Ralph Katz - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Ralph Katz
Cancer Control, Oct 1, 2008
Background: In the United States, blacks and Hispanics have lower cancer screening rates than whi... more Background: In the United States, blacks and Hispanics have lower cancer screening rates than whites have. Studies on the screening behaviors of minorities are increasing, but few focus on the factors that contribute to this discrepancy. This study presents the self-reported willingness by blacks, Puerto Rican Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites to participate in cancer screenings in differing cancer screening situations. Methods: The Cancer Screening Questionnaire (CSQ), a 60-item questionnaire, was administered via random-digit-dial telephone interviews to adults in three cities:
Objective: The goal of this Delphi survey was to obtain the opinion of the chief/head administrat... more Objective: The goal of this Delphi survey was to obtain the opinion of the chief/head administrators of nationally recognized award-winning Long-Term Care (LTC) nursing homes in the U.S. regarding previously established Oral Neglect in Institutionalized Elderly (ONiIE) timelines. Results: Only two of the 56 invited expert panelists completed Round 1 of this ONiIE Delphi survey, despite the use of several methodologic approaches to facilitate their participation. Despite their impeccable credentials as dedicated, highly accomplished administrators of LTC nursing facilities across the U.S., this pool of potential chief/head LTC administrators panelists (unlike previously surveyed national expert panels of other key stakeholders, such as academic geriatric dentists, physician and nurses) abrogated their professional responsibility to the vulnerable elderly under their care by, essentially, refusing to participate in this survey, i.e., by refusing to 'voice their opinion' as one key stakeholder in this much needed discussion.
Journal of the American Dental Association, Apr 1, 1982
A pilot dental care program for senior citizens provided low-income persons with an 80-20 cost-sh... more A pilot dental care program for senior citizens provided low-income persons with an 80-20 cost-sharing dental insurance plan for two years. Analysis of the data shows differences between users and nonusers, patterns of use, and differences in cost-utilization ratios for the various dental services.
Cancer, Jun 15, 1990
All cases of oral cancer (N = 9708) recorded by the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1935 to 1985 ... more All cases of oral cancer (N = 9708) recorded by the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1935 to 1985 were analyzed for time-trend patterns within 10-year age-groups. Crude, age-specific, age-adjusted incidence rates and birth cohort analyses were calculated. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate was 12.9/100,000 for men and 2.9/100,000 for women (1970 US standard million population). The male age-adjusted incidence rate decreased 33% from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. The female age-adjusted incidence rate exhibited a threefold steady increase over this same time period. The male/female ratio for oral cancer incidence declined dramatically from 10.4 to 2.7 for the age-adjusted rate, nearly a fourfold decrease during the 51- year period. Birth cohort analyses for women indicated a marked increase in oral cancer incidence for the birth cohort of 1900, which was sustained in the birth cohorts that followed. Birth cohort analyses for men revealed a decline in oral cancer incidence for birth cohorts born after 1910. The highest incidence rates were found in the urban counties and the lowest in the rural areas.
Journal of the American Dental Association, Jun 1, 1990
and Minnesota-responded to a questionnaire in 1988 by completing a detailed productivity report o... more and Minnesota-responded to a questionnaire in 1988 by completing a detailed productivity report of patient services performed during a specified period. The results, based on 11,909 patient visits and 22,712 dental procedures, indicated that stereotypes of older adults as underutilizers of dental care are incorrect. This finding and others, detailed within this article, indicate that older adults make up a substantial portion of regular patients and that their utilization of dental services should increase throughout 1990.
