Rebecca Riddell - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Rebecca Riddell

Research paper thumbnail of Parental judgements of infant pain: importance of perceived cognitive abilities, behavioural cues and contextual cues

Pain Research Management the Journal of the Canadian Pain Society Journal De La Societe Canadienne Pour Le Traitement De La Douleur, Feb 1, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 in Younger and Older People with Cancer Pain

The Journal of Pain, 2014

Pain is among the most common symptoms of cancer. Because cancer can occur at any age, it is impe... more Pain is among the most common symptoms of cancer. Because cancer can occur at any age, it is imperative that pain assessment tools are valid for use across the adult lifespan. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2) is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of the multidimensional qualities of pain in people with chronic nonmalignant pain, but its psychometric properties in people with cancer pain and in older versus younger people require investigation. This study evaluated age differences in the validity, reliability, and use of the SF-MPQ-2 in 244 people with advanced cancer and pain. We confirmed the previously reported 4-factor solution in older ($60 years) and younger (<60 years) patients. Internal consistency reliability and convergent validity were similar across age groups, although the SF-MPQ-2 sensory subscales were correlated with mental health quality of life in older, but not younger, patients. Older and younger patients selected the same words with the same intensity to describe their pain. The most commonly selected words in both age groups were aching, tiring-exhausting, sharp, and dull. These results demonstrate that the SF-MPQ-2 is appropriate for use across the adult lifespan in people with cancer pain.

Research paper thumbnail of Brief report: maternal emotional availability and infant pain-related distress

Journal of pediatric psychology, 2009

The current study investigated the relationships between maternal emotional availability and infa... more The current study investigated the relationships between maternal emotional availability and infant pain expressions.

Research paper thumbnail of Commentary on ‘Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain’ with a response from the review authors

Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges of judging pain in vulnerable infants

Clinics in Perinatology, 2002

The inevitability of pain during infancy and its potential for destructive impact impose a burden... more The inevitability of pain during infancy and its potential for destructive impact impose a burden on caregiving adults. An armamentarium of effective pharmacological, behavioral and environmental interventions is available if pain were recognized and accurately assessed. Infants have limited behavioral repertoires that make identification of specific needs difficult, mothers and other caregivers prone to high levels of protection and redundant care. But more specific care can best suit infant requirements. Certain behaviors are sensitive to states of distress, including pain, for example, cry and disruption of usual activities such as sleep. Others appear more specific, for example, facial activity. This paper proposes that effective care is best delivered to infants and children if we recognize the complexities of the sociocommunication process; subjective states are encoded in behavioral activity and caregivers must be able to recognize the meaning of these actions. The paper delineates some features of the process whereby caregivers arrive at judgments of infant&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s needs and make decisions concerning interventions.

Research paper thumbnail of A Randomized-controlled Trial of Parent-led Tactile Stimulation to Reduce Pain During Infant Immunization Injections

The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2014

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of parent-led tactile stimulation for pain reduction wh... more Objective: To determine the effectiveness of parent-led tactile stimulation for pain reduction when added to a combination of evidence-based pain-reducing interventions in infants undergoing immunization injections.

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting Parental Attitudes Toward the Helpfulness of Postoperative Analgesic Medication

Children's Health Care, 2004

This study examined explanatory variables that could predict parent attitudes concerning the help... more This study examined explanatory variables that could predict parent attitudes concerning the helpfulness of pain medication for their postoperative child. Predictor variables included beliefs underlying attitudes, prior medical experiences of the child and parent, and parental goals for pain relief. Data were provided by 236 parents of children undergoing day surgery and were analyzed using a multiple regression model. Although beliefs were significant predictors, parents' own experiences with surgery were stronger predictors of attitudes toward the helpfulness of pain medication for their children. Identifying parents' personal adverse experiences with surgery may assist in improving the care they provide to their child after surgery.

