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Papers by Ravi Kumar Theodore
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
The present study was conducted to examine the role of digital tools in agricultural marketing du... more The present study was conducted to examine the role of digital tools in agricultural marketing during the Covid-19 lockdown period in Tamil Nadu. The study aimed to understand how farmers leveraged digital tools to overcome marketing difficulties in marketing their produce during the lockdown period. The research focused on the time spent on digital tools, the purpose for which farmers used digital tools, and the awareness of e-commerce web portals for marketing their produce. The research was conducted in three districts of Tamil Nadu, viz., Krishnagiri, Erode, and Madurai, which were selected based on highest production of tomatoes, banana, and jasmine respectively. The findings revealed that the time spent by farmers on phone calls increased for marketing their produce during Covid-19 lockdown period, followed by SMS/WhatsApp/Telegram messaging to engage in direct communication and share information with buyers. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, Dig...
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge level of rice, millets, and cotton farmer... more The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge level of rice, millets, and cotton farmers on accessing agricultural information through smartphone. Ex Post Facto Research Design was followed in this study since it aimed to assess the knowledge level of farmers. The study was conducted during May and June 2022. It was decided to conduct the study on three types of crops representing wetland, dryland and commercial conditions, for comparison purposes. Based on maximum area under cultivation in the state, rice for wetland condition, millets for dryland condition and cotton for commercial farming were selected for the research. The study was conducted in three districts viz., Thanjavur, Salem and Virudhunagar, which were selected based on the highest area under rice, millets and cotton respectively. From each of the three districts, two blocks were selected and from the selected blocks, three villages from each block were selected for the study based on maximum area under the r...
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
The present study was carried out to analyse the constraints faced by rice growers in Cauvery Del... more The present study was carried out to analyse the constraints faced by rice growers in Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ) of Tamil Nadu in use of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) modern rice varieties and to elicit suggestions for improving the adoption of TNAU modern rice varieties. Ex-Post Facto Research Design was followed in this study since it aimed to know the constraints faced by the rice growers. The study was conducted during May and June 2022. The selected districts for the study were Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam and Mayiladuthurai based on maximum area under rice cultivation. From each of the four districts, two blocks were selected and from the selected blocks, two villages from each block were selected for the study based on maximum area under rice cultivation. Based on proportionate random sampling technique, 160 respondents were selected for the study. The responses of the respondents were subjected to frequency and percentage analysis. More than three fourth of t...
Trends in Biosciences, 2017
International journal of tropical agriculture, 2014
Madras Agricultural Journal, 2017
"e-Velanmai" in a coordination of personal and ICT based agricultural extension approach implemen... more "e-Velanmai" in a coordination of personal and ICT based agricultural extension approach implemented in Tamil Nadu to provide need based and timely advisories to farmers. An impact study of e-Velanmai model of extension, implemented by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, was undertaken in three districts viz., Coimbatore, Tirupur and Villupuram of Tamil Nadu with 90 beneficiary respondents and 90 non-beneficiary respondents. Research reveal that the beneficiary respondents were significantly higher in their extent of adoption of recommended technologies than that of the non-beneficiary respondents. Majority of the respondents had expressed medium level of social impact. Increasing the number of field coordinators, proving information on dayto-day market details and providing information on post harvest technology and value addition of coconut and other crops were the suggestions offered by the beneficiaries for improving the e-Velanmai services.
Journal of Extension Education, 2016
A research study was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of the Bhoochetana Project ... more A research study was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of the Bhoochetana Project of Government of Andhra Pradesh initiated in the year 2010-11 for distributing Soil Health Cards (SHCs) to farmers. Almost all the respondents were seen to be distributed between medium and high level categories in respect of value attribution to SHC recommendations. With respect to comparative value attribution, third rank was assigned to SHC recommendations. More than two-thirds (67.00%) of the respondents had high level of satisfaction on SHC recommendations. Out of the 100 respondents studied, 47 of them had followed SHC recommendations all the five years. Among adopters of SHC recommendations, 100% per cent of the farmers had adopted the SHC recommendations as such, without any deviation. Whereas, among non-Adopters of SHC recommendations, an overwhelming proportion (92.45%) of farmers fell under excess adoption category. Inadequate follow-up by extension agency was the foremost constraint expressed by majority of the respondents.
