Ralph Stewart - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ralph Stewart

University Microfilms eBooks, 1964

Recreational Sports Journal, Oct 1, 1992

Taxon, Feb 1, 1982

Until recent years in India the Central Government only supported a few botanists who served in t... more Until recent years in India the Central Government only supported a few botanists who served in the Botanical Survey of India. Pakistan does not have a Botanical Survey and has only one botanist who is in charge of the new National Herbarium. A large amount of the plant collecting which was done in India from the days of the East India Company to the present was the work of amateurs living in India or by foreigners of many nations. The only history in which one can find the names of many of these workers is that of Isaac H. Burkill (1870-1965), who served in the Indian Forest Service for many years and was the first to publish a checklist of the plants of Baluchistan in 1909. Unfortunately he intentionally stopped his history at 1900, omitting hundreds of names of people who worked after that date. Only a few references to events after 1900 slipped in. His history entitled "Chapters on the history of botany in India" was published in parts in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 1957-63, and in 1965 was published in book form by the Botanical Survey of India in Calcutta. It is a mine of information but the ore is often so scattered that it is hard to find. It is surprising how many people in India were interested in plant collecting, even in the early days, while the East India Company was in control i.e, before 1857. The Company may only have been interested in ways of making money, but many of their servants were interested in the languages, religions, customs, architecture and natural history of the country in which they lived for longer or shorter periods. Burkill was very much interested in the large number of Army officers, including some generals and the large numbers of medical men who were among the collectors. As I collected the names of authors and collectors who have worked in the Indo-Pak sub-continent I was interested to see that missionaries and clergymen had also done a great deal of work, no doubt because I had been on the staff of a missionary college in Rawalpindi from 1911 to 1%0 when I retired as Principal Emeritus. For many years the East India Company would not allow missionaries in their territories, fearing that their subjects would resent their presence. Because of this the first missionaries in India entered Danish territory with the permission of the King of Denmark, first at Tranquebar on the Coromandel Coast of South India, not far from Madras, and then at Serampore, near Calcutta, where three English Baptists, Carey, Marshman and Ward established a printing press and a college and where Carey started a horticultural garden where he could test plants. South India Modern botany first gained a foothold in India at Tranquebar through Johan Gerhard Koenig (1728-1784) a missionary surgeon. He was born in Courland, between Poland and Russia and studied botany in Sweden under Linnaeus. He was sent to the Danish settlement on the east coast of India near Madras as surgeon and natu

Journal of physical education, recreation & dance, Mar 1, 1985

Recreational Sports Journal, Oct 1, 1984

A survey of intramural-recreational sports directors in universities with 15,000 or more students... more A survey of intramural-recreational sports directors in universities with 15,000 or more students enrolled, which was taken during the summer of 1983, provides information about the current status and indices of trends in the administration, financing, and programs in large universities. A questionnaire was sent to 124 institutions and 117 responded, a return percentage of 94.4. DIRECTOR OF INTRAMURAL-RECREATIONAL SPORTS The title of the person responsible for the intramural-recreational sports pro ram most often used than to a dean, director, or 4. Mull, Richard F. "A survey bf Intramural Programs of Colleges and Universities."

Ralph Kirkton's "History", written in the 1690s, is effectively a history of Scotla... more Ralph Kirkton's "History", written in the 1690s, is effectively a history of Scotland as a whole, from the Restoration of Charles II to the defeat of the Presbyterians at Bothwell Bridge in 1679. Kirkton, a Presbyterian minister who continued to preach in defiance of the government and under threat of execution, writes vividly of the events he's caught up in. He shrewdly assesses the personalities and motives of many influential figures, such as Gilbert Burnet, Lord Stair, and the Duke of Lauderdale. He is fair-minded and balanced in considering the problems of the Restoration government, and a sophisticated and reliable interpreter of this turbulent period. The only previous edition of his history, from 1817, is not generally available. The present edition has an introduction setting the book in its contemporary context and explaining why it was influential but frequently misinterpreted; and it provides brief notes to identify many characters who appear in the "History".

