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Papers by Raywat Deonandan
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Performance-based financing (PBF)—a supply-side strategy that incentivizes health providers based... more Performance-based financing (PBF)—a supply-side strategy that incentivizes health providers based on predefined quality and quantity criteria—introduced an innovative approach to reaching the poor by means of using PBF equity instruments. These PBF equity instruments include paying providers more to reach out to poor women, selecting services used by the poor, subsidizing user fees to reduce out-of-pocket expenses, and adding complementary demand-side intervention. Before the implementation of the PBF equity instrument in Cameroon, there were few initiatives/schemes to enable the poor to access maternal health services. Moreover, there is a significant research gap on how the equity elements are defined and implemented across contexts. This study aims to understand (i) how health facilities define and classify the poor and vulnerable in the context of PBF, (ii) how the equity elements are implemented at the community and facility levels, and (iii) the potential impact on access to a...
PLOS ONE
Background The HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to be a major public health concern, particularly in S... more Background The HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to be a major public health concern, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite efforts to reduce new infections and deaths with the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), SSA countries continue to bear the heaviest burden of HIV/AIDS globally, accounting for two-thirds of global new infections. The goal of this review is to identify common barriers to ART adherence as well as common effective interventions that can be implemented across SSA countries to improve ART adherence. Methods A systematic review of published studies on adult HIV-positive patients aged 15 or above, that have assessed the barriers to ART adherence and interventions improving patients’ adherence to ART in SSA countries shall be conducted. We will conduct electronic searches for articles that have been published starting from January 2010 onwards. The databases that shall be searched will include Medline Ovid, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus. The review will include ex...
Risk communication is a foundation of the practice of public health. It is traditionally based on... more Risk communication is a foundation of the practice of public health. It is traditionally based on a carefully considered epidemiological computation of the likelihood of experiencing a condition given the presence of a particular exposure or behaviour. The extent to which numerical precision is important in such communication is a function of the availability of good statistics, the ability of the target audience to appreciate the meaning of the statistics, and the emotional heft represented by the chosen statistic. There is an inherent danger, however, in overweighting the latter consideration at the expense of the former two. When emotional impact and behavioural change become goals to the exclusion of complete scientific credibility, we risk brushing against the realm of propaganda in service of unexplored unconscious societal moralism. In this era of heightened distrust of state authority, it behooves public health communication to avoid the suggestion of data misrepresentation ...
In Ontario during the early 1990's, the socialist provincial government instituted a system o... more In Ontario during the early 1990's, the socialist provincial government instituted a system of compelled unpaid days for all public employees. This was an attempt to reduce the payrolls and avoid layoffs. A failed experiment that helped sow the seeds for a subsequent hard-right government, this flirtation with voluntary salary restraint inadvertently allowed some perspective into a larger concern: the public perception of the role of government.
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2014
Reproductive medical tourism is an emerging and ethically problematic phenomenon existing at the ... more Reproductive medical tourism is an emerging and ethically problematic phenomenon existing at the interface between commerce and clinical care. Defined by Ferraretti, Pennings, Gianaroli, Natali and Magli (2010) as “the traveling of citizens from their country of residence to another country in order to receive a specific treatment or to exercise personal reproductive choice,” reproductive tourism occurs in many parts of the world and can involve the seeking of a variety of so-called assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), gamete donation and surrogacy. For the present purposes, reproductive medical tourism is defined as an instance of a human being crossing an international border to seek an assisted reproductive technology service. According to this definition, the transport of gametes does not qualify, nor does travel for the purpose of gamete donation. Mos...
Journal of Health and Medical Sciences, 2022
Panspermia is the theory that life has been transported between bodies in the solar system by mea... more Panspermia is the theory that life has been transported between bodies in the solar system by means of asteroid or cometary impact. Assuming that panspermia is true, and that genetically related microbial life exists outside of our planet, then it is possible that such life could pose an infectious threat to the terrestrial biosphere. We offer several assumptions of the characteristics that such life might possess and extrapolate the likely epidemiological compartment approach to be applied when attempting to model the impact of an Earthly epidemic originating from an extraterrestrial pathogen.
Journal of Health and Medical Sciences, 2023
Risk communication is a foundation of the practice of public health. It is traditionally based on... more Risk communication is a foundation of the practice of public health. It is traditionally based on a carefully considered epidemiological computation of the likelihood of experiencing a condition given the presence of a particular exposure or behaviour. The extent to which numerical precision is important in such communication is a function of the availability of good statistics, the ability of the target audience to appreciate the meaning of the statistics, and the emotional heft represented by the chosen statistic. There is an inherent danger, however, in overweighting the latter consideration at the expense of the former two. When emotional impact and behavioural change become goals to the exclusion of complete scientific credibility, we risk brushing against the realm of propaganda in service of unexplored unconscious societal moralism. In this era of heightened distrust of state authority, it behooves public health communication to avoid the suggestion of data misrepresentation in service of behaviour change, regardless of how socially desirable that change might be.
