Ramakant Shrivastava - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Ramakant Shrivastava

International journal of engineering research and technology, Mar 27, 2014

The main characteristics of grinding in comparison to other machining process are the relatively ... more The main characteristics of grinding in comparison to other machining process are the relatively large contact area between the tool and work piece surface. The major limiting factor in grinding is thermal damage. The main purpose of grinding fluid can be categorized into lubrication, cooling, transportation of chips, cleaning of grinding wheel and minimizing corrosion. In this paper, the effect of process parameters such as depth of cut, coolant flow rate and coolant nozzle angle are taken as variables. The present work aims at optimizing process parameters to achieve surface quality and high material removal rate in SAE 8620 steel material. Response surface method a powerful tool in design of experiments is used for optimization process.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2017

1M.E. Student, Govt. College of Engineering Aurangabad, M.S, India 2Professor, Dept. of Mechanica... more 1M.E. Student, Govt. College of Engineering Aurangabad, M.S, India 2Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Govt. Engineering College Karad, M.S, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the most efficient employed non-traditional machining processes for cutting hard-to-cut materials. .Modern ED machinery is capable of machining geometrically complex or hard material components. Heat treated tool steel, composites, super alloys, ceramics, etc. In the present work, an experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of pulsed current on Material Removal Rate, Electrode Wear Rate and surface roughness in M2 tool steel. The present material used for the work were Harden up to 62 HRC and then machined with electrode materials of copper and Tungsten copper (75:25 grade) with square section of 10×10 mm and 35 ...

The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel meth... more The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel method and further to prepare the CuO nanofluid with base fluid as deionised water. The size of nanoparticles is determined by Debye- Scherer formula and size of the particles is conformed 20.4054nm. Critical heat flux characteristics of nanofluid were investigated with different weight concentrations of CuO nanoparticles. The experimental work revealed an increase in critical heat flux value just about 57.26 percent. Surface roughness of heater surface is measured for all weight concentrations of nanofluid which shows increase in Ra value up to some extent is a cause to enhance CHF.

Thermal Science, 2017

The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical sol-gel meth... more The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical sol-gel method and further to prepare the CuO nanofluid with base fluid as deionised water. The size of nanoparticles is determined by Debye-Scherer formula and size of the particles is conformed 20.4054 nm. Critical heat flux characteristics of nanofluid were investigated with different weight concentrations of CuO nanoparticles. The experimental work revealed an increase in critical heat flux value just about 57.26%. Surface roughness of heater surface is measured for all weight concentrations of nanofluid which shows increase in R a value up to some extent is a cause to enhance critical heat flux.

The objective of this paper is to understand various types of flexibility in automobile industrie... more The objective of this paper is to understand various types of flexibility in automobile industries to deal with various uncertain demands & products categories. The purpose of this study is to investigate various research questions related to manufacturing flexibility& Flexible manufacturing system (FMS). What are the components of manufacturing flexibility? Is there a relationship between manufacturing flexibility and organizational performance? Whether integrated strategies strengthen the relationship between manufacturing flexibility and organizational performance? This study emphasizes on necessity for flexibility in Manufacturing for Cost savings ,improving efficiency & productivity in mass production .Flexibility today means quickness in delivery and high quality at reasonable prices.The research attemts to develop a framework for flexibilty implementation in automobile industries in scenarios of fluctuation in market demands & manucturing capabilties within required times .It starts with examining the different efforts of manufacturing flexibilty improvement in various firms to understand the current focus and use of flexibilty and investgate the problems they are faced with .The study deals with variors scenarios of volume flexiblty and as well mix flexibilty. Manufaturing flexibilty in automobile industries where there are high variations in product categories enforces the need of capcity enhancements & intergrations through layout optimizations .The static version of facilitis layout problem(FLP) where given planer region is divided into departments assuming that material flows in between department & unit cost of transportation is given and will remian same during the planning horizon

Thermal Science, 2017

The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel meth... more The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel method and further to prepare the CuO nanofluid with base fluid as deionised water. The size of nanoparticles is determined by Debye- Scherer formula and size of the particles is conformed 20.4054nm. Critical heat flux characteristics of nanofluid were investigated with different weight concentrations of CuO nanoparticles. The experimental work revealed an increase in critical heat flux value just about 57.26 percent. Surface roughness of heater surface is measured for all weight concentrations of nanofluid which shows increase in Ra value up to some extent is a cause to enhance CHF.