India's efforts to increase food grain production have been achieved through promoting large... more India's efforts to increase food grain production have been achieved through promoting large-scale crop intensification by extending the area under irrigation. The expansion of irrigation has resulted in several undesirable environmental consequences and there is a growing ...
AGRICULTURE UPDATE, 2017
A study was undertaken to study the impact of e-Velanmai model of extension, implemented by Tamil... more A study was undertaken to study the impact of e-Velanmai model of extension, implemented by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, which was undertaken in three districts viz., Coimbatore, Tirupur and Villupuram of Tamil Nadu, with 90 beneficiary respondents. A large proportion of the beneficiary respondents of Palar and Aliyar sub-basins had expressed 11-20 per cent yield increase. In case of the Varahanadhi sub-basin, more than one-fourth of the respondents had reported 11-20 per cent yield increase. Majority of the beneficiary respondents had reported low level of income increase. With respect to social impact, nearly three-fourths (73.40 %) of the beneficiary respondents had reported medium level of social impact.
Crop Research, 2018
The Government of Tamil Nadu during June 2015 had announced the “Kuruvai Special Assistance 2015 ... more The Government of Tamil Nadu during June 2015 had announced the “Kuruvai Special Assistance 2015 for Delta Districts” programme to boost rice production and productivity in the state. Among others, promotion of ‘Machine Transplantation’ of rice seedlings was one of the main components of this special package. To assess the success of this programme, a study was conducted to assess the impact of mechanical planting versus conventional planting, cost and returns, and feedback of farmers. The comparative economics of conventional and machine planting revealed the following: yield increased by nearly 40.00%; cost of cultivation decreased by 21.00%; cost of production reduced by 43.00% and ultimately net returns increased by more than four times (448.00%), over the manually planted fields. Farmers’ feedback on machine planting was very optimistic with all the beneficiaries expressing that they had opted for machine planting to overcome labour scarcity, and to increase their yields. Major...
JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION, 2018
During June 2015, the Government of Tamil Nadu implemented the "Kuruvai Season Special Assistance... more During June 2015, the Government of Tamil Nadu implemented the "Kuruvai Season Special Assistance 2015 for Delta districts" programme to boost rice production. A study was conducted to assess the impact of machine transplanting, which was an important component of this special package. The comparative economics of conventional and machine planting revealed that yield increased by nearly 40.00 per cent; cost of cultivation decreased by 21.00 per cent; cost of production reduced by 43.00 per cent; and net returns increased by more than four times (448.00 %), over the manually planted fields. Farmers' feedback on machine planting was very optimistic with all the beneficiaries expressing that they had opted for machine planting to overcome labour scarcity and to increase yields.
Journal of Extension Education, 2016
A study was carried out to assess the impact of e-Velanmai project, which is an ICT (Information ... more A study was carried out to assess the impact of e-Velanmai project, which is an ICT (Information and Communication Technology) enabled extension service implemented by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, in three districts viz., Coimbatore, Tirupur and Villupuram of Tamil Nadu state, with 180 farmer respondents (90 e-Velanmai beneficiaries and 90 non-beneficiaries). Partial budgeting analysis revealed that the beneficiary respondentswith respect to yield, it is noticed that the yield value of beneficiaries was higher than that of the non-beneficiaries. As a result the net-gain for the beneficiaries was Rs. 28,481 per acre. With respect to the constraints faced by beneficiaries, an overwhelming percentage (94.40 %) of the beneficiary respondents had expressed that they faced no constraints, while a small percentage (5.50 %) indicated that there is no direct contact with TNAU Scientists’, and no follow-up visit by Field Coordinators after giving advice (1.10 %).