Research paper thumbnail of Do infant behaviors following immunization predict attachment? An exploratory study

Attachment & Human Development, 2015

The relationship between infant behaviors during routine immunization, pre- and post-needle, and ... more The relationship between infant behaviors during routine immunization, pre- and post-needle, and infant attachment was explored. A total of 130 parent-infant dyads were recruited from a larger longitudinal study and videotaped during routine immunization at 12 months and the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at 14 months. Six infant behaviors were coded for 1-minute pre-needle and 3-minutes post-needle. Attachment was operationalized according to the secure/avoidant/resistant/disorganized categories. As expected, none of the pre-needle behaviors predicted attachment. Proximity-seeking post-needle significantly discriminated attachment categorizations. Secure infants were more likely to seek proximity to caregivers post-needle in comparison with avoidant and disorganized infants. Proximity-seeking following immunization was positively correlated with proximity-seeking during the SSP and negatively correlated with avoidance and disorganization during the SSP. Infant proximity-seeking during immunization is associated with attachment security and parallels behaviors observed during the SSP. More research is needed to identify behavioral markers of disorganization.

Research paper thumbnail of The role of infant pain behaviour in predicting parent pain ratings

Research paper thumbnail of Procedural and Physical Interventions for Vaccine Injections

The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2015

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of physical and procedural interventions for r... more This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of physical and procedural interventions for reducing pain and related outcomes during vaccination. Databases were searched using a broad search strategy to identify relevant randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Data were extracted according to procedure phase (preprocedure, acute, recovery, and combinations of these) and pooled using established methods. A total of 31 studies were included. Acute infant distress was diminished during intramuscular injection without aspiration (n=313): standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.18, -0.46). Injecting the most painful vaccine last during vaccinations reduced acute infant distress (n=196): SMD -0.69 (95% CI: -0.98, -0.4). Simultaneous injections reduced acute infant distress compared with sequential injections (n=172): SMD -0.56 (95% CI: -0.87, -0.25). There was no benefit of simultaneous injections in children. Less infant distress during the acute and recovery phases combined occurred with vastus lateralis (vs. deltoid) injections (n=185): SMD -0.70 (95% CI: -1.00, -0.41). Skin-to-skin contact in neonates (n=736) reduced acute distress: SMD -0.65 (95% CI: -1.05, -0.25). Holding infants reduced acute distress after removal of the data from 1 methodologically diverse study (n=107): SMD -1.25 (95% CI: -2.05, -0.46). Holding after vaccination (n=417) reduced infant distress during the acute and recovery phases combined: SMD -0.65 (95% CI: -1.08, -0.22). Self-reported fear was reduced for children positioned upright (n=107): SMD -0.39 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.01). Non-nutritive sucking (n=186) reduced acute distress in infants: SMD -1.88 (95% CI: -2.57, -1.18). Manual tactile stimulation did not reduce pain across the lifespan. An external vibrating device and cold reduced pain in children (n=145): SMD -1.23 (95% CI: -1.58, -0.87). There was no benefit of warming the vaccine in adults. Muscle tension was beneficial in selected indices of fainting in adolescents and adults. Interventions with evidence of benefit in select populations include: no aspiration, injecting most painful vaccine last, simultaneous injections, vastus lateralis injection, positioning interventions, non-nutritive sucking, external vibrating device with cold, and muscle tension.

Research paper thumbnail of Far From “Just a Poke”

The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2015

Vaccine injections are the most common painful needle procedure experienced throughout the lifesp... more Vaccine injections are the most common painful needle procedure experienced throughout the lifespan. Many strategies are available to mitigate this pain; however, they are uncommonly utilized, leading to unnecessary pain and suffering. Some individuals develop a high level of fear and subsequent needle procedures are associated with significant distress. The present work is part of an update and expansion of a 2009 knowledge synthesis to include the management of vaccine-related pain across the lifespan and the treatment of individuals with high levels of needle fear. This article will provide a conceptual foundation for understanding: (a) painful procedures and their role in the development and maintenance of high levels of fear; (b) treatment strategies for preventing or reducing the experience of pain and the development of fear; and (c) interventions for mitigating high levels of fear once they are established. First, the general definitions, lifespan development and functionality, needle procedure-related considerations, and assessment of the following constructs are provided: pain, fear, anxiety, phobia, distress, and vasovagal syncope. Second, the importance of unmitigated pain from needle procedures is highlighted from a developmental perspective. Third, the prevalence, course, etiology, and consequences of high levels of needle fear are described. Finally, the management of needle-related pain and fear are outlined to provide an introduction to the series of systematic reviews in this issue. Through the body of work in this supplement, the authors aim to provide guidance in how to treat vaccination-related pain and its sequelae, including high levels of needle fear.