American Journal of Epidemiology, Nov 15, 1998
This case-control study investigated risk factors for enamel fluorosis in optimally fluoridated c... more This case-control study investigated risk factors for enamel fluorosis in optimally fluoridated children, born after the US infant formula industry voluntarily reduced the fluoride content of their products. Analysis was performed on 233 children, aged 10-14 years. Case-control status was determined using the Fluorosis Risk Index (FRI). Risk factor exposure was ascertained via a mailed questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses revealed a strong association between mild-to-moderate enamel fluorosis on early forming (FRI classification I) enamel surfaces and both fluoride supplement use (odds ratio (OR) = 5.95, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.06-33.53), and early fluoride toothpaste use (OR = 6.35, 95% Cl 1.21-33.40). The authors found a suggestive, but nonsignificant, association between fluorosis on these enamel surfaces and infant formula in the form of powdered concentrate (OR = 4.33, 95% Cl 0.73-25.66). There was a strong association between mild-to-moderate fluorosis on later forming (FRI classification II) enamel surfaces and infant formula use in the form of powdered concentrate (OR = 10.77, 95% Cl 1.89-61.25), fluoride supplement use (OR = 10.83, 95% Cl 1.90-61.55), and early fluoride toothpaste use (OR = 8.37, 95% Cl 1.68-41.72). No association was observed between the use of ready to feed infant formula and enamel fluorosis.
American Journal of Epidemiology, Jun 1, 2005
Objective: The purpose of this Cancer Screening Study analysis was to determine if there are diff... more Objective: The purpose of this Cancer Screening Study analysis was to determine if there are differences in self-reported willingness to participate in cancer screenings between Puerto-Rican (PR) Hispanics, Blacks and Whites under four different scenarios. Methods: The Cancer Screening Questionnaire, a 60 item questionnaire, was administered via random-digit dial telephone interviews to adults in three cities: New York City, NY; Baltimore, MD; and San Juan, PR. Respondents were asked ‘How likely are you to participate in a cancer screening if’ under four scenarios which differed on the following circumstances: 1) your own MD told you to get a cancer screening exam given you had symptoms; 2) routine annual cancer screening exam by own MD given you had no symptoms; 3) some community group offers a free cancer screening exam and you had symptoms; and , 4) some community group offers a free cancer screening exam and you have no symptoms. Results: A total of 1,148 interviews were completed (27.1 % PR Hispanics, 30.9% Blacks, and 42.0%Whites). CASRO response rates for the three cities were 58%, 51% and 45% for San Juan, Baltimore and New York City, respectively, with an overall completion rate of 82.6%. Based on the % responding “Very Likely”, each racial/ethnic group ranked the 4 scenarios as 1st:‘own MD, with symptoms’ (92–93%), 2nd: ‘community event, with symptoms’ (47–71%), 3rd: ‘own MD, no symptoms’ (44–50%), and 4th:‘community event, no symptoms’ (23–45%) with PR Hispanics being the most willing under each scenario (p ≤ .000, using Rao-Scott 2 for the weighted stratified analyses) for scenario9s #2–4. For the three scenarios with overall statistical significance (scenarios #2–4 above, 7 of the 9 two-way contrasts by racial/ethnic groups were statistically significant (p ≤ .05) with a clear pattern revealing that Puerto Rican Hispanics and Blacks were very similar, and both were more willing than Whites to participate in cancer screenings. The largest impact on % “Very Likely” responses was observed for the specific circumstance of either ‘having or not having a symptom’: 37% vs 45% , 37 vs 48%, and 50% vs 52% reductions in Very Likely responses for the two scenarios, either community events or one9s own MD (respectively), for PR Hispanics, Blacks and Whites, respectively. Parallel analyses revealed a lesser impact of 23% vs 11%, 28% vs 13%, and 49% vs 47% for the circumstance of ‘who’ was offering the cancer screening for PR Hispanics, Blacks and Whites, respectively. Conclusions: While PR Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites each ranked the four scenarios in the same order, these findings provide strong evidence that circumstance specific differences exist between the three racial/ethnic groups, namely that: 1) within each scenario, Puerto-Rican Hispanics and Blacks were equally willing to participate in cancer screenings cancer, and both were more willing than Whites; 2) for all 3 racial/ethnic groups ‘having symptoms’ was the more critical factor, followed by ‘who’ was offering the cancer screening exam; and 3) both PR Hispanics and Blacks, as compared to Whites, showed a much larger differential between the impact of ‘symptom’, as compared to the impact of ‘who gives the cancer screening exam’, on their willingness to participate in cancer screenings.