Background: Assessing the effects of valvular heart disease on functional capacity is important f... more Background: Assessing the effects of valvular heart disease on functional capacity is important for optimal timing of surgery. Aim: To determine whether N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and lung spirometry predict maximum oxygen consumption (pVO2) on cardio-pulmonary exercise testing in patients with mixed heart valve disease. Methods: Forty-five clinically stable patients with moderate-severe stenosis and/or regurgitation of the aortic, mitral and/or tricuspid valves were studied. The ability of echocardiography, NT-proBNP, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) to predict impaired pVO2 was determined. Results: On univariate analysis the natural logarithm of NT-proBNP explained more of the variation in pVO2 (r2 = 0.40, p < 0.0001) than valve severity score (r2 = 0.20, p = 0.002), pulmonary artery pressure (r2 = 0.21, p = 0.005), left atrial area index (r2 = 0.25, p = 0.001) or LV ejection fraction (r2 = 0.02, p = 0.4). ...

Differences in cardiovascular mortality between Australia and New Zealand according to socioecono... more Differences in cardiovascular mortality between Australia and New Zealand according to socioeconomic status:

Aims Despite the known benefits of regular exercise, the reasons why many coronary heart disease ... more Aims Despite the known benefits of regular exercise, the reasons why many coronary heart disease (CHD) patients engage in little physical activity are not well understood. This study identifies factors associated with low activity levels in individuals with chronic CHD participating in the STABILITY study, a global clinical outcomes trial evaluating the lipoprotein phospholipaseA 2 inhibitor darapladib. Methods and results Prior to randomization, 15 486 (97.8%) participants from 39 countries completed a lifestyle questionnaire. Total physical activity was estimated from individual subject self-reports of hours spend each week on mild, moderate, and vigorous exercise, corresponding approximately to 2, 4, and 8 METS, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression evaluated clinical and demographic variables for the lowest compared with higher overall exercise levels, and for individuals who decreased rather than maintained or increased activity since diagnosis of CHD. The least active 5280 subjects (34%) reported exercise of ≤24MET.h/week. A total of 7191 subjects (46%) reported less exercise compared with before diagnosis of CHD. The majority of participants were either 'not limited' or 'limited a little' walking 100 m (84%), climbing one flight of stairs (82%), or walking 1 km/ 1 2 mile (68%), and ,10% were limited 'a lot' by dyspnoea or angina. Variables independently associated with both low physical activity and decreasing exercise after diagnosis of CHD included more comorbid conditions, poorer general health, fewer years of education, race, and country (P , 0.001 for all). Conclusion In this international study, low physical activity was only partly explained by cardiovascular symptoms. Potentially modifiable societal and health system factors are important determinants of physical inactivity in patients with chronic CHD.

This article is available from

A mobile phone intervention increases physical activity in people with cardiovascular disease: Re... more A mobile phone intervention increases physical activity in people with cardiovascular disease: Results from the HEART randomized controlled trial

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation, 2019

Cardiogenetics, 2021

Background. Each year, approximately 5000 New Zealanders are admitted to hospital with first-time... more Background. Each year, approximately 5000 New Zealanders are admitted to hospital with first-time acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The Multi-Ethnic New Zealand Study of Acute Coronary Syndromes (MENZACS) is a prospective longitudinal cohort study embedded within the All New Zealand Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement (ANZACS-QI) registry in six hospitals. The objective of MENZACS is to examine the relationship between clinical, genomic, and cardiometabolic markers in relation to presentation and outcomes post-ACS. Methods. Patients with first-time ACS are enrolled and study-specific research data is collected alongside the ANZACS-QI registry. The research blood samples are stored for future genetic/biomarker assays. Dietary information is collected with a food frequency questionnaire and information about physical activity, smoking, and stress is also collected via questionnaire. Detailed family history, ancestry, and ethnicity data are recorded on all participants. Results. D...

BMJ, 2021

Objective To determine the association between high flow supplementary oxygen and 30 day mortalit... more Objective To determine the association between high flow supplementary oxygen and 30 day mortality in patients presenting with a suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Design Pragmatic, cluster randomised, crossover trial. Setting Four geographical regions in New Zealand. Participants 40 872 patients with suspected or confirmed ACS included in the All New Zealand Acute Coronary Syndrome Quality Improvement registry or ambulance ACS pathway during the study periods. 20 304 patients were managed using the high oxygen protocol and 20 568 were managed using the low oxygen protocol. Final diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI were determined from the registry and ICD-10 discharge codes. Interventions The four geographical regions were randomly allocated to each of two oxygen protocols in six month blocks over two years. The high oxygen protocol recommended oxygen at 6-8 L/min by face mask for ischaemic symptoms or electrocardiographic changes, irrespecti...

