Randi Seljåsen - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Randi Seljåsen

The CYCLE project aims at reducing food loss by creating innovative food and feed products and in... more The CYCLE project aims at reducing food loss by creating innovative food and feed products and ingredients, in a close cooperation with the Norwegian food industry. Three important food chains are involved: chicken, white and pelagic fish, and vegetables and potatoes. Bioforsk, VTT and SINTEF cooperate on hydrolisation of chicken co-streams to produce oil and proteins, and to develop healthy food products as well as products with a specialised function from vegetable and potato co-streams. Experience from seafood at SINTEF is brought in contact with food and feed knowledge in Bioforsk and VTT, and a close contact with food industry ensures a high relevance for developed processes and products. The paper presents preliminary results in the development of oil from chicken bones, proteins from chicken feathers, vegetable smoothies and suberin films made from potato peels, as example of food and feed innovations based in bioeconomy.

Molecules

Biosynthesis of phytochemicals in leaves of Brassica can be initiated by abiotic factors. The aim... more Biosynthesis of phytochemicals in leaves of Brassica can be initiated by abiotic factors. The aim of the study was to investigate elicitor treatments to add value to waste of cabbage. A leaf waste fraction from industrial trimming of head cabbage was exposed to UV radiation (250–400 nm, 59 and 99 kJ∙m−2, respectively), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm, 497 kJ∙m−2), and ultrasound in water bath (35 kHz, at 15, 30 and 61 kJ∙l−1 water), in order to improve nutraceutical concentration. UV was more effective than PAR to increase the level of flavonols (2 to 3-fold higher) and hydroxycinnamate monosaccharides (1 to 10-fold higher). PAR was three times as effective as UV to increase anthocyanins. Interaction of PAR + UV increased antioxidant activity (30%), the content of five phenolics (1.4 to 10-fold higher), and hydroxycinnamic monosaccharides (compared with PAR or UV alone). Indoles were reduced (40–52%) by UV, but the other glucosinolates (GLS) were unaffected. Ultraso...

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jan 9, 2015

Organic vegetable production attempts to pursue multiple goals concerning influence on environmen... more Organic vegetable production attempts to pursue multiple goals concerning influence on environment, production resources and human health. In areas with limited availability of animal manure, there is a need for considering various off-farm nutrient resources for such production. Different organic and waste-derived fertilizer materials were used for broccoli production at two latitudes (58° and 67°) in Norway during two years. The fertilizer materials were applied at two rates of total N (80 kg ha-1 and 170 kg ha-1) and compared with mineral fertilizer (170 kg ha-1) and no fertilizer. Broccoli yield was strongly influenced by fertilizer materials (algae meal<unfertilized control<sheep manure<extruded shrimp shell<anaerobically digested food waste<mineral fertilizer). Yield, but not glucosinolate contents, was linearly correlated with estimated potentially plant-available N. However, extruded shrimp shell and mineral NPK fertilizer gave higher glucosinolate contents th...

Food Chemistry, 2015

Broccoli is grown around the world at a wide range of photoperiods and temperatures, which may in... more Broccoli is grown around the world at a wide range of photoperiods and temperatures, which may influence both sensory quality and phytochemical contents. Florets produced in phytotron and at two semi-field sites (70 °N and 58 °N) were examined for effects of contrasting temperatures and photoperiods on sensory quality and contents of glucosinolates, flavonols and vitamin C. Growth conditions associated with high northern latitudes of low temperature and long photoperiods, produced bigger floral buds, and florets with sweeter taste and less colour hue than more southern conditions. The contents of vitamin C did not vary, while the response of individual glucosinolates varied with temperature and day length, and contents of quercetin and kaempferol were lower in phytotron than under semi-field conditions. Thus, our results show that contrasting temperatures and photoperiods influence the sensory quality of broccoli florets, while contents of different bioactive phytochemicals are not influenced in a unidirectional pattern.

Agronomy, 2021

The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as an organic nutrient solution (ONS) for hydroponic lettuce production. By using a previous developed method, approximately 80% of the processed sludge was reclaimed as a clear, nutrient-rich solution. The performance of the recovered nutrient solution on lettuce growth was assessed in a nutrient film hydroponic system. The results were compared to the results obtained using a conventional nutrient solution (CNS). Yield, fresh weight, water consumption, and nutrient and heavy metal content in leaf tissue were measured. In spite of a 16% lower average fresh weight obtained in ONS compared to the weight obtained in CNS, there was no statistical difference of the yield of lettuce among the two nutrient solutions. After the cultivation period, 90% of the lettuce heads grown in ONS exceeded the marked weight of 150 g. Foliar analysis revealed a similar or higher content of all nutrients, excep...