PubMed, Aug 1, 1978
Recent research has shown that the actual capability of physical medicine and rehabilitation unit... more Recent research has shown that the actual capability of physical medicine and rehabilitation units to provide oral health services is less than the need as perceived by rehabilitation administrators. Three cases have been selected to illustrate the nature and diversity of health benefits that can be provided by a complete oral health service which focuses on rehabilitation patients. The advantages of offering a comprehensive oral health service include not only improvement of the oral health of the patient but also often directly aids the patients' achievement of overall rehabilitation goals. Furthermore, by synergistic interaction with the other rehabilitation disciplines, an oral health service can appreciably enhance the quality and the scope of the rehabilitation program itself. Additionally, a new adaptive device for oral grasping, designed for use by patients who lack the use of their upper extremities, is illustrated. The device is intended to provide the patient with a range of functions including recreational participation in board games as well as vocational activities which require the lifting or grasping of objects.
Journal of Dental Research, 1996
PubMed, Sep 1, 1991
Clinical researchers seek to eliminate specific subject attributes from becoming confounding vari... more Clinical researchers seek to eliminate specific subject attributes from becoming confounding variables to distinguish a treatment effect from an underlying patient effect. In prospective studies, the random assignment of subjects into experimental groups results in the equal distribution of subject attributes, thereby eliminating them as confounding variables. Retrospective study designs, often used in prosthodontics research, preclude the random assignment of subjects. This article describes the application of a standard research design that combines the use of intersubject and intrasubject controls to compensate for the potential imbalance in subject attributes in retrospective clinical studies. This approach should help prevent clinical investigators from declaring differences between experimental groups when, in fact, no differences exist.
PubMed, Aug 24, 2006
The purposes of this pilot study were: 1. to compare two methods of teaching dental anatomy-CD + ... more The purposes of this pilot study were: 1. to compare two methods of teaching dental anatomy-CD + lab vs. standard lecture + lab; and 2. to determine whether actively chewing gum during lecture, lab and studying would have an effect on learning. Only the written examination average scores for the gum vs. no gum chewing groups showed differences that appear to be educationally meaningful, though not statistically significant because of the limited number of subjects in this pilot study. This pilot study suggests that: 1. the cost-effective method of using a self-study CD is as educationally effective as a standard lecture; 2. gum chewing resulted in higher scores in the written examination; and 3. future, full-sized studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.
Journal of Dental Education, Jun 1, 2011
The purpose of this project was to describe dental students' use of lecture podcasts versus writt... more The purpose of this project was to describe dental students' use of lecture podcasts versus written lecture transcripts as learning aids under three different circumstances: studying for an exam, reviewing an attended lecture, and reviewing a missed lecture. Additional analyses were performed to see whether demographic differences (e.g., age, gender, language skills, and computer skills) or grade differences were associated with preferences for using podcast versus written lecture transcripts of class notes. Fiftyone percent (n=171) of the second-year dental students at the New York University College of Dentistry voluntarily participated in this survey. The major indings were that 1) a high percentage of students (70-92 percent) used one or both aids in all three utilization circumstances with a consistent preference for podcast use, especially when reviewing a missed lecture; 2) course grades were not associated with the preferred use of either lecture aid; and 3) over half the students listened to the podcasts at speeds that were one and one-half or two times faster than normal speech, especially younger students. Further studies are warranted to delve into the current student generation's preferred learning styles and the resultant learning outcomes associated with those preferences.