Materials Modeling for Macro to Micro/Nano Scale Systems, Apr 4, 2022

Materials Today: Proceedings

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from renewable resources. The use of bio... more Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from renewable resources. The use of biodiesel is rapidly increasing around the world, making it incumbent to fully understand its impacts on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation. Biodiesel is known as the mono-alkyl-esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks, such as, vegetable oils or animal fats, for use in compression ignition engines. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine using methyl-ester of Karanja oil as fuel was evaluated for its performance and exhaust emissions. Different blends of Karanja Oil (B5, B10, B15, B20) were compared for their performance characteristics with pure Diesel(B100).The performance was assessed for the parameters viz. Indicated Power, Fuel Consumption, Break Thermal Efficiency, Air fuel Ratio, BSFC(Break Specific Fuel Consumption), Exhaust gas Temperature against different loads.

Manufacturing performances tend to produce defects due to various reasons, which can be improved ... more Manufacturing performances tend to produce defects due to various reasons, which can be improved by identifying and eliminating them using six sigma. In the present work, DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) has been used to reduce the number of bush rejection. In define phase problem was defined by selecting the core issues concerned. In the measure phase data was collected to determine the current performance and the process capability. During Analyzing phase root causes of bush rejection were identified. In the improvement phase solutions were arrived at and finally in the control phase various tools were implemented for process to keep under control. This paper makes use of Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) to adopt the innovative technologies integrated with the operational aspects in order to enhance the process capability. The main objective of the study is to improve machinery system reliability and its performance.

The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel meth... more The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel method and further to prepare the CuO nanofluid with base fluid as deionised water. The size of nanoparticles is determined by Debye- Scherer formula and size of the particles is conformed 20.4054nm. Critical heat flux characteristics of nanofluid were investigated with different weight concentrations of CuO nanoparticles. The experimental work revealed an increase in critical heat flux value just about 57.26 percent. Surface roughness of heater surface is measured for all weight concentrations of nanofluid which shows increase in Ra value up to some extent is a cause to enhance CHF.

Mechatronic Systems Design and Solid Materials, 2021

2021 International Conference on Innovative Computing, Intelligent Communication and Smart Electrical Systems (ICSES), 2021

Time series data are analyzed for predicting the future based on the consistent time period using... more Time series data are analyzed for predicting the future based on the consistent time period using statistical methods. These analyses are based on the data which are extracted from different sources. Existing method for performing the forecasting process does not fit into the crypto currency data. GARCH and ARIMA models with intelligent mechanisms provide the solution but it is not at the proper level. RNN model takes the data from preexisting intervals and decides the next time series data which is represented as a directed graph. Two types of behavior are considered namely spatial and temporal. The linear model uses the homogeneous data and heterogeneous data analysis is based on the nonlinear model. The nodes and layers are connected based on the input and corresponding activation unit. The memory model is attached to the RNN model for making persistent storage for keeping the processed data for a longer time. The proposed model uses the ensemble method for integrating various RNN models for achieving a high level of accuracy.

2021 4th International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), 2021

This paper discusses the productivity enhancement of solar desalination systems with and without ... more This paper discusses the productivity enhancement of solar desalination systems with and without application of heat energy storage materials which is commonly known as phase change material (PCM). The PCM is attached beneath the basin liner of the solar still to store thermal energy in the form of latent heat during daytime and discharges heat energy during nighttime to the basin water. With application of PCM, solar still can be operated in the night also depending on the total thermal capacity of PCM. The use of common PCM like paraffin wax, MgSO4-7H2O, CH3COONa, K2Cr2O7, stearic acid etc has been attempted by academicians and researchers. The stearic acid improved the evaporative heat transfer coefficient by 27% and the daily productivity doubled almost when the still is used with PCM. The use of double pass solar air collector coupled with modified solar still using PCM been used to enhance the freshwater productivity, on double pass solar air collector coupled with modified still the freshwater productivity is 108% higher than the conventional still.

