 2015

From Vedic period countries like India and Nepal are using crude plants as medicine. In Developin... more From Vedic period countries like India and Nepal are using crude plants as medicine. In Developing Countries a major portion of the total population still uses the traditional medicines which are obtained through the plant resources. According to the estimation of WHO that 80% of world population of the rural areas are dependent over the herbal traditional medicines as their primary health care, thus the study on the properties and uses of these natural medicinal plants resources are getting interest for the area of research. These medicinal plants are rich in the secondary metabolites, which are considered as the rich sources of the drugs and essential oils of therapeutic importance. One such plant of interest is Ocium Tenuiflorum also known as Ocimum sanctum, Holi Basil, or Tulasi. Traditionally used since the times of ancient civilization in India and called as the “Queen of Herbs”. It contains 7.0% eugenol, carvacrol (3%) and eugenol-methyl ether (20%). It also contains caryophy...

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2013

Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Tobacco is an agricultural... more Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana.In Indian agriculture, tobacco has a prominent place. Tobacco could be developed as an important food crop in combination with its traditional use for smoking and chewing. Tobacco plants are also used in plant bioengineering, and some of the more than 70 species are grown as ornamentals. The chemistry of tobacco is unique with the presence of a wide spectrum of chemical compounds of which nicotine, solanesol, malic and citric acid were identified as potential chemicals which could be recovered and converted to value-added products. The alkaloid nicotine is popularly considered the most characteristic constituent of tobacco but nicotine is not highly addictive on its own. In consumption it most commonly appears in the forms of smoking, chewing, snuffing, or dipping tobacco. Because of the powerfully addictive properties o...

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research, 2017

Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as ... more Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most economical and most convenient method of drug delivery resulting in highest patient compliance. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have gained considerable attention due to patient compliance. Usually, elderly people experience difficulty in swallowing the conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions and suspensions because of tremors of extremities and dysphagia. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. One such problem can be solved in the novel drug delivery system by formulating “Fast dissolving tablets” (FDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrant or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. The review de...

Oral route of drug delivery is the most preferred r oute of the various drug molecules among all ... more Oral route of drug delivery is the most preferred r oute of the various drug molecules among all other routes of dr ug delivery because of ease of administration, patient complian ce, and flexible design of dosage form [1]. Drug release is the process by which a drug leaves a drug product and is subjec ted to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, eventually to becoming available for pharmacological action [2]. Now a day’s conventional dosage forms of drugs are rapidl y being replaced by the new and the novel drug delivery sys tem . Amongst, these the controlled release/sustained rel eas dosage forms have become extremely popular in modern thera peutics. Matrix system is the release system which prolongs and controls the release of the drug, which is dissolve d or dispersed[3]. The conventional dosage forms are rapidly replaced by this novel controlled release technique s. The terms Sustained release, prolonged release, modified rele as , extended release or depot formu...

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2015

Novel drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists ... more Novel drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists acquire a better understanding of the physicochemical and bio-chemical parameters pertinent to their performance. Despite tremendous advancements in drug delivery, the oral route remains the perfect route for the administration. Novel drug delivery system assists to achieve better patient compliance. Fast dissolving tablets are one of them.FDT have benefits such as accurate dosing, easy portability and manufacturing, good physical and chemical stability and an ideal alternative for pediatric and geriatric patients. FDDT formulation combines the advantage of both liquid and conventional tablet formulation while also offering advantage over both traditional dosage forms. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds, and are true fast- dissolving tablets. Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity, and are m...

Journal Of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 2005

A 44-year old female presented with locally advanced breast cancer that had been treated with neo... more A 44-year old female presented with locally advanced breast cancer that had been treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by modified radical mastectomy and thereafter three cycles of paclitaxel. She presented with severe refractory headache that was unresponsive to oral analgesics including morphine. Both CT and MRI scans with contrast were normal, however her cerebrospinal fluid was positive for malignant cells. The patient's headache responded to whole brain radiotherapy.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2004

We present the principle of the dnaSET, a novel device for single-molecule sequence analysis of D... more We present the principle of the dnaSET, a novel device for single-molecule sequence analysis of DNA strands. The central idea is to measure the variations in current through a single electron transistor (SET) as a target DNA molecule slithers through a nanoeye integrated between the SET's floating island and gate. We present a basic but illustrative simulation of the operation, and the results therefrom lead us to conclude that the dnaSET has a singlenucleotide resolution that enables it to read off the individual bases in a DNA strand. The versatility of this idea makes it suitable for incorporation in other bio-assay tools, and thus the dna/proteinSET promises to be a powerful direct sensing device for a wide range of applications.

