P. Reale - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by P. Reale
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2016
Sodium alanate has proven to be a feasible candidate for electrochemical applications. Within a l... more Sodium alanate has proven to be a feasible candidate for electrochemical applications. Within a lithium cell, NaAlH4 closely approaches its theoretical capacity of 1985 mAhg−1 upon the first discharge. Despite its high specific capacity, NaAlH4 suffers from poor cycle efficiency, mostly due to the severe volume expansion following the conversion reaction and resulting in damage to electrode mechanical integrity with loss of electrical contact. Synthesis of an appropriate composite alanate/carbon by high energy ball milling demonstrates an ability to mitigate these deleterious effects, whereby large improvements in terms of electrochemical reversibility can be achieved. In order to highlight the effects of mechanochemical treatment on the electrochemical properties of NaAlH4, new insights on such NaAlH4/C composites are reported. Solid state NMR has been used to study the impact of ball milling on the NaAlH4 crystal structure, while, the hydrogen content and associated desorption properties have been evaluated by thermal programmed desorption measurements. Also, electrochemical features have been analyzed via the combined application of potentiodynamic cycling with galvanostatic acceleration and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Finally, new evidence concerning the reversibility of the conversion processes has been obtained by ex-situ NMR measurements on cycled electrodes
2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2015
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2001
ABSTRACT
Advanced Materials, 2009
Lithium-ion batteries are light and compact and operate using voltages on the order of 4 V and wi... more Lithium-ion batteries are light and compact and operate using voltages on the order of 4 V and with energy densities ranging between 150 W h kg À1 and 250 W h kg À1. [1] Due to their highcapacity of energy storage, lithium-ion batteries have triggered the growth of the consumer electronics market and now are the power sources of choice for many popular devices, including mobile phones, laptop computers, and Mp3 players. Accordingly, lithium ion batteries are today produced in billions of units per year. [2] Although already a commercial reality, lithium-ion batteries are expected to enter into markets beyond the consumer, portable electronic sector. The main drivers for this market evolution are: i) the concern regarding global warming, which urgently requires a much greater proportion of clean, renewable energy sources than are used at present; and ii) the continuously growing interest, both ecological and industrial, in moving from gasoline-powered internal combustion engine cars to lowemission electric or hybrid vehicles. Systems such as lithium batteries that can efficiently store and deliver energy on demand in stand-alone or grid-connected renewable power plants (REPs) and provide power quality and load-levelling of the electrical grid in the case of integrated systems, are playing, at different time scales, a crucial role in this field. [3-5] Another important prospective market for lithium batteries is sustainable transportation. Low-emission cars, such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles, HEVs, and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, PHEVs, are already on the road and it is expected that their penetration into the automobile market will continuously grow. In addition, zero-emission, full-electric vehicles, EVs, are also expected to be a commercial reality in a not-too-distant future. This potential gives great incentives for battery technology breakthroughs aimed at optimization of their performance and thus, enhancing their market competitiveness and penetration. Lithium-ion batteries are identified as the power systems of choice for such applications because they are considered the only solution able to guarantee a wide diffusion of HEVs at high level of hybridization. [6] However, scaling up the chemistry used in the available lithium batteries for vehicles or for renewable energy plants is problematic. Barriers of various natures still prevent this step. They include safety, cycle-life, energy density, performance over wide temperature ranges, and materials availability. The
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2018
The aim of this paper, by focusing on the construction chain, is to provide a functional-cognitiv... more The aim of this paper, by focusing on the construction chain, is to provide a functional-cognitive framework for orienting the use of all the available resources including raw materials, products and by-products but also residues and wastes in order to support national resource efficiency policies, to identify potential actions and to achieve resources efficiency and sustainable waste management within the entire supply chain. A material flow analysis (MFA) has been developed, on a national basis in Italy, and extended to the whole chain of construction and quarrying activities as a tool to develop the cognitive approach using the most recent data on production, sale and import-export, and to establish the potential domestic demand for each product. Waste production, current management and the potential of reuse within the chain have been investigated for several categories of wastes. The potential substitution of raw materials by residues produced in other industrial sectors has been also investigated, identifying their current reuse rate, the potential not yet exploited as well as the operational constrains and the critical issues. From this analysis enormous potentialities emerge for waste valorization and raw material substitutions that nowadays are not adequately exploited. Significant efforts, in term of national policies and strategies are needed to effectively shift towards a full resources management efficiency and circular economy development. Keywords Construction chain • Resource efficiency plan • Material flow analysis • Construction and demolition waste • Circular economy Statement of Novelty This research fully supports the European directives and policies implementation on sustainable waste management strategies and circular economy in one of the most strategic waste production sector. The novelty of the approach lies in the material flow analysis carried out on a national basis, that covers the whole chain of construction activities and expands to other sectors, with the aim of developing a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the opportunities not yet exploited in waste recycling and raw materials substitution in the field of construction materials. The reported research will have impacts in addressing national policies and strategies in those sectors where further efforts are urgently needed to implement a strategic resource efficiency plan, within a sustainable construction waste management.
Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 2009
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters, 2012
A high capacity lithium alloying composite in which 10-50 nm size tin (Sn) particles are trapped ... more A high capacity lithium alloying composite in which 10-50 nm size tin (Sn) particles are trapped within a carbon matrix is here deeply studied by employing in-situ X-ray diffraction during the electrochemical reaction in lithium cell. The reversibility of the process is evidenced by the vanishing and the re-appearing of the crystallographic peaks associated with the Sn metal, while the signatures of few Li-Sn alloys are identified as the intermediate reaction products. These clear evidences, in addition to the electrochemical charge-discharge tests run using the tin carbon composite as working electrode in the lithium cell, demonstrate the high reversibility of the process, and hence the valid role of the tin carbon composite as high performance electrode for advanced lithium ion batteries
Journal of Power Sources, 2008
In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterisation of novel methacrylic based polymer el... more In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterisation of novel methacrylic based polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium batteries. The method adopted for preparing the solid polymer electrolyte was the UV-curing process, which is well known for being easy, low cost, fast and reliable. It consists of a free radical photo polymerisation of poly-functional monomers: Bisphenol A ethoxylate (15 EO/phenol) dimethacrylate (BEMA) was chosen, as it can readily form flexible 3D networks and has long poly-ethoxy chains which can enhance the movement of Li +-ions inside the polymer matrix. The preliminary results reported here refer to systems where LiPF 6 solutions swelled the preformed polymer membranes. The tests on the conductivity, stability and cyclability of the membranes put in evidence the importance of the polymerisation in presence of mono-methacrylates acting as reactive diluents. Good values of ionic conductivity have been found, especially at ambient temperature. Much better results can be expected by choosing an appropriate mono-methacrylate to modify the polymeric membrane properties and by modifying the methodology of Li +-ions incorporation inside the polymer matrix.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2002
ABSTRACT Hydrated Fe-III phosphates were investigated as positive electrode materials in lithium ... more ABSTRACT Hydrated Fe-III phosphates were investigated as positive electrode materials in lithium batteries. Reversible lithium insertion into amorphous and crystalline FePO4.nH(2)O and Fe-4(P2O7)(3).nH(2)O compositions was found at potentials between 3.5 and 2.5 V vs. Li+/Li. The roles of (i) specific surface area, (ii) amorphous vs. crystalline state, (iii) H2O content, and (i v) electronic contact between particles in the composite positive electrode, on the electrochemical performances of these materials are discussed. Very stable cycling was obtained for optimized FePO4.1.6H(2)O and Fe-4(P2O7)(3).4H(2)O electrodes at an average voltage of 3.0 and 3.2 V vs. Li+/Li, respectively. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society.
Chemistry of Materials, 2003
... Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy. Charles Delacourt, Calin ... more ... Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy. Charles Delacourt, Calin Wurm, Mathieu Morcrette, and Christian Masquelier*. Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St. ...
Journal of the …, 2002
... Christian Masquelier, Priscilla Reale, Calin Wurm, Mathieu Morcrette, Loïc Dupont, Dominique ... more ... Christian Masquelier, Priscilla Reale, Calin Wurm, Mathieu Morcrette, Loïc Dupont, Dominique Larcher. Abstract. ... N. Ravet, JB Goodenough, S. Besner, M. Simoneau, P. Hovington, and M. Armand, Abstract 127, The Electrochemical Society Meeting Abstracts, Vol. ...