Proceeding of Proceedings of the 25th National and 3rd International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference (IHMTC-2019), 2019

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2021

Every industry has one common instrument that is heat exchanger. From a bike to a solar desalinat... more Every industry has one common instrument that is heat exchanger. From a bike to a solar desalination plant that is spread in acres, heat exchangers are regular signtings. But sometimes they lack in their performance, to overcome which many accessories are used. Diverse method to improve the thermophysical performances is twisted wires and twisted tapes. A literary analysis has been conducted in this study on the application of twisted tape with air, nanofluid and water as working fluids, along with numerical analysis of simple twisted tape. In the current numerical analysis, Simple Twisted Tape (STT), Triangular Cutout Twisted Tape (TCTT) and Circular Cutout Twisted Tape (CCTT) have been compared and the relationship Reynolds number, Heat transfer, Outlet Temperature and pressure has been studied.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2017

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from renewable resources. The use of bio... more Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from renewable resources. The use of biodiesel is rapidly increasing around the world, making it incumbent to fully understand its impacts on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation. Biodiesel is known as the mono-alkyl-esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks, such as, vegetable oils or animal fats, for use in compression ignition engines. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine using methyl-ester of Karanja oil as fuel was evaluated for its performance and exhaust emissions. Different blends of Karanja Oil (B5, B10, B15, B20) were compared for their performance characteristics with pure Diesel(B100).The performance was assessed for the parameters viz. Indicated Power, Fuel Consumption, Break Thermal Efficiency, Air fuel Ratio, BSFC(Break Specific Fuel Consumption), Exhaust gas Temperature against different loads.

Biodiesel is the alternative fuel that is produced from renewable resources. It is being extensiv... more Biodiesel is the alternative fuel that is produced from renewable resources. It is being extensively used around the world thus making it incumbent to fully understand its effects on the combustion process in CI Engine and formation of pollutants. It is the mono-alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feedstock such as vegetable oils or animal fats. The present study depicts, the performance analysis and exhaust gas analysis of single cylinder water cooled diesel engine different blends of Cottonseed oil (B10, B20, and B30) which were compared for both performance characteristics with pure Diesel. The performance was evaluated for the parameters viz. Break Thermal Efficiency, Break Specific Fuel Consumption, Air Fuel Ratio, Exhaust Gas Temperature, Smoke Opacity and Volumetric Efficiency against different loads. It was found that blends of the methyl ester used in present study can be used as an alternative fuel without any engine modification.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Binary NiTi alloys are the most common shape memory alloys in medical applications, combining goo... more Binary NiTi alloys are the most common shape memory alloys in medical applications, combining good mechanical properties and high biocompatibility. In NiTi alloys, the shape memory effect is caused by the transformation of an austenite phase to a martensite phase and the reverse process. Transformation temperatures are strongly influenced by the exact chemical composition of the NiTi phase and the presence of precipitates in the microstructure induced by thermo-mechanical treatment, especially solution annealing and ageing. Isothermal timetemperature precipitation diagrams can be found in the literature. Cooling is frequently not considered, as water quenching is typically assumed to be sufficient. To the best of our knowledge, continuous heating dissolution (CHD) and continuous cooling precipitation (CCP) diagrams do not exist. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a common method to analyse the austenite/martensite transformation in shape memory alloys, but it has not yet been used to analyse precipitation processes during continuous temperature changes. We have enabled DSC to analyse dissolution and precipitation processes in situ during heating as well as during cooling from the solution annealing temperature. Results are presented as CHD and CCP diagrams, including information from microstructure analysis and the associated changes in the austenite/martensite transformation temperatures.