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
The present study was conducted to examine the role of digital tools in agricultural marketing du... more The present study was conducted to examine the role of digital tools in agricultural marketing during the Covid-19 lockdown period in Tamil Nadu. The study aimed to understand how farmers leveraged digital tools to overcome marketing difficulties in marketing their produce during the lockdown period. The research focused on the time spent on digital tools, the purpose for which farmers used digital tools, and the awareness of e-commerce web portals for marketing their produce. The research was conducted in three districts of Tamil Nadu, viz., Krishnagiri, Erode, and Madurai, which were selected based on highest production of tomatoes, banana, and jasmine respectively. The findings revealed that the time spent by farmers on phone calls increased for marketing their produce during Covid-19 lockdown period, followed by SMS/WhatsApp/Telegram messaging to engage in direct communication and share information with buyers. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, Dig...
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge level of rice, millets, and cotton farmer... more The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge level of rice, millets, and cotton farmers on accessing agricultural information through smartphone. Ex Post Facto Research Design was followed in this study since it aimed to assess the knowledge level of farmers. The study was conducted during May and June 2022. It was decided to conduct the study on three types of crops representing wetland, dryland and commercial conditions, for comparison purposes. Based on maximum area under cultivation in the state, rice for wetland condition, millets for dryland condition and cotton for commercial farming were selected for the research. The study was conducted in three districts viz., Thanjavur, Salem and Virudhunagar, which were selected based on the highest area under rice, millets and cotton respectively. From each of the three districts, two blocks were selected and from the selected blocks, three villages from each block were selected for the study based on maximum area under the r...
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
The present study was carried out to analyse the constraints faced by rice growers in Cauvery Del... more The present study was carried out to analyse the constraints faced by rice growers in Cauvery Delta Zone (CDZ) of Tamil Nadu in use of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) modern rice varieties and to elicit suggestions for improving the adoption of TNAU modern rice varieties. Ex-Post Facto Research Design was followed in this study since it aimed to know the constraints faced by the rice growers. The study was conducted during May and June 2022. The selected districts for the study were Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam and Mayiladuthurai based on maximum area under rice cultivation. From each of the four districts, two blocks were selected and from the selected blocks, two villages from each block were selected for the study based on maximum area under rice cultivation. Based on proportionate random sampling technique, 160 respondents were selected for the study. The responses of the respondents were subjected to frequency and percentage analysis. More than three fourth of t...
Trends in Biosciences, 2017
International journal of tropical agriculture, 2014
Madras Agricultural Journal, 2017
"e-Velanmai" in a coordination of personal and ICT based agricultural extension approach implemen... more "e-Velanmai" in a coordination of personal and ICT based agricultural extension approach implemented in Tamil Nadu to provide need based and timely advisories to farmers. An impact study of e-Velanmai model of extension, implemented by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, was undertaken in three districts viz., Coimbatore, Tirupur and Villupuram of Tamil Nadu with 90 beneficiary respondents and 90 non-beneficiary respondents. Research reveal that the beneficiary respondents were significantly higher in their extent of adoption of recommended technologies than that of the non-beneficiary respondents. Majority of the respondents had expressed medium level of social impact. Increasing the number of field coordinators, proving information on dayto-day market details and providing information on post harvest technology and value addition of coconut and other crops were the suggestions offered by the beneficiaries for improving the e-Velanmai services.
Journal of Extension Education, 2016
A research study was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of the Bhoochetana Project ... more A research study was carried out in order to evaluate the performance of the Bhoochetana Project of Government of Andhra Pradesh initiated in the year 2010-11 for distributing Soil Health Cards (SHCs) to farmers. Almost all the respondents were seen to be distributed between medium and high level categories in respect of value attribution to SHC recommendations. With respect to comparative value attribution, third rank was assigned to SHC recommendations. More than two-thirds (67.00%) of the respondents had high level of satisfaction on SHC recommendations. Out of the 100 respondents studied, 47 of them had followed SHC recommendations all the five years. Among adopters of SHC recommendations, 100% per cent of the farmers had adopted the SHC recommendations as such, without any deviation. Whereas, among non-Adopters of SHC recommendations, an overwhelming proportion (92.45%) of farmers fell under excess adoption category. Inadequate follow-up by extension agency was the foremost constraint expressed by majority of the respondents.