Research paper thumbnail of Invited response to Boyle, Freer, Wong, McIntosh, & Anand on editorial "Looking beyond acute pain in infancy

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of children's and parents' memory for a novel painful experience

... Melanie A Badali BAHons, Rebecca R Pillai BAHons, Kenneth D Craig PhD, Kelly Giesbrecht BSc, ... more ... Melanie A Badali BAHons, Rebecca R Pillai BAHons, Kenneth D Craig PhD, Kelly Giesbrecht BSc, Christine T Chambers MA ... pour vérifier la fiabilité des cotes et les écarts d'évaluation de la douleur entre les parents et les enfants, et ce, tant au moment de l'expérience qu'un an ...

Research paper thumbnail of Parenting and pain during infancy

Research paper thumbnail of Caregiver Emotional Availability, Caregiver Soothing Behaviors, and Infant Pain During Immunization

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2015

To determine whether caregivers with more extreme emotional availability scores enact different l... more To determine whether caregivers with more extreme emotional availability scores enact different levels of soothing behaviors and whether infants of these caregivers differ in their pain scores across the first year of life. Cross-sectional analyses (analyses of variance and multivariate analyses of variance) were conducted with parent-infant dyads at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age who had extreme caregiver emotional availability scores. Pain scores were examined using a minimum clinically significant difference. Infants with lower pain scores had caregivers who were in the high emotional availability group. This effect was most pronounced during the regulatory period at 2 months, and clinically significant differences in pain scores were found during the regulatory period at 12 months. Physical comforting and/or rocking were characteristic of caregivers with high emotional availability. This study suggests that caregiver emotional availability, in the extremes, do have clinically meaningful relationships with infant pain regulation.

Research paper thumbnail of Methodology for Knowledge Synthesis of the Management of Vaccination Pain and Needle Fear

The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2015

A knowledge synthesis was undertaken to inform the development of a revised and expanded clinical... more A knowledge synthesis was undertaken to inform the development of a revised and expanded clinical practice guideline about managing vaccination pain in children to include the management of pain across the lifespan and the management of fear in individuals with high levels of needle fear. This manuscript describes the methodological details of the knowledge synthesis and presents the list of included clinical questions, critical and important outcomes, search strategy, and search strategy results. The Grading of Assessments, Recommendations, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Cochrane methodologies provided the general framework. The project team voted on clinical questions for inclusion and critically important and important outcomes. A broad search strategy was used to identify relevant randomized-controlled trials and quasi-randomized-controlled trials. Quality of research evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and quality across studies was assessed using GRADE. Multiple measures of the same construct within studies (eg, observer-rated and parent-rated infant distress) were combined before pooling. The standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI) or relative risk and 95% CI was used to express the effects of an intervention. Altogether, 55 clinical questions were selected for inclusion in the knowledge synthesis; 49 pertained to pain management during vaccine injections and 6 pertained to fear management in individuals with high levels of needle fear. Pain, fear, and distress were typically prioritized as critically important outcomes across clinical questions. The search strategy identified 136 relevant studies. This manuscript describes the methodological details of a knowledge synthesis about pain management during vaccination and fear management in individuals with high levels of needle fear. Subsequent manuscripts in this series will present the results for the included questions.

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive and school functioning in children and adolescents with chronic pain: A critical review

Pain research & management: the journal of the Canadian Pain Society = journal de la societe canadienne pour le traitement de la douleur

Cognitive function is a critical factor related to a child's overall developmental trajectory... more Cognitive function is a critical factor related to a child's overall developmental trajectory. There is increasing evidence that chronic pain disrupts cognitive function in adults. Little is known about the nature or impact of cognitive disruption in children and adolescents with chronic pain. The present review examines the current literature related to cognitive function in children and adolescents with chronic pain, implications of these findings and future research directions. Nine studies on this topic were found, with a relatively recent increase in publications related to school attendance and subjective studies of school performance. The studies that were found on this topic suggested that chronic pain affects cognitive function in children but the scope of these effects on children's function and developmental trajectories is not yet clear. While methodological issues surely make it difficult to study cognitive function in children with chronic pain, the potential g...