Journal of the American Dental Association, Aug 1, 1990
The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term and short-term periodontal response to thr... more The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term and short-term periodontal response to three different modalities of fixed prosthodontic tooth replacement. Posterior proximal sites adjacent to abutment teeth supporting etched metal and two designs of conventional fixed partial dentures (FPDs) were assessed 6 months to 5 years after insertion. For the long-term observation, the etched metal resin-bonded FPDs had significantly greater plaque scores than both of the conventional designs. The resin-bonded FPD group had statistically, but not clinically, significant increased probing depths than the supragingival FPD group. In spite of the increased levels of supragingival plaque associated with the etched metal FPD, this type of fixed prosthesis was no more injurious to the periodontium than the subgingival conventional FPD designs.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Feb 1, 1992
Journal of Applied Gerontology, Oct 11, 2019
The purpose of this follow-up Delphi survey was to have an expert panel of 31 academic geriatric ... more The purpose of this follow-up Delphi survey was to have an expert panel of 31 academic geriatric physicians, geriatric nurses, and medical directors of nursing homes evaluate the original timeline set to avoid oral neglect of nursing home residents. The Oral Neglect in Institutionalized Elderly (ONiIE) timelines defined oral neglect as having occurred when >7 days for acute oral diseases/conditions or >34 days for chronic oral disease/conditions had passed between initial diagnosis and offering access to dental care to the long-term care (LTC) nursing home resident. The results of this follow-up Delphi survey validated those originally defined ONiIE timelines as 90% of this panel agreed with the original timelines. This ONiIE definition adds a broad-based validation for the ONiIE timelines for setting an oral health standard of care for institutionalized elderly residents of nursing homes and should now be used to protect the vulnerable elderly residing in LTC nursing homes.
Nutrition Bulletin, Jun 1, 2008
This research project investigated the relationship between chewing gum and shortterm learning, a... more This research project investigated the relationship between chewing gum and shortterm learning, as prior studies had reported conflicting results. Incoming first-year dental students were assigned by stratified randomisation to either a group who chewed gum during lectures and examinations or a group that did not chew gum. The research subjects listened to a taped lecture on dental anatomy and then completed two examinations: (1) a test of specific knowledge which was a multiplechoice test on the dental anatomy lecture material; and (2) a test of generalised knowledge which was a standardised reading comprehension exam. Statistical analysis of the results showed that in a group of graduate students with a history of high academic performance, there was no difference in learning between research subjects who chewed gum compared with those who did not chew gum, as measured by performance on either test.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 2005
Cancer Control, Oct 1, 2008
Background: In the United States, blacks and Hispanics have lower cancer screening rates than whi... more Background: In the United States, blacks and Hispanics have lower cancer screening rates than whites have. Studies on the screening behaviors of minorities are increasing, but few focus on the factors that contribute to this discrepancy. This study presents the self-reported willingness by blacks, Puerto Rican Hispanics, and non-Hispanic whites to participate in cancer screenings in differing cancer screening situations. Methods: The Cancer Screening Questionnaire (CSQ), a 60-item questionnaire, was administered via random-digit-dial telephone interviews to adults in three cities:
Objective: The goal of this Delphi survey was to obtain the opinion of the chief/head administrat... more Objective: The goal of this Delphi survey was to obtain the opinion of the chief/head administrators of nationally recognized award-winning Long-Term Care (LTC) nursing homes in the U.S. regarding previously established Oral Neglect in Institutionalized Elderly (ONiIE) timelines. Results: Only two of the 56 invited expert panelists completed Round 1 of this ONiIE Delphi survey, despite the use of several methodologic approaches to facilitate their participation. Despite their impeccable credentials as dedicated, highly accomplished administrators of LTC nursing facilities across the U.S., this pool of potential chief/head LTC administrators panelists (unlike previously surveyed national expert panels of other key stakeholders, such as academic geriatric dentists, physician and nurses) abrogated their professional responsibility to the vulnerable elderly under their care by, essentially, refusing to participate in this survey, i.e., by refusing to 'voice their opinion' as one key stakeholder in this much needed discussion.
Journal of the American Dental Association, Apr 1, 1982
A pilot dental care program for senior citizens provided low-income persons with an 80-20 cost-sh... more A pilot dental care program for senior citizens provided low-income persons with an 80-20 cost-sharing dental insurance plan for two years. Analysis of the data shows differences between users and nonusers, patterns of use, and differences in cost-utilization ratios for the various dental services.