International journal of engineering research and technology, Mar 27, 2014

The main characteristics of grinding in comparison to other machining process are the relatively ... more The main characteristics of grinding in comparison to other machining process are the relatively large contact area between the tool and work piece surface. The major limiting factor in grinding is thermal damage. The main purpose of grinding fluid can be categorized into lubrication, cooling, transportation of chips, cleaning of grinding wheel and minimizing corrosion. In this paper, the effect of process parameters such as depth of cut, coolant flow rate and coolant nozzle angle are taken as variables. The present work aims at optimizing process parameters to achieve surface quality and high material removal rate in SAE 8620 steel material. Response surface method a powerful tool in design of experiments is used for optimization process.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2017

1M.E. Student, Govt. College of Engineering Aurangabad, M.S, India 2Professor, Dept. of Mechanica... more 1M.E. Student, Govt. College of Engineering Aurangabad, M.S, India 2Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Govt. Engineering College Karad, M.S, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is one of the most efficient employed non-traditional machining processes for cutting hard-to-cut materials. .Modern ED machinery is capable of machining geometrically complex or hard material components. Heat treated tool steel, composites, super alloys, ceramics, etc. In the present work, an experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of pulsed current on Material Removal Rate, Electrode Wear Rate and surface roughness in M2 tool steel. The present material used for the work were Harden up to 62 HRC and then machined with electrode materials of copper and Tungsten copper (75:25 grade) with square section of 10×10 mm and 35 ...

The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel meth... more The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel method and further to prepare the CuO nanofluid with base fluid as deionised water. The size of nanoparticles is determined by Debye- Scherer formula and size of the particles is conformed 20.4054nm. Critical heat flux characteristics of nanofluid were investigated with different weight concentrations of CuO nanoparticles. The experimental work revealed an increase in critical heat flux value just about 57.26 percent. Surface roughness of heater surface is measured for all weight concentrations of nanofluid which shows increase in Ra value up to some extent is a cause to enhance CHF.

Thermal Science, 2017

The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical sol-gel meth... more The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical sol-gel method and further to prepare the CuO nanofluid with base fluid as deionised water. The size of nanoparticles is determined by Debye-Scherer formula and size of the particles is conformed 20.4054 nm. Critical heat flux characteristics of nanofluid were investigated with different weight concentrations of CuO nanoparticles. The experimental work revealed an increase in critical heat flux value just about 57.26%. Surface roughness of heater surface is measured for all weight concentrations of nanofluid which shows increase in R a value up to some extent is a cause to enhance critical heat flux.

The objective of this paper is to understand various types of flexibility in automobile industrie... more The objective of this paper is to understand various types of flexibility in automobile industries to deal with various uncertain demands & products categories. The purpose of this study is to investigate various research questions related to manufacturing flexibility& Flexible manufacturing system (FMS). What are the components of manufacturing flexibility? Is there a relationship between manufacturing flexibility and organizational performance? Whether integrated strategies strengthen the relationship between manufacturing flexibility and organizational performance? This study emphasizes on necessity for flexibility in Manufacturing for Cost savings ,improving efficiency & productivity in mass production .Flexibility today means quickness in delivery and high quality at reasonable prices.The research attemts to develop a framework for flexibilty implementation in automobile industries in scenarios of fluctuation in market demands & manucturing capabilties within required times .It starts with examining the different efforts of manufacturing flexibilty improvement in various firms to understand the current focus and use of flexibilty and investgate the problems they are faced with .The study deals with variors scenarios of volume flexiblty and as well mix flexibilty. Manufaturing flexibilty in automobile industries where there are high variations in product categories enforces the need of capcity enhancements & intergrations through layout optimizations .The static version of facilitis layout problem(FLP) where given planer region is divided into departments assuming that material flows in between department & unit cost of transportation is given and will remian same during the planning horizon

Thermal Science, 2017

The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel meth... more The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel method and further to prepare the CuO nanofluid with base fluid as deionised water. The size of nanoparticles is determined by Debye- Scherer formula and size of the particles is conformed 20.4054nm. Critical heat flux characteristics of nanofluid were investigated with different weight concentrations of CuO nanoparticles. The experimental work revealed an increase in critical heat flux value just about 57.26 percent. Surface roughness of heater surface is measured for all weight concentrations of nanofluid which shows increase in Ra value up to some extent is a cause to enhance CHF.