Research paper thumbnail of Reducing pain during vaccine injections: clinical practice guideline

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, Jan 24, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological theories and models in pediatric pain

Th e purpose of this chapter is to review existing biopsychosocial models of paediatric pain and ... more Th e purpose of this chapter is to review existing biopsychosocial models of paediatric pain and to examine common key factors across diff erent theoretical conceptualizations. Critical gaps in the empirical and theoretical literature are elucidated. In particular, lack of specifi c attention to developmental factors in biological, behavioural, and social functioning and the need for models that examine gaps in diff erent types of pain responding (e.g. immediate acute pain response, acute pain responding in the context of chronic pain) are highlighted. Moreover, the need for comprehensive, conceptual models, representative of current knowledge, that readily generate specifi c hypotheses confi rmable by experimentation are also discussed as ways of moving the fi eld of paediatric pain forward, both conceptually and pragmatically.

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological Interventions for Vaccine Injections in Young Children 0 to 3 Years: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trials

The Clinical journal of pain, Jan 21, 2015

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of distraction for reducing infant distress du... more This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of distraction for reducing infant distress during vaccinations in young children aged 0 to 3 years. Database searches identified relevant randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Three separate clinical questions related to variants of the psychological strategy of distraction (directed video; directed toy; non-directed toy) were pursued. Distress was identified as the critical outcome to assess the benefits of distraction and extracted from relevant trials. Distress was analyzed by phase of procedure (distress pre-procedure; distress acute; distress recovery; idiosyncratic phases based on some or all of the three aforementioned phases). Ten studies were included in the review. Significant results are presented herein. For directed video distraction, moderate quality evidence suggested distress was lowered in the treatment group (SMD 0.68 lower [95% CI -1.04, -0.32]) for the acute+recovery phase as well as the pre-procedu...

Research paper thumbnail of Parental judgements of infant pain: importance of perceived cognitive abilities, behavioural cues and contextual cues

Pain Research Management the Journal of the Canadian Pain Society Journal De La Societe Canadienne Pour Le Traitement De La Douleur, Feb 1, 2004

Research paper thumbnail of Validation of the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 in Younger and Older People with Cancer Pain

The Journal of Pain, 2014

Pain is among the most common symptoms of cancer. Because cancer can occur at any age, it is impe... more Pain is among the most common symptoms of cancer. Because cancer can occur at any age, it is imperative that pain assessment tools are valid for use across the adult lifespan. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2) is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of the multidimensional qualities of pain in people with chronic nonmalignant pain, but its psychometric properties in people with cancer pain and in older versus younger people require investigation. This study evaluated age differences in the validity, reliability, and use of the SF-MPQ-2 in 244 people with advanced cancer and pain. We confirmed the previously reported 4-factor solution in older ($60 years) and younger (<60 years) patients. Internal consistency reliability and convergent validity were similar across age groups, although the SF-MPQ-2 sensory subscales were correlated with mental health quality of life in older, but not younger, patients. Older and younger patients selected the same words with the same intensity to describe their pain. The most commonly selected words in both age groups were aching, tiring-exhausting, sharp, and dull. These results demonstrate that the SF-MPQ-2 is appropriate for use across the adult lifespan in people with cancer pain.

Research paper thumbnail of Brief report: maternal emotional availability and infant pain-related distress

Journal of pediatric psychology, 2009

The current study investigated the relationships between maternal emotional availability and infa... more The current study investigated the relationships between maternal emotional availability and infant pain expressions.