Cancer, Jun 15, 1990
All cases of oral cancer (N = 9708) recorded by the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1935 to 1985 ... more All cases of oral cancer (N = 9708) recorded by the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1935 to 1985 were analyzed for time-trend patterns within 10-year age-groups. Crude, age-specific, age-adjusted incidence rates and birth cohort analyses were calculated. The average annual age-adjusted incidence rate was 12.9/100,000 for men and 2.9/100,000 for women (1970 US standard million population). The male age-adjusted incidence rate decreased 33% from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. The female age-adjusted incidence rate exhibited a threefold steady increase over this same time period. The male/female ratio for oral cancer incidence declined dramatically from 10.4 to 2.7 for the age-adjusted rate, nearly a fourfold decrease during the 51- year period. Birth cohort analyses for women indicated a marked increase in oral cancer incidence for the birth cohort of 1900, which was sustained in the birth cohorts that followed. Birth cohort analyses for men revealed a decline in oral cancer incidence for birth cohorts born after 1910. The highest incidence rates were found in the urban counties and the lowest in the rural areas.
Journal of the American Dental Association, Jun 1, 1990
and Minnesota-responded to a questionnaire in 1988 by completing a detailed productivity report o... more and Minnesota-responded to a questionnaire in 1988 by completing a detailed productivity report of patient services performed during a specified period. The results, based on 11,909 patient visits and 22,712 dental procedures, indicated that stereotypes of older adults as underutilizers of dental care are incorrect. This finding and others, detailed within this article, indicate that older adults make up a substantial portion of regular patients and that their utilization of dental services should increase throughout 1990.
American Journal of Epidemiology, Nov 15, 1998
This case-control study investigated risk factors for enamel fluorosis in optimally fluoridated c... more This case-control study investigated risk factors for enamel fluorosis in optimally fluoridated children, born after the US infant formula industry voluntarily reduced the fluoride content of their products. Analysis was performed on 233 children, aged 10-14 years. Case-control status was determined using the Fluorosis Risk Index (FRI). Risk factor exposure was ascertained via a mailed questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses revealed a strong association between mild-to-moderate enamel fluorosis on early forming (FRI classification I) enamel surfaces and both fluoride supplement use (odds ratio (OR) = 5.95, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.06-33.53), and early fluoride toothpaste use (OR = 6.35, 95% Cl 1.21-33.40). The authors found a suggestive, but nonsignificant, association between fluorosis on these enamel surfaces and infant formula in the form of powdered concentrate (OR = 4.33, 95% Cl 0.73-25.66). There was a strong association between mild-to-moderate fluorosis on later forming (FRI classification II) enamel surfaces and infant formula use in the form of powdered concentrate (OR = 10.77, 95% Cl 1.89-61.25), fluoride supplement use (OR = 10.83, 95% Cl 1.90-61.55), and early fluoride toothpaste use (OR = 8.37, 95% Cl 1.68-41.72). No association was observed between the use of ready to feed infant formula and enamel fluorosis.