… and Solid State Letters, 2000
Electrochimica Acta
The implementation of high potential materials as positive electrodes in high energy Li-ion batte... more The implementation of high potential materials as positive electrodes in high energy Li-ion batteries requires to develop scalable and smart synthetic routes. In the case of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel material, a successful preparation strategy must drive the phase formation in order to obtain structural, morphological and surface properties capable to boost performances in lithium cells and minimize the electrolyte degradation. Here we discuss a novel simple and easily scalable mechanochemical synthetic route, followed by a high temperature annealing in air, to prepare LMNO materials starting from oxides. A synergic doping with chromium and iron has been incorporated, resulting in the spontaneous segregation of a CrOx-rich surface layer. The effect of the annealing temperature on the physico-chemical properties of the LMNO material has been investigated as well as the effect on the performances in Licells.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015
Novel chemistries for secondary batteries are investigated worldwide in order to boost the develo... more Novel chemistries for secondary batteries are investigated worldwide in order to boost the development of next-generation rechargeable storage systems and especially of lithium-devices. High capacity anode materials for Li-ion cells are at the center stage of R&D in order to improve the performances. In this view, conversion materials are an exciting playground. Among the various proposed class of conversion anodes, metal hydrides are probably the most challenging and promising due to the high theoretical capacities, instability toward the standard carbonate-based electrolytes, large volume variations upon cycling, and moderately low working voltages. Among them lightweight hydrides, like alkaline alanates, are an almost unexplored family of materials. In this study, we present a fundamental study on the electrochemical conversion reaction of sodium alanates: NaAlH4, Na3AlH6, and Na2LiAlH6. Our goal is to improve the understanding of the basic solid-state electrochemistry that drives the conversion reacti...
Journal of Power Sources, 2001
not Available.
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2009
Environmental Science & Technology, 2008
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2016
Sodium alanate has proven to be a feasible candidate for electrochemical applications. Within a l... more Sodium alanate has proven to be a feasible candidate for electrochemical applications. Within a lithium cell, NaAlH4 closely approaches its theoretical capacity of 1985 mAhg−1 upon the first discharge. Despite its high specific capacity, NaAlH4 suffers from poor cycle efficiency, mostly due to the severe volume expansion following the conversion reaction and resulting in damage to electrode mechanical integrity with loss of electrical contact. Synthesis of an appropriate composite alanate/carbon by high energy ball milling demonstrates an ability to mitigate these deleterious effects, whereby large improvements in terms of electrochemical reversibility can be achieved. In order to highlight the effects of mechanochemical treatment on the electrochemical properties of NaAlH4, new insights on such NaAlH4/C composites are reported. Solid state NMR has been used to study the impact of ball milling on the NaAlH4 crystal structure, while, the hydrogen content and associated desorption properties have been evaluated by thermal programmed desorption measurements. Also, electrochemical features have been analyzed via the combined application of potentiodynamic cycling with galvanostatic acceleration and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Finally, new evidence concerning the reversibility of the conversion processes has been obtained by ex-situ NMR measurements on cycled electrodes
2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2015
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2001
ABSTRACT
Advanced Materials, 2009
Lithium-ion batteries are light and compact and operate using voltages on the order of 4 V and wi... more Lithium-ion batteries are light and compact and operate using voltages on the order of 4 V and with energy densities ranging between 150 W h kg À1 and 250 W h kg À1. [1] Due to their highcapacity of energy storage, lithium-ion batteries have triggered the growth of the consumer electronics market and now are the power sources of choice for many popular devices, including mobile phones, laptop computers, and Mp3 players. Accordingly, lithium ion batteries are today produced in billions of units per year. [2] Although already a commercial reality, lithium-ion batteries are expected to enter into markets beyond the consumer, portable electronic sector. The main drivers for this market evolution are: i) the concern regarding global warming, which urgently requires a much greater proportion of clean, renewable energy sources than are used at present; and ii) the continuously growing interest, both ecological and industrial, in moving from gasoline-powered internal combustion engine cars to lowemission electric or hybrid vehicles. Systems such as lithium batteries that can efficiently store and deliver energy on demand in stand-alone or grid-connected renewable power plants (REPs) and provide power quality and load-levelling of the electrical grid in the case of integrated systems, are playing, at different time scales, a crucial role in this field. [3-5] Another important prospective market for lithium batteries is sustainable transportation. Low-emission cars, such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles, HEVs, and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, PHEVs, are already on the road and it is expected that