Agronomy, 2021

The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as an organic nutrient solution (ONS) for hydroponic lettuce production. By using a previous developed method, approximately 80% of the processed sludge was reclaimed as a clear, nutrient-rich solution. The performance of the recovered nutrient solution on lettuce growth was assessed in a nutrient film hydroponic system. The results were compared to the results obtained using a conventional nutrient solution (CNS). Yield, fresh weight, water consumption, and nutrient and heavy metal content in leaf tissue were measured. In spite of a 16% lower average fresh weight obtained in ONS compared to the weight obtained in CNS, there was no statistical difference of the yield of lettuce among the two nutrient solutions. After the cultivation period, 90% of the lettuce heads grown in ONS exceeded the marked weight of 150 g. Foliar analysis revealed a similar or higher content of all nutrients, excep...

Trabajo presentado en el Simposio "Exploitation of brassica diversity for improving agricult... more Trabajo presentado en el Simposio "Exploitation of brassica diversity for improving agricultural chains" celebrado en Catania entre el 12 y el 16 de noviembre de 2012.

Mechanistic models are useful tools for understanding and taking account of the complex, dynamic ... more Mechanistic models are useful tools for understanding and taking account of the complex, dynamic processes such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover in soil and crop growth. In this study, the EU-Rotate_N model was first calibrated with measured C and N mineralization from nine potential fertilizer resources decomposing at controlled soil temperature and moisture. The materials included seaweeds, wastes from the food industry, food waste anaerobically digested for biogas production, and animal manure. Then the model’s ability to predict soil and crop data in a field trial with broccoli and potato was evaluated. Except for seaweed, up to 68% of added C and 54–86% of added N was mineralized within 60 days under controlled conditions. The organic resources fell into three groups: seaweed, high-N industrial wastes, and materials with high initial content of mineral N. EU-Rotate_N was successfully calibrated for the materials of industrial origin, whereas seaweeds, anaerobically diges...

In a five-course rotation with organic vegetables (white cabbage, carrot and onion) the weed seed... more In a five-course rotation with organic vegetables (white cabbage, carrot and onion) the weed seed bank was reduced the year after two continuous years with red clover, mainly because of mowing of the second year red clover. The year after the weedy ribbed meliot the weed seed bank increased.

Journal of Cleaner Production

Highlights 1 A bioeconomic transition to minimize food loss and waste calls for institutional and... more Highlights 1 A bioeconomic transition to minimize food loss and waste calls for institutional and technical innovation. 2 Cascading options to avoid food losses occurring in chicken, fish, and fruits & vegetable industry, explored. 3 Contribution and novelty is the transdisciplinary investigation of concrete bioeconomic cascading and valorisation options in the case of three value chains in Norway. 4 A transdisciplinary approach and involvement of industrial actors collaborating with researchers is required to address societal challenges facing the bioeconomy.

Agri-food quality II: quality …, 1999

... Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5036. 2. PW Simon, CE Peterson and RC Lindsay, J. ofAgric. Food Chem., ... more ... Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5036. 2. PW Simon, CE Peterson and RC Lindsay, J. ofAgric. Food Chem., 1980, 28, 559. 3. Z.-J. Guo and Y. Ohta. ... 5. BC Carlton, CE Peterson and NE Tolbert, Plant Physiol, 1961, 36, 550. 6. PW Simon, Acta Horticulturae, 1984, 163, 137. ...

Crop Protection, 2006

A commercial extract of neem (NeemAzal-T) and a simple extract of pulverised seeds extracted in w... more A commercial extract of neem (NeemAzal-T) and a simple extract of pulverised seeds extracted in warm water were tested against the cabbage pest Mamestra brassicae L. Gravid cabbage moth females were given a choice between sprayed and unsprayed plants for oviposition during nine days. Second instar larvae were caged on plants and exposed to a series of neem concentrations (leaf dip assay) and to neem applied to the roots (systemic uptake). Residual activity of NeemAzal-T was tested by caging 2nd instar larvae on plants that had been sprayed with neem solutions 1h to three weeks in advance. Oviposition was reduced to half the number of eggs per plant by the neem treatment. The number of eggs that hatched was not affected by the neem treatment, but development of these larvae was strongly inhibited and all larvae in the neem treatment died within two weeks without reaching 2nd instar. The concentration of the active ingredient azadirachtin-A (the azadirachtin component in NeemAzal-T) needed to protect plants from damage by 2nd instar larvae was 8μgml−1. The lethal doses for 2nd instar larvae were determined by probit analysis to be 6.2 and 17.2μgml−1 for LC50 and LC95, respectively. NeemAzal-T protected plants from damage for at least three weeks if applied before oviposition, or at least two weeks if applied against 2nd instar larvae. In these studies, neem inhibited oviposition, larval development and feeding, and greatly increased mortality.