Journal of the American Heart Association, 2019

Background Vascular risk factors have been associated with differences in cognitive performance i... more Background Vascular risk factors have been associated with differences in cognitive performance in epidemiological studies, but evidence in patients with coronary heart disease is more limited. Methods and Results The Montreal Cognitive Assessment score obtained 3.2±0.37 years after randomization to darapladib, a reversible inhibitor of lipoprotein phospholipase A 2 or placebo was evaluated for 10 634 patients with coronary heart disease from 38 countries in the STABILITY (Stabilization of Atherosclerotic Plaque by Initiation of Darapladib Therapy) trial. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores for darapladib and placebo groups were similar (mean± SD , 25.3±3.84 versus 25.4±3.73, respectively; P =0.27) and the adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) for mild cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score <26) was 1.00 (95% CI , 0.93–1.09). Mild cognitive impairment was more likely with increasing age ( OR , 1.33 [1.27–1.41], +5 years after 65). For other baseline clinical characte...

Page Allelomorphlc Series of Factors Miich Re strict Black and Brown Pigments-57 AllelGmorphlc Se... more Page Allelomorphlc Series of Factors Miich Re strict Black and Brown Pigments-57 AllelGmorphlc Series of Factors VKhlch In fluence the Intensity of Black and ^omi Pigments 59 Discussion of Hypothesis-61 YIl ST3MMARY-VI VIII ACiOiOWLEDGMEHT VS IX LITERATURE GITED 74 X APPEHDIX-TABLES of chromogenic substances in the seed-coat. Its recessive allelomorph^ h, has no effect. A second factor^ K, in hibits the black pigment so as to cause an eyebrow pat tern color to be produced while its recessive dlelomorph, k, has no effect. The third factor, ffi, was found to be responsible for mottling of the seed-coat. Its recessive allelomorph also has no effect. The factor, M, was found to be linked with P, a factor for glabrousness with ap proximately 18^ crossing over* When present with C, the dominant chromogen factor M caused a marked degree of mottling* When the recessive chromogen factor, c, was present, mottling was less apparent. These authors state that in plants with only the j?ecessive chromogenic factor mottled beans are often misjudged as non-mottled. Owen (6) has, as the result of a rather extensive study, reported somewhat different results. In his-8studies, he has largely dealt with pigments and color types which have "been reported by previous worlisers, bit from his data Owen has found it advisable to raaJce several changes in their nomenclaturej also to diverge consider ably from their interpretation of the genetic relation ships between these different pigments. Instead of the restriction factors, H, I and K which Hagai and Saito have described, Owen has established four factors, 1^, and i which form an allelomorphic series. With jh and favorable environmental conditions no black or brown pigment develops in either the seed-coat or hilum# With and a favorable environment black and brcwn pig ments are restricted to the hilum, has the same ef fect as the K factor, designated by Nagai and Saito (3), restricting the pigments to form the eyebrow pattern. The factor, i, has no restriction effect and when present self-colored seeds are produced. These I factors \Yere found to show dominance in the same order as given above. The i factor was recessive to all other genes of the series, and jEig were used to designate two independent genes for black pigment, was completely linked with T, the factor for tawny pubescence. In & particular cross, TQf recessive allelomorph to Rg, was found to be com plementary to W, a factor for purple flower color, to give imperfect-black seed-coat. In all but one of his crosses, Owen has found black seed-coat to be dominant to brown

Heart, Lung and Circulation, 2018

Conclusion: Overall, elderly patient were significantly less likely to receive invasive managemen... more Conclusion: Overall, elderly patient were significantly less likely to receive invasive management and were more likely to experience adverse outcomes compared to younger patients. Elderly patients who received invasive management were less likely to develop theses complications.

Heart, Lung and Circulation, 2019