EVALUATION, 2010

Shampooing is the most common form of hair treatment. Shampoos are primarily been products aimed ... more Shampooing is the most common form of hair treatment. Shampoos are primarily been products aimed at cleansing the hair and scalp. In the present scenario, it seems improbable that herbal shampoo, although better in performance and safer than the synthetic ones, ...

This study evaluated the incidence of foetal wastage in cattle slaughtered at Abak slaughter hous... more This study evaluated the incidence of foetal wastage in cattle slaughtered at Abak slaughter house, Akwa- Ibom State and its economic implications. Out of a total of 4695 cattle slaughtered during the four years period (2005- 2008) of this study, 1620 (34.50%) were females and 3075 (65.50%) were males. The study revealed an incidence rate ranging from 16.09 - 30.49% (average 22.40%) over the period of study. A total of 349 foetuses were wasted during the study period. Financial losses accrued from the foetuses wasted were within the range of 20, 940, 000 - 29, 665,000 ($126,144 - $178,704).The study advocates that the practice of foetal wastage due to the slaughter of pregnant cows should be discouraged so that the demand for beef is met. For this to be achieved there must be legislation against slaughtering of pregnant animals and this should be enforced strictly. At ante-mortem inspection all pregnant animals should not be allowed into the slaughter hall. The livestock farmers and...

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2013

Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Tobacco is an agricultural... more Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana.In Indian agriculture, tobacco has a prominent place. Tobacco could be developed as an important food crop in combination with its traditional use for smoking and chewing. Tobacco plants are also used in plant bioengineering, and some of the more than 70 species are grown as ornamentals. The chemistry of tobacco is unique with the presence of a wide spectrum of chemical compounds of which nicotine, solanesol, malic and citric acid were identified as potential chemicals which could be recovered and converted to value-added products. The alkaloid nicotine is popularly considered the most characteristic constituent of tobacco but nicotine is not highly addictive on its own. In consumption it most commonly appears in the forms of smoking, chewing, snuffing, or dipping tobacco. Because of the powerfully addictive properties o...

International Journal of Recent Advances in Science and Technology, 2016

Drug delivery is a process that includes dosage form and route of administration. It refers to pr... more Drug delivery is a process that includes dosage form and route of administration. It refers to procedures or approaches for transporting pharmaceutical compound in the body safely to achieve its therapeutic effect. The Parenteral drug delivery system is the most common and efficient for delivery of active drug substances with poor bio-availability and the drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Though parenteral administration of drug is often critical and associated with problems such as limited number of acceptable excipients, stringent requirements of aseptic production process, safety issues, and patient noncompliance. Still this route maintains its value due to special advantages like quicker onset of action in case of emergency; target the drug quickly to desired site of action, prevention of first pass metabolism etc. The application of advanced drug delivery technology to parenteral administration lead to development of SLNs, liposomes, niosomes, lipid nano dispersions etc. t...

International Journal of Recent Advances in Science and Technology, 2015

From Vedic period countries like India and Nepal are using crude plants as medicine. In Developin... more From Vedic period countries like India and Nepal are using crude plants as medicine. In Developing Countries a major portion of the total population still uses the traditional medicines which are obtained through the plant resources. According to the estimation of WHO that 80% of world population of the rural areas are dependent over the herbal traditional medicines as their primary health care, thus the study on the properties and uses of these natural medicinal plants resources are getting interest for the area of research. These medicinal plants are rich in the secondary metabolites, which are considered as the rich sources of the drugs and essential oils of therapeutic importance. One such plant of interest is Ocium Tenuiflorum also known as Ocimum sanctum, Holi Basil, or Tulasi. Traditionally used since the times of ancient civilization in India and called as the “Queen of Herbs”. It contains 7.0% eugenol, carvacrol (3%) and eugenol-methyl ether (20%). It also contains caryophy...