Arthropod Management Tests, 1997

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF TWO IGR INSECTICIDES AGAINST DBM LARVAE, 1995: Treatments were evaluated... more LABORATORY EVALUATION OF TWO IGR INSECTICIDES AGAINST DBM LARVAE, 1995: Treatments were evaluated using the leaf dip method. Head cabbage was seeded in community pots. Each pot containing approximately 10 cabbage plants in the 5-7 true leaf seedling stage was inverted and dipped in a solution of the test materials for about 30 sees for complete coverage. The dipped plants were allowed to air dry. For each dip, 1 liter solution of the test material was prepared based on field rate concentrations of 100 gal/acre. Leaves from treated plants were detached and placed in a ventilated plastic petri dish. DBM larvae from a laboratory colony that originated from individuals collected from a cabbage field at Kula, Hawaii and Kamuela, Hawaii were used. Ten 2nd instars were placed on each leaf. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. Xentari was used as the treated check. The number of dead larvae was counted at 24-hour intervals. Larvae were recorded as dead when there was no movement when probed. Leaves were changed every other day with fresh leaves from the previously treated pots. At 1 DAT, the Xentari treatment killed more larvae than RH-5992 and RH-2485. Larvae on RH-5992-treated leaves appeared relatively normal while those on RH-2485-treated leaves appeared to be lethargic and desiccated. Moreover, feeding damage to RH-2485-treated leaves was clearly less than in RH-5992 treatment and untreated check. RH-2485 probably produced early cessation of feeding in DBM larvae shortly after ingestion of the chemical. By 3 DAT, RH-2485 performed as well as Xentari with similar percentages of mortality. RH-5992 did not perform well and surviving larvae continued to feed on the treated leaves. Treatment RH-5992 70 WP RH-2485 80 WP Xentari Untreated Check Concentration (lb/100 gal) 0.4 lb. ai 0.4 lb. ai 1.01b.

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2017

The CYCLE project aims at reducing food loss by creating innovative food and feed products and in... more The CYCLE project aims at reducing food loss by creating innovative food and feed products and ingredients, in a close cooperation with the Norwegian food industry. Three important food chains are involved: chicken, white and pelagic fish, and vegetables and potatoes. Bioforsk, VTT and SINTEF cooperate on hydrolisation of chicken co-streams to produce oil and proteins, and to develop healthy food products as well as products with a specialised function from vegetable and potato co-streams. Experience from seafood at SINTEF is brought in contact with food and feed knowledge in Bioforsk and VTT, and a close contact with food industry ensures a high relevance for developed processes and products. The paper presents preliminary results in the development of oil from chicken bones, proteins from chicken feathers, vegetable smoothies and suberin films made from potato peels, as example of food and feed innovations based in bioeconomy.

Molecules

Biosynthesis of phytochemicals in leaves of Brassica can be initiated by abiotic factors. The aim... more Biosynthesis of phytochemicals in leaves of Brassica can be initiated by abiotic factors. The aim of the study was to investigate elicitor treatments to add value to waste of cabbage. A leaf waste fraction from industrial trimming of head cabbage was exposed to UV radiation (250–400 nm, 59 and 99 kJ∙m−2, respectively), photosynthetic active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm, 497 kJ∙m−2), and ultrasound in water bath (35 kHz, at 15, 30 and 61 kJ∙l−1 water), in order to improve nutraceutical concentration. UV was more effective than PAR to increase the level of flavonols (2 to 3-fold higher) and hydroxycinnamate monosaccharides (1 to 10-fold higher). PAR was three times as effective as UV to increase anthocyanins. Interaction of PAR + UV increased antioxidant activity (30%), the content of five phenolics (1.4 to 10-fold higher), and hydroxycinnamic monosaccharides (compared with PAR or UV alone). Indoles were reduced (40–52%) by UV, but the other glucosinolates (GLS) were unaffected. Ultraso...