Journal of Health and Medical Sciences, 2022
Panspermia is the theory that life has been transported between bodies in the solar system by mea... more Panspermia is the theory that life has been transported between bodies in the solar system by means of asteroid or cometary impact. Assuming that panspermia is true, and that genetically related microbial life exists outside of our planet, then it is possible that such life could pose an infectious threat to the terrestrial biosphere. We offer several assumptions of the characteristics that such life might possess and extrapolate the likely epidemiological compartment approach to be applied when attempting to model the impact of an Earthly epidemic originating from an extraterrestrial pathogen.
Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences, 2013
Barack Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and A ordable Care Act (PPACA) [1], commonly ... more Barack Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and A ordable Care Act (PPACA) [1], commonly called "Obamacare". Represening the most signi cant revision of the American health care system in over four decades, PPACA is aimed primarily at decreasing the number of uninsured Americans and reducing the overall out-ofpocket costs of indidivual health care.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The data from the 1996-97 Ontario Health Survey (OHS) were examined to describe... more EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The data from the 1996-97 Ontario Health Survey (OHS) were examined to describe the utilization of selected allied medical services, specifically rehabilitation, chiropractic and psychosocial therapy and counseling, among Ontario ...
Medical Teacher, 1999
SUMMAR Y This article discusses the development, delivery and evaluation of an electronic extramu... more SUMMAR Y This article discusses the development, delivery and evaluation of an electronic extramural course, `Fundamentals of Clinical Trials ’ , a CME course designed to reach physicians and health care researchers without easy access to a local university. Ten week-long modules of instr uction were developed.These were based on a graduate course in clinical trials, standard textbook topics and additional course materials speci ® cally developed for the course. Questions and course topics were to be discussed by the students, and each participant was encouraged to present an actual or proposed clinical trial to the virtual class. Communication between students and tutors could be either `one to one ’ or through a listser ve, i.e. an automated mailing list available to all participants which copied and routed any message instantly to all participants. Ongoing evaluation of the course was accomplished by questions monitoring students ’ attitudes and needs, and a more extensive on-lin...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Performance-based financing (PBF)—a supply-side strategy that incentivizes health providers based... more Performance-based financing (PBF)—a supply-side strategy that incentivizes health providers based on predefined quality and quantity criteria—introduced an innovative approach to reaching the poor by means of using PBF equity instruments. These PBF equity instruments include paying providers more to reach out to poor women, selecting services used by the poor, subsidizing user fees to reduce out-of-pocket expenses, and adding complementary demand-side intervention. Before the implementation of the PBF equity instrument in Cameroon, there were few initiatives/schemes to enable the poor to access maternal health services. Moreover, there is a significant research gap on how the equity elements are defined and implemented across contexts. This study aims to understand (i) how health facilities define and classify the poor and vulnerable in the context of PBF, (ii) how the equity elements are implemented at the community and facility levels, and (iii) the potential impact on access to a...
PLOS ONE
Background The HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to be a major public health concern, particularly in S... more Background The HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to be a major public health concern, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite efforts to reduce new infections and deaths with the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), SSA countries continue to bear the heaviest burden of HIV/AIDS globally, accounting for two-thirds of global new infections. The goal of this review is to identify common barriers to ART adherence as well as common effective interventions that can be implemented across SSA countries to improve ART adherence. Methods A systematic review of published studies on adult HIV-positive patients aged 15 or above, that have assessed the barriers to ART adherence and interventions improving patients’ adherence to ART in SSA countries shall be conducted. We will conduct electronic searches for articles that have been published starting from January 2010 onwards. The databases that shall be searched will include Medline Ovid, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus. The review will include ex...
Risk communication is a foundation of the practice of public health. It is traditionally based on... more Risk communication is a foundation of the practice of public health. It is traditionally based on a carefully considered epidemiological computation of the likelihood of experiencing a condition given the presence of a particular exposure or behaviour. The extent to which numerical precision is important in such communication is a function of the availability of good statistics, the ability of the target audience to appreciate the meaning of the statistics, and the emotional heft represented by the chosen statistic. There is an inherent danger, however, in overweighting the latter consideration at the expense of the former two. When emotional impact and behavioural change become goals to the exclusion of complete scientific credibility, we risk brushing against the realm of propaganda in service of unexplored unconscious societal moralism. In this era of heightened distrust of state authority, it behooves public health communication to avoid the suggestion of data misrepresentation ...