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2013

Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Tobacco is an agricultural... more Since ancient times, plants have been an exemplary source of medicine. Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana.In Indian agriculture, tobacco has a prominent place. Tobacco could be developed as an important food crop in combination with its traditional use for smoking and chewing. Tobacco plants are also used in plant bioengineering, and some of the more than 70 species are grown as ornamentals. The chemistry of tobacco is unique with the presence of a wide spectrum of chemical compounds of which nicotine, solanesol, malic and citric acid were identified as potential chemicals which could be recovered and converted to value-added products. The alkaloid nicotine is popularly considered the most characteristic constituent of tobacco but nicotine is not highly addictive on its own. In consumption it most commonly appears in the forms of smoking, chewing, snuffing, or dipping tobacco. Because of the powerfully addictive properties o...

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research, 2017

Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as ... more Oral route is presently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most economical and most convenient method of drug delivery resulting in highest patient compliance. Over the past three decades, orally disintegrating tablets (FDTs) have gained considerable attention due to patient compliance. Usually, elderly people experience difficulty in swallowing the conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, solutions and suspensions because of tremors of extremities and dysphagia. In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden episodes of allergic attack or coughing, and an unavailability of water, swallowing conventional tablets may be difficult. One such problem can be solved in the novel drug delivery system by formulating “Fast dissolving tablets” (FDTs) which disintegrates or dissolves rapidly without water within few seconds in the mouth due to the action of superdisintegrant or maximizing pore structure in the formulation. The review de...

Oral route of drug delivery is the most preferred r oute of the various drug molecules among all ... more Oral route of drug delivery is the most preferred r oute of the various drug molecules among all other routes of dr ug delivery because of ease of administration, patient complian ce, and flexible design of dosage form [1]. Drug release is the process by which a drug leaves a drug product and is subjec ted to absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion, eventually to becoming available for pharmacological action [2]. Now a day’s conventional dosage forms of drugs are rapidl y being replaced by the new and the novel drug delivery sys tem . Amongst, these the controlled release/sustained rel eas dosage forms have become extremely popular in modern thera peutics. Matrix system is the release system which prolongs and controls the release of the drug, which is dissolve d or dispersed[3]. The conventional dosage forms are rapidly replaced by this novel controlled release technique s. The terms Sustained release, prolonged release, modified rele as , extended release or depot formu...

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research, 2015

Novel drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists ... more Novel drug delivery systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated as pharmaceutical scientists acquire a better understanding of the physicochemical and bio-chemical parameters pertinent to their performance. Despite tremendous advancements in drug delivery, the oral route remains the perfect route for the administration. Novel drug delivery system assists to achieve better patient compliance. Fast dissolving tablets are one of them.FDT have benefits such as accurate dosing, easy portability and manufacturing, good physical and chemical stability and an ideal alternative for pediatric and geriatric patients. FDDT formulation combines the advantage of both liquid and conventional tablet formulation while also offering advantage over both traditional dosage forms. Some tablets are designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within a few seconds, and are true fast- dissolving tablets. Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity, and are m...

Journal Of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 2005

A 44-year old female presented with locally advanced breast cancer that had been treated with neo... more A 44-year old female presented with locally advanced breast cancer that had been treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by modified radical mastectomy and thereafter three cycles of paclitaxel. She presented with severe refractory headache that was unresponsive to oral analgesics including morphine. Both CT and MRI scans with contrast were normal, however her cerebrospinal fluid was positive for malignant cells. The patient's headache responded to whole brain radiotherapy.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2004

We present the principle of the dnaSET, a novel device for single-molecule sequence analysis of D... more We present the principle of the dnaSET, a novel device for single-molecule sequence analysis of DNA strands. The central idea is to measure the variations in current through a single electron transistor (SET) as a target DNA molecule slithers through a nanoeye integrated between the SET's floating island and gate. We present a basic but illustrative simulation of the operation, and the results therefrom lead us to conclude that the dnaSET has a singlenucleotide resolution that enables it to read off the individual bases in a DNA strand. The versatility of this idea makes it suitable for incorporation in other bio-assay tools, and thus the dna/proteinSET promises to be a powerful direct sensing device for a wide range of applications.

EVALUATION, 2010

Shampooing is the most common form of hair treatment. Shampoos are primarily been products aimed ... more Shampooing is the most common form of hair treatment. Shampoos are primarily been products aimed at cleansing the hair and scalp. In the present scenario, it seems improbable that herbal shampoo, although better in performance and safer than the synthetic ones, ...