India's efforts to increase food grain production have been achieved through promoting large... more India's efforts to increase food grain production have been achieved through promoting large-scale crop intensification by extending the area under irrigation. The expansion of irrigation has resulted in several undesirable environmental consequences and there is a growing ...
AGRICULTURE UPDATE, 2017
A study was undertaken to study the impact of e-Velanmai model of extension, implemented by Tamil... more A study was undertaken to study the impact of e-Velanmai model of extension, implemented by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, which was undertaken in three districts viz., Coimbatore, Tirupur and Villupuram of Tamil Nadu, with 90 beneficiary respondents. A large proportion of the beneficiary respondents of Palar and Aliyar sub-basins had expressed 11-20 per cent yield increase. In case of the Varahanadhi sub-basin, more than one-fourth of the respondents had reported 11-20 per cent yield increase. Majority of the beneficiary respondents had reported low level of income increase. With respect to social impact, nearly three-fourths (73.40 %) of the beneficiary respondents had reported medium level of social impact.
Crop Research, 2018
The Government of Tamil Nadu during June 2015 had announced the “Kuruvai Special Assistance 2015 ... more The Government of Tamil Nadu during June 2015 had announced the “Kuruvai Special Assistance 2015 for Delta Districts” programme to boost rice production and productivity in the state. Among others, promotion of ‘Machine Transplantation’ of rice seedlings was one of the main components of this special package. To assess the success of this programme, a study was conducted to assess the impact of mechanical planting versus conventional planting, cost and returns, and feedback of farmers. The comparative economics of conventional and machine planting revealed the following: yield increased by nearly 40.00%; cost of cultivation decreased by 21.00%; cost of production reduced by 43.00% and ultimately net returns increased by more than four times (448.00%), over the manually planted fields. Farmers’ feedback on machine planting was very optimistic with all the beneficiaries expressing that they had opted for machine planting to overcome labour scarcity, and to increase their yields. Major...
JOURNAL OF EXTENSION EDUCATION, 2018
During June 2015, the Government of Tamil Nadu implemented the "Kuruvai Season Special Assistance... more During June 2015, the Government of Tamil Nadu implemented the "Kuruvai Season Special Assistance 2015 for Delta districts" programme to boost rice production. A study was conducted to assess the impact of machine transplanting, which was an important component of this special package. The comparative economics of conventional and machine planting revealed that yield increased by nearly 40.00 per cent; cost of cultivation decreased by 21.00 per cent; cost of production reduced by 43.00 per cent; and net returns increased by more than four times (448.00 %), over the manually planted fields. Farmers' feedback on machine planting was very optimistic with all the beneficiaries expressing that they had opted for machine planting to overcome labour scarcity and to increase yields.
Journal of Extension Education, 2016
A study was carried out to assess the impact of e-Velanmai project, which is an ICT (Information ... more A study was carried out to assess the impact of e-Velanmai project, which is an ICT (Information and Communication Technology) enabled extension service implemented by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, in three districts viz., Coimbatore, Tirupur and Villupuram of Tamil Nadu state, with 180 farmer respondents (90 e-Velanmai beneficiaries and 90 non-beneficiaries). Partial budgeting analysis revealed that the beneficiary respondentswith respect to yield, it is noticed that the yield value of beneficiaries was higher than that of the non-beneficiaries. As a result the net-gain for the beneficiaries was Rs. 28,481 per acre. With respect to the constraints faced by beneficiaries, an overwhelming percentage (94.40 %) of the beneficiary respondents had expressed that they faced no constraints, while a small percentage (5.50 %) indicated that there is no direct contact with TNAU Scientists’, and no follow-up visit by Field Coordinators after giving advice (1.10 %).