In Ontario during the early 1990's, the socialist provincial government instituted a system o... more In Ontario during the early 1990's, the socialist provincial government instituted a system of compelled unpaid days for all public employees. This was an attempt to reduce the payrolls and avoid layoffs. A failed experiment that helped sow the seeds for a subsequent hard-right government, this flirtation with voluntary salary restraint inadvertently allowed some perspective into a larger concern: the public perception of the role of government.
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2014
Reproductive medical tourism is an emerging and ethically problematic phenomenon existing at the ... more Reproductive medical tourism is an emerging and ethically problematic phenomenon existing at the interface between commerce and clinical care. Defined by Ferraretti, Pennings, Gianaroli, Natali and Magli (2010) as “the traveling of citizens from their country of residence to another country in order to receive a specific treatment or to exercise personal reproductive choice,” reproductive tourism occurs in many parts of the world and can involve the seeking of a variety of so-called assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), including in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), gamete donation and surrogacy. For the present purposes, reproductive medical tourism is defined as an instance of a human being crossing an international border to seek an assisted reproductive technology service. According to this definition, the transport of gametes does not qualify, nor does travel for the purpose of gamete donation. Mos...
Journal of Health and Medical Sciences, 2022
Panspermia is the theory that life has been transported between bodies in the solar system by mea... more Panspermia is the theory that life has been transported between bodies in the solar system by means of asteroid or cometary impact. Assuming that panspermia is true, and that genetically related microbial life exists outside of our planet, then it is possible that such life could pose an infectious threat to the terrestrial biosphere. We offer several assumptions of the characteristics that such life might possess and extrapolate the likely epidemiological compartment approach to be applied when attempting to model the impact of an Earthly epidemic originating from an extraterrestrial pathogen.
Journal of Health and Medical Sciences, 2023
Risk communication is a foundation of the practice of public health. It is traditionally based on... more Risk communication is a foundation of the practice of public health. It is traditionally based on a carefully considered epidemiological computation of the likelihood of experiencing a condition given the presence of a particular exposure or behaviour. The extent to which numerical precision is important in such communication is a function of the availability of good statistics, the ability of the target audience to appreciate the meaning of the statistics, and the emotional heft represented by the chosen statistic. There is an inherent danger, however, in overweighting the latter consideration at the expense of the former two. When emotional impact and behavioural change become goals to the exclusion of complete scientific credibility, we risk brushing against the realm of propaganda in service of unexplored unconscious societal moralism. In this era of heightened distrust of state authority, it behooves public health communication to avoid the suggestion of data misrepresentation in service of behaviour change, regardless of how socially desirable that change might be.
Journal of Health and Medical Sciences, 2022
Panspermia is the theory that life has been transported between bodies in the solar system by mea... more Panspermia is the theory that life has been transported between bodies in the solar system by means of asteroid or cometary impact. Assuming that panspermia is true, and that genetically related microbial life exists outside of our planet, then it is possible that such life could pose an infectious threat to the terrestrial biosphere. We offer several assumptions of the characteristics that such life might possess and extrapolate the likely epidemiological compartment approach to be applied when attempting to model the impact of an Earthly epidemic originating from an extraterrestrial pathogen.
Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences, 2013
Barack Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and A ordable Care Act (PPACA) [1], commonly ... more Barack Obama signed into law the Patient Protection and A ordable Care Act (PPACA) [1], commonly called "Obamacare". Represening the most signi cant revision of the American health care system in over four decades, PPACA is aimed primarily at decreasing the number of uninsured Americans and reducing the overall out-ofpocket costs of indidivual health care.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The data from the 1996-97 Ontario Health Survey (OHS) were examined to describe... more EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The data from the 1996-97 Ontario Health Survey (OHS) were examined to describe the utilization of selected allied medical services, specifically rehabilitation, chiropractic and psychosocial therapy and counseling, among Ontario ...
Medical Teacher, 1999
SUMMAR Y This article discusses the development, delivery and evaluation of an electronic extramu... more SUMMAR Y This article discusses the development, delivery and evaluation of an electronic extramural course, `Fundamentals of Clinical Trials ’ , a CME course designed to reach physicians and health care researchers without easy access to a local university. Ten week-long modules of instr uction were developed.These were based on a graduate course in clinical trials, standard textbook topics and additional course materials speci ® cally developed for the course. Questions and course topics were to be discussed by the students, and each participant was encouraged to present an actual or proposed clinical trial to the virtual class. Communication between students and tutors could be either `one to one ’ or through a listser ve, i.e. an automated mailing list available to all participants which copied and routed any message instantly to all participants. Ongoing evaluation of the course was accomplished by questions monitoring students ’ attitudes and needs, and a more extensive on-lin...