American Journal of Epidemiology, Jun 1, 2005
Objective: The purpose of this Cancer Screening Study analysis was to determine if there are diff... more Objective: The purpose of this Cancer Screening Study analysis was to determine if there are differences in self-reported willingness to participate in cancer screenings between Puerto-Rican (PR) Hispanics, Blacks and Whites under four different scenarios. Methods: The Cancer Screening Questionnaire, a 60 item questionnaire, was administered via random-digit dial telephone interviews to adults in three cities: New York City, NY; Baltimore, MD; and San Juan, PR. Respondents were asked ‘How likely are you to participate in a cancer screening if’ under four scenarios which differed on the following circumstances: 1) your own MD told you to get a cancer screening exam given you had symptoms; 2) routine annual cancer screening exam by own MD given you had no symptoms; 3) some community group offers a free cancer screening exam and you had symptoms; and , 4) some community group offers a free cancer screening exam and you have no symptoms. Results: A total of 1,148 interviews were completed (27.1 % PR Hispanics, 30.9% Blacks, and 42.0%Whites). CASRO response rates for the three cities were 58%, 51% and 45% for San Juan, Baltimore and New York City, respectively, with an overall completion rate of 82.6%. Based on the % responding “Very Likely”, each racial/ethnic group ranked the 4 scenarios as 1st:‘own MD, with symptoms’ (92–93%), 2nd: ‘community event, with symptoms’ (47–71%), 3rd: ‘own MD, no symptoms’ (44–50%), and 4th:‘community event, no symptoms’ (23–45%) with PR Hispanics being the most willing under each scenario (p ≤ .000, using Rao-Scott 2 for the weighted stratified analyses) for scenario9s #2–4. For the three scenarios with overall statistical significance (scenarios #2–4 above, 7 of the 9 two-way contrasts by racial/ethnic groups were statistically significant (p ≤ .05) with a clear pattern revealing that Puerto Rican Hispanics and Blacks were very similar, and both were more willing than Whites to participate in cancer screenings. The largest impact on % “Very Likely” responses was observed for the specific circumstance of either ‘having or not having a symptom’: 37% vs 45% , 37 vs 48%, and 50% vs 52% reductions in Very Likely responses for the two scenarios, either community events or one9s own MD (respectively), for PR Hispanics, Blacks and Whites, respectively. Parallel analyses revealed a lesser impact of 23% vs 11%, 28% vs 13%, and 49% vs 47% for the circumstance of ‘who’ was offering the cancer screening for PR Hispanics, Blacks and Whites, respectively. Conclusions: While PR Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites each ranked the four scenarios in the same order, these findings provide strong evidence that circumstance specific differences exist between the three racial/ethnic groups, namely that: 1) within each scenario, Puerto-Rican Hispanics and Blacks were equally willing to participate in cancer screenings cancer, and both were more willing than Whites; 2) for all 3 racial/ethnic groups ‘having symptoms’ was the more critical factor, followed by ‘who’ was offering the cancer screening exam; and 3) both PR Hispanics and Blacks, as compared to Whites, showed a much larger differential between the impact of ‘symptom’, as compared to the impact of ‘who gives the cancer screening exam’, on their willingness to participate in cancer screenings.
PubMed, Aug 1, 1978
Recent research has shown that the actual capability of physical medicine and rehabilitation unit... more Recent research has shown that the actual capability of physical medicine and rehabilitation units to provide oral health services is less than the need as perceived by rehabilitation administrators. Three cases have been selected to illustrate the nature and diversity of health benefits that can be provided by a complete oral health service which focuses on rehabilitation patients. The advantages of offering a comprehensive oral health service include not only improvement of the oral health of the patient but also often directly aids the patients' achievement of overall rehabilitation goals. Furthermore, by synergistic interaction with the other rehabilitation disciplines, an oral health service can appreciably enhance the quality and the scope of the rehabilitation program itself. Additionally, a new adaptive device for oral grasping, designed for use by patients who lack the use of their upper extremities, is illustrated. The device is intended to provide the patient with a range of functions including recreational participation in board games as well as vocational activities which require the lifting or grasping of objects.
Journal of Dental Research, 1996
PubMed, Sep 1, 1991
Clinical researchers seek to eliminate specific subject attributes from becoming confounding vari... more Clinical researchers seek to eliminate specific subject attributes from becoming confounding variables to distinguish a treatment effect from an underlying patient effect. In prospective studies, the random assignment of subjects into experimental groups results in the equal distribution of subject attributes, thereby eliminating them as confounding variables. Retrospective study designs, often used in prosthodontics research, preclude the random assignment of subjects. This article describes the application of a standard research design that combines the use of intersubject and intrasubject controls to compensate for the potential imbalance in subject attributes in retrospective clinical studies. This approach should help prevent clinical investigators from declaring differences between experimental groups when, in fact, no differences exist.