Research paper thumbnail of Commentary on ‘Non-pharmacological management of infant and young child procedural pain’ with a response from the review authors

Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 2012

Research paper thumbnail of Challenges of judging pain in vulnerable infants

Clinics in Perinatology, 2002

The inevitability of pain during infancy and its potential for destructive impact impose a burden... more The inevitability of pain during infancy and its potential for destructive impact impose a burden on caregiving adults. An armamentarium of effective pharmacological, behavioral and environmental interventions is available if pain were recognized and accurately assessed. Infants have limited behavioral repertoires that make identification of specific needs difficult, mothers and other caregivers prone to high levels of protection and redundant care. But more specific care can best suit infant requirements. Certain behaviors are sensitive to states of distress, including pain, for example, cry and disruption of usual activities such as sleep. Others appear more specific, for example, facial activity. This paper proposes that effective care is best delivered to infants and children if we recognize the complexities of the sociocommunication process; subjective states are encoded in behavioral activity and caregivers must be able to recognize the meaning of these actions. The paper delineates some features of the process whereby caregivers arrive at judgments of infant&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s needs and make decisions concerning interventions.

Research paper thumbnail of A Randomized-controlled Trial of Parent-led Tactile Stimulation to Reduce Pain During Infant Immunization Injections

The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2014

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of parent-led tactile stimulation for pain reduction wh... more Objective: To determine the effectiveness of parent-led tactile stimulation for pain reduction when added to a combination of evidence-based pain-reducing interventions in infants undergoing immunization injections.

Research paper thumbnail of Predicting Parental Attitudes Toward the Helpfulness of Postoperative Analgesic Medication

Children's Health Care, 2004

This study examined explanatory variables that could predict parent attitudes concerning the help... more This study examined explanatory variables that could predict parent attitudes concerning the helpfulness of pain medication for their postoperative child. Predictor variables included beliefs underlying attitudes, prior medical experiences of the child and parent, and parental goals for pain relief. Data were provided by 236 parents of children undergoing day surgery and were analyzed using a multiple regression model. Although beliefs were significant predictors, parents' own experiences with surgery were stronger predictors of attitudes toward the helpfulness of pain medication for their children. Identifying parents' personal adverse experiences with surgery may assist in improving the care they provide to their child after surgery.

Research paper thumbnail of Do infant behaviors following immunization predict attachment? An exploratory study

Attachment & Human Development, 2015

The relationship between infant behaviors during routine immunization, pre- and post-needle, and ... more The relationship between infant behaviors during routine immunization, pre- and post-needle, and infant attachment was explored. A total of 130 parent-infant dyads were recruited from a larger longitudinal study and videotaped during routine immunization at 12 months and the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at 14 months. Six infant behaviors were coded for 1-minute pre-needle and 3-minutes post-needle. Attachment was operationalized according to the secure/avoidant/resistant/disorganized categories. As expected, none of the pre-needle behaviors predicted attachment. Proximity-seeking post-needle significantly discriminated attachment categorizations. Secure infants were more likely to seek proximity to caregivers post-needle in comparison with avoidant and disorganized infants. Proximity-seeking following immunization was positively correlated with proximity-seeking during the SSP and negatively correlated with avoidance and disorganization during the SSP. Infant proximity-seeking during immunization is associated with attachment security and parallels behaviors observed during the SSP. More research is needed to identify behavioral markers of disorganization.

Research paper thumbnail of The role of infant pain behaviour in predicting parent pain ratings

Research paper thumbnail of Procedural and Physical Interventions for Vaccine Injections

The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2015

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of physical and procedural interventions for r... more This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of physical and procedural interventions for reducing pain and related outcomes during vaccination. Databases were searched using a broad search strategy to identify relevant randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Data were extracted according to procedure phase (preprocedure, acute, recovery, and combinations of these) and pooled using established methods. A total of 31 studies were included. Acute infant distress was diminished during intramuscular injection without aspiration (n=313): standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.18, -0.46). Injecting the most painful vaccine last during vaccinations reduced acute infant distress (n=196): SMD -0.69 (95% CI: -0.98, -0.4). Simultaneous injections reduced acute infant distress compared with sequential injections (n=172): SMD -0.56 (95% CI: -0.87, -0.25). There was no benefit of simultaneous injections in children. Less infant distress during the acute and recovery phases combined occurred with vastus lateralis (vs. deltoid) injections (n=185): SMD -0.70 (95% CI: -1.00, -0.41). Skin-to-skin contact in neonates (n=736) reduced acute distress: SMD -0.65 (95% CI: -1.05, -0.25). Holding infants reduced acute distress after removal of the data from 1 methodologically diverse study (n=107): SMD -1.25 (95% CI: -2.05, -0.46). Holding after vaccination (n=417) reduced infant distress during the acute and recovery phases combined: SMD -0.65 (95% CI: -1.08, -0.22). Self-reported fear was reduced for children positioned upright (n=107): SMD -0.39 (95% CI: -0.77, -0.01). Non-nutritive sucking (n=186) reduced acute distress in infants: SMD -1.88 (95% CI: -2.57, -1.18). Manual tactile stimulation did not reduce pain across the lifespan. An external vibrating device and cold reduced pain in children (n=145): SMD -1.23 (95% CI: -1.58, -0.87). There was no benefit of warming the vaccine in adults. Muscle tension was beneficial in selected indices of fainting in adolescents and adults. Interventions with evidence of benefit in select populations include: no aspiration, injecting most painful vaccine last, simultaneous injections, vastus lateralis injection, positioning interventions, non-nutritive sucking, external vibrating device with cold, and muscle tension.