their penetration into the automobile market will continuously grow. In addition, zero-emission, full-electric vehicles, EVs, are also expected to be a commercial reality in a not-too-distant future. This potential gives great incentives for battery technology breakthroughs aimed at optimization of their performance and thus, enhancing their market competitiveness and penetration. Lithium-ion batteries are identified as the power systems of choice for such applications because they are considered the only solution able to guarantee a wide diffusion of HEVs at high level of hybridization. [6] However, scaling up the chemistry used in the available lithium batteries for vehicles or for renewable energy plants is problematic. Barriers of various natures still prevent this step. They include safety, cycle-life, energy density, performance over wide temperature ranges, and materials availability. The
Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2018
The aim of this paper, by focusing on the construction chain, is to provide a functional-cognitiv... more The aim of this paper, by focusing on the construction chain, is to provide a functional-cognitive framework for orienting the use of all the available resources including raw materials, products and by-products but also residues and wastes in order to support national resource efficiency policies, to identify potential actions and to achieve resources efficiency and sustainable waste management within the entire supply chain. A material flow analysis (MFA) has been developed, on a national basis in Italy, and extended to the whole chain of construction and quarrying activities as a tool to develop the cognitive approach using the most recent data on production, sale and import-export, and to establish the potential domestic demand for each product. Waste production, current management and the potential of reuse within the chain have been investigated for several categories of wastes. The potential substitution of raw materials by residues produced in other industrial sectors has been also investigated, identifying their current reuse rate, the potential not yet exploited as well as the operational constrains and the critical issues. From this analysis enormous potentialities emerge for waste valorization and raw material substitutions that nowadays are not adequately exploited. Significant efforts, in term of national policies and strategies are needed to effectively shift towards a full resources management efficiency and circular economy development. Keywords Construction chain • Resource efficiency plan • Material flow analysis • Construction and demolition waste • Circular economy Statement of Novelty This research fully supports the European directives and policies implementation on sustainable waste management strategies and circular economy in one of the most strategic waste production sector. The novelty of the approach lies in the material flow analysis carried out on a national basis, that covers the whole chain of construction activities and expands to other sectors, with the aim of developing a comprehensive and quantitative evaluation of the opportunities not yet exploited in waste recycling and raw materials substitution in the field of construction materials. The reported research will have impacts in addressing national policies and strategies in those sectors where further efforts are urgently needed to implement a strategic resource efficiency plan, within a sustainable construction waste management.
Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 2009
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters, 2012
A high capacity lithium alloying composite in which 10-50 nm size tin (Sn) particles are trapped ... more A high capacity lithium alloying composite in which 10-50 nm size tin (Sn) particles are trapped within a carbon matrix is here deeply studied by employing in-situ X-ray diffraction during the electrochemical reaction in lithium cell. The reversibility of the process is evidenced by the vanishing and the re-appearing of the crystallographic peaks associated with the Sn metal, while the signatures of few Li-Sn alloys are identified as the intermediate reaction products. These clear evidences, in addition to the electrochemical charge-discharge tests run using the tin carbon composite as working electrode in the lithium cell, demonstrate the high reversibility of the process, and hence the valid role of the tin carbon composite as high performance electrode for advanced lithium ion batteries
Journal of Power Sources, 2008
In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterisation of novel methacrylic based polymer el... more In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterisation of novel methacrylic based polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium batteries. The method adopted for preparing the solid polymer electrolyte was the UV-curing process, which is well known for being easy, low cost, fast and reliable. It consists of a free radical photo polymerisation of poly-functional monomers: Bisphenol A ethoxylate (15 EO/phenol) dimethacrylate (BEMA) was chosen, as it can readily form flexible 3D networks and has long poly-ethoxy chains which can enhance the movement of Li +-ions inside the polymer matrix. The preliminary results reported here refer to systems where LiPF 6 solutions swelled the preformed polymer membranes. The tests on the conductivity, stability and cyclability of the membranes put in evidence the importance of the polymerisation in presence of mono-methacrylates acting as reactive diluents. Good values of ionic conductivity have been found, especially at ambient temperature. Much better results can be expected by choosing an appropriate mono-methacrylate to modify the polymeric membrane properties and by modifying the methodology of Li +-ions incorporation inside the polymer matrix.