PubMed, Aug 24, 2006
The purposes of this pilot study were: 1. to compare two methods of teaching dental anatomy-CD + ... more The purposes of this pilot study were: 1. to compare two methods of teaching dental anatomy-CD + lab vs. standard lecture + lab; and 2. to determine whether actively chewing gum during lecture, lab and studying would have an effect on learning. Only the written examination average scores for the gum vs. no gum chewing groups showed differences that appear to be educationally meaningful, though not statistically significant because of the limited number of subjects in this pilot study. This pilot study suggests that: 1. the cost-effective method of using a self-study CD is as educationally effective as a standard lecture; 2. gum chewing resulted in higher scores in the written examination; and 3. future, full-sized studies should be conducted to confirm these findings.
Journal of Dental Education, Jun 1, 2011
The purpose of this project was to describe dental students' use of lecture podcasts versus writt... more The purpose of this project was to describe dental students' use of lecture podcasts versus written lecture transcripts as learning aids under three different circumstances: studying for an exam, reviewing an attended lecture, and reviewing a missed lecture. Additional analyses were performed to see whether demographic differences (e.g., age, gender, language skills, and computer skills) or grade differences were associated with preferences for using podcast versus written lecture transcripts of class notes. Fiftyone percent (n=171) of the second-year dental students at the New York University College of Dentistry voluntarily participated in this survey. The major indings were that 1) a high percentage of students (70-92 percent) used one or both aids in all three utilization circumstances with a consistent preference for podcast use, especially when reviewing a missed lecture; 2) course grades were not associated with the preferred use of either lecture aid; and 3) over half the students listened to the podcasts at speeds that were one and one-half or two times faster than normal speech, especially younger students. Further studies are warranted to delve into the current student generation's preferred learning styles and the resultant learning outcomes associated with those preferences.
Journal of the American Dental Association, Aug 1, 1990
The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term and short-term periodontal response to thr... more The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term and short-term periodontal response to three different modalities of fixed prosthodontic tooth replacement. Posterior proximal sites adjacent to abutment teeth supporting etched metal and two designs of conventional fixed partial dentures (FPDs) were assessed 6 months to 5 years after insertion. For the long-term observation, the etched metal resin-bonded FPDs had significantly greater plaque scores than both of the conventional designs. The resin-bonded FPD group had statistically, but not clinically, significant increased probing depths than the supragingival FPD group. In spite of the increased levels of supragingival plaque associated with the etched metal FPD, this type of fixed prosthesis was no more injurious to the periodontium than the subgingival conventional FPD designs.
Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Feb 1, 1992
Journal of Applied Gerontology, Oct 11, 2019
The purpose of this follow-up Delphi survey was to have an expert panel of 31 academic geriatric ... more The purpose of this follow-up Delphi survey was to have an expert panel of 31 academic geriatric physicians, geriatric nurses, and medical directors of nursing homes evaluate the original timeline set to avoid oral neglect of nursing home residents. The Oral Neglect in Institutionalized Elderly (ONiIE) timelines defined oral neglect as having occurred when >7 days for acute oral diseases/conditions or >34 days for chronic oral disease/conditions had passed between initial diagnosis and offering access to dental care to the long-term care (LTC) nursing home resident. The results of this follow-up Delphi survey validated those originally defined ONiIE timelines as 90% of this panel agreed with the original timelines. This ONiIE definition adds a broad-based validation for the ONiIE timelines for setting an oral health standard of care for institutionalized elderly residents of nursing homes and should now be used to protect the vulnerable elderly residing in LTC nursing homes.
Nutrition Bulletin, Jun 1, 2008
This research project investigated the relationship between chewing gum and shortterm learning, a... more This research project investigated the relationship between chewing gum and shortterm learning, as prior studies had reported conflicting results. Incoming first-year dental students were assigned by stratified randomisation to either a group who chewed gum during lectures and examinations or a group that did not chew gum. The research subjects listened to a taped lecture on dental anatomy and then completed two examinations: (1) a test of specific knowledge which was a multiplechoice test on the dental anatomy lecture material; and (2) a test of generalised knowledge which was a standardised reading comprehension exam. Statistical analysis of the results showed that in a group of graduate students with a history of high academic performance, there was no difference in learning between research subjects who chewed gum compared with those who did not chew gum, as measured by performance on either test.
Journal of the American Dental Association, 2005