Research paper thumbnail of Far From “Just a Poke”

The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2015

Vaccine injections are the most common painful needle procedure experienced throughout the lifesp... more Vaccine injections are the most common painful needle procedure experienced throughout the lifespan. Many strategies are available to mitigate this pain; however, they are uncommonly utilized, leading to unnecessary pain and suffering. Some individuals develop a high level of fear and subsequent needle procedures are associated with significant distress. The present work is part of an update and expansion of a 2009 knowledge synthesis to include the management of vaccine-related pain across the lifespan and the treatment of individuals with high levels of needle fear. This article will provide a conceptual foundation for understanding: (a) painful procedures and their role in the development and maintenance of high levels of fear; (b) treatment strategies for preventing or reducing the experience of pain and the development of fear; and (c) interventions for mitigating high levels of fear once they are established. First, the general definitions, lifespan development and functionality, needle procedure-related considerations, and assessment of the following constructs are provided: pain, fear, anxiety, phobia, distress, and vasovagal syncope. Second, the importance of unmitigated pain from needle procedures is highlighted from a developmental perspective. Third, the prevalence, course, etiology, and consequences of high levels of needle fear are described. Finally, the management of needle-related pain and fear are outlined to provide an introduction to the series of systematic reviews in this issue. Through the body of work in this supplement, the authors aim to provide guidance in how to treat vaccination-related pain and its sequelae, including high levels of needle fear.

Research paper thumbnail of Invited response to Boyle, Freer, Wong, McIntosh, & Anand on editorial "Looking beyond acute pain in infancy

Research paper thumbnail of Accuracy of children's and parents' memory for a novel painful experience

... Melanie A Badali BAHons, Rebecca R Pillai BAHons, Kenneth D Craig PhD, Kelly Giesbrecht BSc, ... more ... Melanie A Badali BAHons, Rebecca R Pillai BAHons, Kenneth D Craig PhD, Kelly Giesbrecht BSc, Christine T Chambers MA ... pour vérifier la fiabilité des cotes et les écarts d'évaluation de la douleur entre les parents et les enfants, et ce, tant au moment de l'expérience qu'un an ...

Research paper thumbnail of Parenting and pain during infancy

Research paper thumbnail of Caregiver Emotional Availability, Caregiver Soothing Behaviors, and Infant Pain During Immunization

Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 2015

To determine whether caregivers with more extreme emotional availability scores enact different l... more To determine whether caregivers with more extreme emotional availability scores enact different levels of soothing behaviors and whether infants of these caregivers differ in their pain scores across the first year of life. Cross-sectional analyses (analyses of variance and multivariate analyses of variance) were conducted with parent-infant dyads at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age who had extreme caregiver emotional availability scores. Pain scores were examined using a minimum clinically significant difference. Infants with lower pain scores had caregivers who were in the high emotional availability group. This effect was most pronounced during the regulatory period at 2 months, and clinically significant differences in pain scores were found during the regulatory period at 12 months. Physical comforting and/or rocking were characteristic of caregivers with high emotional availability. This study suggests that caregiver emotional availability, in the extremes, do have clinically meaningful relationships with infant pain regulation.