Materials Modeling for Macro to Micro/Nano Scale Systems, Apr 4, 2022

Materials Today: Proceedings

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from renewable resources. The use of bio... more Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from renewable resources. The use of biodiesel is rapidly increasing around the world, making it incumbent to fully understand its impacts on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation. Biodiesel is known as the mono-alkyl-esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks, such as, vegetable oils or animal fats, for use in compression ignition engines. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine using methyl-ester of Karanja oil as fuel was evaluated for its performance and exhaust emissions. Different blends of Karanja Oil (B5, B10, B15, B20) were compared for their performance characteristics with pure Diesel(B100).The performance was assessed for the parameters viz. Indicated Power, Fuel Consumption, Break Thermal Efficiency, Air fuel Ratio, BSFC(Break Specific Fuel Consumption), Exhaust gas Temperature against different loads.

Manufacturing performances tend to produce defects due to various reasons, which can be improved ... more Manufacturing performances tend to produce defects due to various reasons, which can be improved by identifying and eliminating them using six sigma. In the present work, DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control) has been used to reduce the number of bush rejection. In define phase problem was defined by selecting the core issues concerned. In the measure phase data was collected to determine the current performance and the process capability. During Analyzing phase root causes of bush rejection were identified. In the improvement phase solutions were arrived at and finally in the control phase various tools were implemented for process to keep under control. This paper makes use of Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) to adopt the innovative technologies integrated with the operational aspects in order to enhance the process capability. The main objective of the study is to improve machinery system reliability and its performance.

The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel meth... more The main focus of the present work is to prepare the CuO nanoparticles by economical Sol-Gel method and further to prepare the CuO nanofluid with base fluid as deionised water. The size of nanoparticles is determined by Debye- Scherer formula and size of the particles is conformed 20.4054nm. Critical heat flux characteristics of nanofluid were investigated with different weight concentrations of CuO nanoparticles. The experimental work revealed an increase in critical heat flux value just about 57.26 percent. Surface roughness of heater surface is measured for all weight concentrations of nanofluid which shows increase in Ra value up to some extent is a cause to enhance CHF.

Mechatronic Systems Design and Solid Materials, 2021

2021 International Conference on Innovative Computing, Intelligent Communication and Smart Electrical Systems (ICSES), 2021

Time series data are analyzed for predicting the future based on the consistent time period using... more Time series data are analyzed for predicting the future based on the consistent time period using statistical methods. These analyses are based on the data which are extracted from different sources. Existing method for performing the forecasting process does not fit into the crypto currency data. GARCH and ARIMA models with intelligent mechanisms provide the solution but it is not at the proper level. RNN model takes the data from preexisting intervals and decides the next time series data which is represented as a directed graph. Two types of behavior are considered namely spatial and temporal. The linear model uses the homogeneous data and heterogeneous data analysis is based on the nonlinear model. The nodes and layers are connected based on the input and corresponding activation unit. The memory model is attached to the RNN model for making persistent storage for keeping the processed data for a longer time. The proposed model uses the ensemble method for integrating various RNN models for achieving a high level of accuracy.

2021 4th International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), 2021

This paper discusses the productivity enhancement of solar desalination systems with and without ... more This paper discusses the productivity enhancement of solar desalination systems with and without application of heat energy storage materials which is commonly known as phase change material (PCM). The PCM is attached beneath the basin liner of the solar still to store thermal energy in the form of latent heat during daytime and discharges heat energy during nighttime to the basin water. With application of PCM, solar still can be operated in the night also depending on the total thermal capacity of PCM. The use of common PCM like paraffin wax, MgSO4-7H2O, CH3COONa, K2Cr2O7, stearic acid etc has been attempted by academicians and researchers. The stearic acid improved the evaporative heat transfer coefficient by 27% and the daily productivity doubled almost when the still is used with PCM. The use of double pass solar air collector coupled with modified solar still using PCM been used to enhance the freshwater productivity, on double pass solar air collector coupled with modified still the freshwater productivity is 108% higher than the conventional still.