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jan 9, 2015

Organic vegetable production attempts to pursue multiple goals concerning influence on environmen... more Organic vegetable production attempts to pursue multiple goals concerning influence on environment, production resources and human health. In areas with limited availability of animal manure, there is a need for considering various off-farm nutrient resources for such production. Different organic and waste-derived fertilizer materials were used for broccoli production at two latitudes (58° and 67°) in Norway during two years. The fertilizer materials were applied at two rates of total N (80 kg ha-1 and 170 kg ha-1) and compared with mineral fertilizer (170 kg ha-1) and no fertilizer. Broccoli yield was strongly influenced by fertilizer materials (algae meal<unfertilized control<sheep manure<extruded shrimp shell<anaerobically digested food waste<mineral fertilizer). Yield, but not glucosinolate contents, was linearly correlated with estimated potentially plant-available N. However, extruded shrimp shell and mineral NPK fertilizer gave higher glucosinolate contents th...

Food Chemistry, 2015

Broccoli is grown around the world at a wide range of photoperiods and temperatures, which may in... more Broccoli is grown around the world at a wide range of photoperiods and temperatures, which may influence both sensory quality and phytochemical contents. Florets produced in phytotron and at two semi-field sites (70 °N and 58 °N) were examined for effects of contrasting temperatures and photoperiods on sensory quality and contents of glucosinolates, flavonols and vitamin C. Growth conditions associated with high northern latitudes of low temperature and long photoperiods, produced bigger floral buds, and florets with sweeter taste and less colour hue than more southern conditions. The contents of vitamin C did not vary, while the response of individual glucosinolates varied with temperature and day length, and contents of quercetin and kaempferol were lower in phytotron than under semi-field conditions. Thus, our results show that contrasting temperatures and photoperiods influence the sensory quality of broccoli florets, while contents of different bioactive phytochemicals are not influenced in a unidirectional pattern.

Agronomy, 2021

The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as an organic nutrient solution (ONS) for hydroponic lettuce production. By using a previous developed method, approximately 80% of the processed sludge was reclaimed as a clear, nutrient-rich solution. The performance of the recovered nutrient solution on lettuce growth was assessed in a nutrient film hydroponic system. The results were compared to the results obtained using a conventional nutrient solution (CNS). Yield, fresh weight, water consumption, and nutrient and heavy metal content in leaf tissue were measured. In spite of a 16% lower average fresh weight obtained in ONS compared to the weight obtained in CNS, there was no statistical difference of the yield of lettuce among the two nutrient solutions. After the cultivation period, 90% of the lettuce heads grown in ONS exceeded the marked weight of 150 g. Foliar analysis revealed a similar or higher content of all nutrients, excep...

Agronomy, 2021

The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as an organic nutrient solution (ONS) for hydroponic lettuce production. By using a previous developed method, approximately 80% of the processed sludge was reclaimed as a clear, nutrient-rich solution. The performance of the recovered nutrient solution on lettuce growth was assessed in a nutrient film hydroponic system. The results were compared to the results obtained using a conventional nutrient solution (CNS). Yield, fresh weight, water consumption, and nutrient and heavy metal content in leaf tissue were measured. In spite of a 16% lower average fresh weight obtained in ONS compared to the weight obtained in CNS, there was no statistical difference of the yield of lettuce among the two nutrient solutions. After the cultivation period, 90% of the lettuce heads grown in ONS exceeded the marked weight of 150 g. Foliar analysis revealed a similar or higher content of all nutrients, excep...

Trabajo presentado en el Simposio "Exploitation of brassica diversity for improving agricult... more Trabajo presentado en el Simposio "Exploitation of brassica diversity for improving agricultural chains" celebrado en Catania entre el 12 y el 16 de noviembre de 2012.

Mechanistic models are useful tools for understanding and taking account of the complex, dynamic ... more Mechanistic models are useful tools for understanding and taking account of the complex, dynamic processes such as carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) turnover in soil and crop growth. In this study, the EU-Rotate_N model was first calibrated with measured C and N mineralization from nine potential fertilizer resources decomposing at controlled soil temperature and moisture. The materials included seaweeds, wastes from the food industry, food waste anaerobically digested for biogas production, and animal manure. Then the model’s ability to predict soil and crop data in a field trial with broccoli and potato was evaluated. Except for seaweed, up to 68% of added C and 54–86% of added N was mineralized within 60 days under controlled conditions. The organic resources fell into three groups: seaweed, high-N industrial wastes, and materials with high initial content of mineral N. EU-Rotate_N was successfully calibrated for the materials of industrial origin, whereas seaweeds, anaerobically diges...

In a five-course rotation with organic vegetables (white cabbage, carrot and onion) the weed seed... more In a five-course rotation with organic vegetables (white cabbage, carrot and onion) the weed seed bank was reduced the year after two continuous years with red clover, mainly because of mowing of the second year red clover. The year after the weedy ribbed meliot the weed seed bank increased.