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2002
ABSTRACT Hydrated Fe-III phosphates were investigated as positive electrode materials in lithium ... more ABSTRACT Hydrated Fe-III phosphates were investigated as positive electrode materials in lithium batteries. Reversible lithium insertion into amorphous and crystalline FePO4.nH(2)O and Fe-4(P2O7)(3).nH(2)O compositions was found at potentials between 3.5 and 2.5 V vs. Li+/Li. The roles of (i) specific surface area, (ii) amorphous vs. crystalline state, (iii) H2O content, and (i v) electronic contact between particles in the composite positive electrode, on the electrochemical performances of these materials are discussed. Very stable cycling was obtained for optimized FePO4.1.6H(2)O and Fe-4(P2O7)(3).4H(2)O electrodes at an average voltage of 3.0 and 3.2 V vs. Li+/Li, respectively. (C) 2002 The Electrochemical Society.
Chemistry of Materials, 2003
... Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy. Charles Delacourt, Calin ... more ... Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy. Charles Delacourt, Calin Wurm, Mathieu Morcrette, and Christian Masquelier*. Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue St. ...
Journal of the …, 2002
... Christian Masquelier, Priscilla Reale, Calin Wurm, Mathieu Morcrette, Loïc Dupont, Dominique ... more ... Christian Masquelier, Priscilla Reale, Calin Wurm, Mathieu Morcrette, Loïc Dupont, Dominique Larcher. Abstract. ... N. Ravet, JB Goodenough, S. Besner, M. Simoneau, P. Hovington, and M. Armand, Abstract 127, The Electrochemical Society Meeting Abstracts, Vol. ...
… and Solid State Letters, 2000
Electrochimica Acta
The implementation of high potential materials as positive electrodes in high energy Li-ion batte... more The implementation of high potential materials as positive electrodes in high energy Li-ion batteries requires to develop scalable and smart synthetic routes. In the case of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) spinel material, a successful preparation strategy must drive the phase formation in order to obtain structural, morphological and surface properties capable to boost performances in lithium cells and minimize the electrolyte degradation. Here we discuss a novel simple and easily scalable mechanochemical synthetic route, followed by a high temperature annealing in air, to prepare LMNO materials starting from oxides. A synergic doping with chromium and iron has been incorporated, resulting in the spontaneous segregation of a CrOx-rich surface layer. The effect of the annealing temperature on the physico-chemical properties of the LMNO material has been investigated as well as the effect on the performances in Licells.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2015
Novel chemistries for secondary batteries are investigated worldwide in order to boost the develo... more Novel chemistries for secondary batteries are investigated worldwide in order to boost the development of next-generation rechargeable storage systems and especially of lithium-devices. High capacity anode materials for Li-ion cells are at the center stage of R&D in order to improve the performances. In this view, conversion materials are an exciting playground. Among the various proposed class of conversion anodes, metal hydrides are probably the most challenging and promising due to the high theoretical capacities, instability toward the standard carbonate-based electrolytes, large volume variations upon cycling, and moderately low working voltages. Among them lightweight hydrides, like alkaline alanates, are an almost unexplored family of materials. In this study, we present a fundamental study on the electrochemical conversion reaction of sodium alanates: NaAlH4, Na3AlH6, and Na2LiAlH6. Our goal is to improve the understanding of the basic solid-state electrochemistry that drives the conversion reacti...
Journal of Power Sources, 2001
not Available.
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2009
Environmental Science & Technology, 2008