Proceeding of Proceedings of the 25th National and 3rd International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference (IHMTC-2019), 2019

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2021

Every industry has one common instrument that is heat exchanger. From a bike to a solar desalinat... more Every industry has one common instrument that is heat exchanger. From a bike to a solar desalination plant that is spread in acres, heat exchangers are regular signtings. But sometimes they lack in their performance, to overcome which many accessories are used. Diverse method to improve the thermophysical performances is twisted wires and twisted tapes. A literary analysis has been conducted in this study on the application of twisted tape with air, nanofluid and water as working fluids, along with numerical analysis of simple twisted tape. In the current numerical analysis, Simple Twisted Tape (STT), Triangular Cutout Twisted Tape (TCTT) and Circular Cutout Twisted Tape (CCTT) have been compared and the relationship Reynolds number, Heat transfer, Outlet Temperature and pressure has been studied.

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2017

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from renewable resources. The use of bio... more Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that is produced from renewable resources. The use of biodiesel is rapidly increasing around the world, making it incumbent to fully understand its impacts on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation. Biodiesel is known as the mono-alkyl-esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feed stocks, such as, vegetable oils or animal fats, for use in compression ignition engines. In the present work, the performance of single cylinder water-cooled diesel engine using methyl-ester of Karanja oil as fuel was evaluated for its performance and exhaust emissions. Different blends of Karanja Oil (B5, B10, B15, B20) were compared for their performance characteristics with pure Diesel(B100).The performance was assessed for the parameters viz. Indicated Power, Fuel Consumption, Break Thermal Efficiency, Air fuel Ratio, BSFC(Break Specific Fuel Consumption), Exhaust gas Temperature against different loads.

Biodiesel is the alternative fuel that is produced from renewable resources. It is being extensiv... more Biodiesel is the alternative fuel that is produced from renewable resources. It is being extensively used around the world thus making it incumbent to fully understand its effects on the combustion process in CI Engine and formation of pollutants. It is the mono-alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable feedstock such as vegetable oils or animal fats. The present study depicts, the performance analysis and exhaust gas analysis of single cylinder water cooled diesel engine different blends of Cottonseed oil (B10, B20, and B30) which were compared for both performance characteristics with pure Diesel. The performance was evaluated for the parameters viz. Break Thermal Efficiency, Break Specific Fuel Consumption, Air Fuel Ratio, Exhaust Gas Temperature, Smoke Opacity and Volumetric Efficiency against different loads. It was found that blends of the methyl ester used in present study can be used as an alternative fuel without any engine modification.

Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021

Binary NiTi alloys are the most common shape memory alloys in medical applications, combining goo... more Binary NiTi alloys are the most common shape memory alloys in medical applications, combining good mechanical properties and high biocompatibility. In NiTi alloys, the shape memory effect is caused by the transformation of an austenite phase to a martensite phase and the reverse process. Transformation temperatures are strongly influenced by the exact chemical composition of the NiTi phase and the presence of precipitates in the microstructure induced by thermo-mechanical treatment, especially solution annealing and ageing. Isothermal timetemperature precipitation diagrams can be found in the literature. Cooling is frequently not considered, as water quenching is typically assumed to be sufficient. To the best of our knowledge, continuous heating dissolution (CHD) and continuous cooling precipitation (CCP) diagrams do not exist. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a common method to analyse the austenite/martensite transformation in shape memory alloys, but it has not yet been used to analyse precipitation processes during continuous temperature changes. We have enabled DSC to analyse dissolution and precipitation processes in situ during heating as well as during cooling from the solution annealing temperature. Results are presented as CHD and CCP diagrams, including information from microstructure analysis and the associated changes in the austenite/martensite transformation temperatures.