Research paper thumbnail of Methodology for Knowledge Synthesis of the Management of Vaccination Pain and Needle Fear

The Clinical Journal of Pain, 2015

A knowledge synthesis was undertaken to inform the development of a revised and expanded clinical... more A knowledge synthesis was undertaken to inform the development of a revised and expanded clinical practice guideline about managing vaccination pain in children to include the management of pain across the lifespan and the management of fear in individuals with high levels of needle fear. This manuscript describes the methodological details of the knowledge synthesis and presents the list of included clinical questions, critical and important outcomes, search strategy, and search strategy results. The Grading of Assessments, Recommendations, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Cochrane methodologies provided the general framework. The project team voted on clinical questions for inclusion and critically important and important outcomes. A broad search strategy was used to identify relevant randomized-controlled trials and quasi-randomized-controlled trials. Quality of research evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and quality across studies was assessed using GRADE. Multiple measures of the same construct within studies (eg, observer-rated and parent-rated infant distress) were combined before pooling. The standardized mean difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI) or relative risk and 95% CI was used to express the effects of an intervention. Altogether, 55 clinical questions were selected for inclusion in the knowledge synthesis; 49 pertained to pain management during vaccine injections and 6 pertained to fear management in individuals with high levels of needle fear. Pain, fear, and distress were typically prioritized as critically important outcomes across clinical questions. The search strategy identified 136 relevant studies. This manuscript describes the methodological details of a knowledge synthesis about pain management during vaccination and fear management in individuals with high levels of needle fear. Subsequent manuscripts in this series will present the results for the included questions.

Research paper thumbnail of Cognitive and school functioning in children and adolescents with chronic pain: A critical review

Pain research & management: the journal of the Canadian Pain Society = journal de la societe canadienne pour le traitement de la douleur

Cognitive function is a critical factor related to a child's overall developmental trajectory... more Cognitive function is a critical factor related to a child's overall developmental trajectory. There is increasing evidence that chronic pain disrupts cognitive function in adults. Little is known about the nature or impact of cognitive disruption in children and adolescents with chronic pain. The present review examines the current literature related to cognitive function in children and adolescents with chronic pain, implications of these findings and future research directions. Nine studies on this topic were found, with a relatively recent increase in publications related to school attendance and subjective studies of school performance. The studies that were found on this topic suggested that chronic pain affects cognitive function in children but the scope of these effects on children's function and developmental trajectories is not yet clear. While methodological issues surely make it difficult to study cognitive function in children with chronic pain, the potential g...

Research paper thumbnail of Reducing pain during vaccine injections: clinical practice guideline

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, Jan 24, 2015

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological theories and models in pediatric pain

Th e purpose of this chapter is to review existing biopsychosocial models of paediatric pain and ... more Th e purpose of this chapter is to review existing biopsychosocial models of paediatric pain and to examine common key factors across diff erent theoretical conceptualizations. Critical gaps in the empirical and theoretical literature are elucidated. In particular, lack of specifi c attention to developmental factors in biological, behavioural, and social functioning and the need for models that examine gaps in diff erent types of pain responding (e.g. immediate acute pain response, acute pain responding in the context of chronic pain) are highlighted. Moreover, the need for comprehensive, conceptual models, representative of current knowledge, that readily generate specifi c hypotheses confi rmable by experimentation are also discussed as ways of moving the fi eld of paediatric pain forward, both conceptually and pragmatically.

Research paper thumbnail of Psychological Interventions for Vaccine Injections in Young Children 0 to 3 Years: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trials

The Clinical journal of pain, Jan 21, 2015

This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of distraction for reducing infant distress du... more This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of distraction for reducing infant distress during vaccinations in young children aged 0 to 3 years. Database searches identified relevant randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Three separate clinical questions related to variants of the psychological strategy of distraction (directed video; directed toy; non-directed toy) were pursued. Distress was identified as the critical outcome to assess the benefits of distraction and extracted from relevant trials. Distress was analyzed by phase of procedure (distress pre-procedure; distress acute; distress recovery; idiosyncratic phases based on some or all of the three aforementioned phases). Ten studies were included in the review. Significant results are presented herein. For directed video distraction, moderate quality evidence suggested distress was lowered in the treatment group (SMD 0.68 lower [95% CI -1.04, -0.32]) for the acute+recovery phase as well as the pre-procedu...