Journal of Cleaner Production

Highlights 1 A bioeconomic transition to minimize food loss and waste calls for institutional and... more Highlights 1 A bioeconomic transition to minimize food loss and waste calls for institutional and technical innovation. 2 Cascading options to avoid food losses occurring in chicken, fish, and fruits & vegetable industry, explored. 3 Contribution and novelty is the transdisciplinary investigation of concrete bioeconomic cascading and valorisation options in the case of three value chains in Norway. 4 A transdisciplinary approach and involvement of industrial actors collaborating with researchers is required to address societal challenges facing the bioeconomy.

Agri-food quality II: quality …, 1999

... Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5036. 2. PW Simon, CE Peterson and RC Lindsay, J. ofAgric. Food Chem., ... more ... Chem. Soc., 1957, 79, 5036. 2. PW Simon, CE Peterson and RC Lindsay, J. ofAgric. Food Chem., 1980, 28, 559. 3. Z.-J. Guo and Y. Ohta. ... 5. BC Carlton, CE Peterson and NE Tolbert, Plant Physiol, 1961, 36, 550. 6. PW Simon, Acta Horticulturae, 1984, 163, 137. ...

Crop Protection, 2006

A commercial extract of neem (NeemAzal-T) and a simple extract of pulverised seeds extracted in w... more A commercial extract of neem (NeemAzal-T) and a simple extract of pulverised seeds extracted in warm water were tested against the cabbage pest Mamestra brassicae L. Gravid cabbage moth females were given a choice between sprayed and unsprayed plants for oviposition during nine days. Second instar larvae were caged on plants and exposed to a series of neem concentrations (leaf dip assay) and to neem applied to the roots (systemic uptake). Residual activity of NeemAzal-T was tested by caging 2nd instar larvae on plants that had been sprayed with neem solutions 1h to three weeks in advance. Oviposition was reduced to half the number of eggs per plant by the neem treatment. The number of eggs that hatched was not affected by the neem treatment, but development of these larvae was strongly inhibited and all larvae in the neem treatment died within two weeks without reaching 2nd instar. The concentration of the active ingredient azadirachtin-A (the azadirachtin component in NeemAzal-T) needed to protect plants from damage by 2nd instar larvae was 8μgml−1. The lethal doses for 2nd instar larvae were determined by probit analysis to be 6.2 and 17.2μgml−1 for LC50 and LC95, respectively. NeemAzal-T protected plants from damage for at least three weeks if applied before oviposition, or at least two weeks if applied against 2nd instar larvae. In these studies, neem inhibited oviposition, larval development and feeding, and greatly increased mortality.

Arthropod Management Tests, 1997

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF TWO IGR INSECTICIDES AGAINST DBM LARVAE, 1995: Treatments were evaluated... more LABORATORY EVALUATION OF TWO IGR INSECTICIDES AGAINST DBM LARVAE, 1995: Treatments were evaluated using the leaf dip method. Head cabbage was seeded in community pots. Each pot containing approximately 10 cabbage plants in the 5-7 true leaf seedling stage was inverted and dipped in a solution of the test materials for about 30 sees for complete coverage. The dipped plants were allowed to air dry. For each dip, 1 liter solution of the test material was prepared based on field rate concentrations of 100 gal/acre. Leaves from treated plants were detached and placed in a ventilated plastic petri dish. DBM larvae from a laboratory colony that originated from individuals collected from a cabbage field at Kula, Hawaii and Kamuela, Hawaii were used. Ten 2nd instars were placed on each leaf. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. Xentari was used as the treated check. The number of dead larvae was counted at 24-hour intervals. Larvae were recorded as dead when there was no movement when probed. Leaves were changed every other day with fresh leaves from the previously treated pots. At 1 DAT, the Xentari treatment killed more larvae than RH-5992 and RH-2485. Larvae on RH-5992-treated leaves appeared relatively normal while those on RH-2485-treated leaves appeared to be lethargic and desiccated. Moreover, feeding damage to RH-2485-treated leaves was clearly less than in RH-5992 treatment and untreated check. RH-2485 probably produced early cessation of feeding in DBM larvae shortly after ingestion of the chemical. By 3 DAT, RH-2485 performed as well as Xentari with similar percentages of mortality. RH-5992 did not perform well and surviving larvae continued to feed on the treated leaves. Treatment RH-5992 70 WP RH-2485 80 WP Xentari Untreated Check Concentration (lb/100 gal) 0.4 lb. ai 0.4 lb. ai 1.01b.

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2017