Regina Mbugua - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Regina Mbugua
International journal of oncology, Feb 29, 2024
International journal of oncology, Feb 29, 2024
A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science... more A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Medical Biochemistry of Kenyatta University. June, 2019
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Jul 10, 2019
The medicinal plants Annona senegalensis Pers. and Allophylus africanus P Beauv. are used in Tanz... more The medicinal plants Annona senegalensis Pers. and Allophylus africanus P Beauv. are used in Tanzania traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer. However, there is no scientific documentation on their therapeutic effectiveness. The present study evaluated antiproliferative potential as an indicator of anticancer activity of A. senegalensis and A. africanus plant species from Tanzania. A. senegalensis and A. africanus were collected from Ugweno village at Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Different types of extracts were prepared in dichloromethane/methanol (DCM:MeOH), petroleum ether, DCM, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), MeOH and water respectively. Antiproliferative activity against HCC 1396 (breast), HEp-2 (throat) and CT 26 (colon) cancer cell lines was assessed by the MTT cell viability assay. The results of the present study showed that the antiproliferative activity varied between plant extracts and the cancer cell lines. The highest antiproliferative activity was achieved with petroleum ether extract of A. senegalensis against HEp-2 with an IC 50 value of 0.42 ± 0.09 μg/ml. This also depicted the highest selectivity to cancerous cells (SI value 94.19) compared to the other extracts. A. africanus also depicted good antiproliferative activity against HEp-2 with IC 50 values of 1.00 ± 0.41 and 2.37 ± 1.45 μg/ml for DCM:MeOH and petroleum ether extracts, respectively. The findings validate the traditional use of A. senegalensis and A. africanus in the treatment of cancer. Results also support previous studies which demonstrated the effect of extraction solvent used in extraction of bioactive agents from medicinal plants. Further studies involving the isolation of pure antiproliferative compounds against cancer cells from the two plants are recommended to elucidate bioactive molecules.
Journal of cancer and tumor international, Dec 16, 2021
Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemot... more Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemotherapy in the Pharmaceutical industry. We studied the Brine shrimps lethality, antiproliferative and apoptotic potentials of Gliricidia sepium leaf extract against some selected cancer cell lines. Methodology: Plant leaves extraction was done with 70% ethanol and petroleum ether. Twenty four hours old shrimp's larvae exposure to different concentrations (1 mg/ mL, 100 µg/ mL, 10 µg/ mL and 1 µg/ mL) of the extracts were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity in Brine shrimps lethality assay (BSLA). Three cancer cell lines: Breast (HCC1395); Prostate (DU145); Colorectal (CT26) and one normal cell line (Vero E6) were used for the in-vitro cytotoxicity testing using MTT assay. IC 50 , CC 50 and Selectivity Index (SI) were determined respectively, using standard methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on HCC1395 and DU145 cell lines. Primers for the genes p53 and BAX were generated and amplified for apoptotic evaluation. The fold change relative to GADPH, the housekeeping gene, was calculated using double delta Ct analysis [2ˉΔΔCT]. Results: The results of BSLA showed that both extracts of G. sepium are strongly toxic (LC 50 < 100 µg/ml). However, petroleum ether extract (PGS) exhibited the highest toxicity to the shrimps, with LC 50 of 11.95 µg/ml. This is about 8 times more cytotoxic than cyclophosphamide (LC 50 of 98.76 µg/ml). On cancer cells, PGS exhibited varying antiproliferative activities; it was high on prostate (IC 50 = 12.76 µg/ml), antiproliferative (IC 50 = 23.55 µg/ml) and moderately antiproliferative (IC 50 = 77.58 µg/ml) on breast and colorectal cancer respectively. PGS CC 50 value was greater than 100 µg/ml. Ethanol extract (EGS) showed very high toxicity to all the tested cancer cells (IC 50 <20µg/ml) with low cytotoxicity (CC 50 = 41.81 µg/ml) to the normal cells. It exhibited a significant difference and high selectivity index across all the cell lines used in this study. EGS also upregulated both p53 and BAX biomarkers in the qRT-PCR apoptotic study. Conclusion: The leaf extracts of G. sepium is a potential anticancer agent. The 70% ethanol extract selectively induced antiproliferative activities on cancer cells and upregulated apoptotic genes. The Petroleum ether extract also showed very low cytotoxicity to the normal cells. The plant should be considered a novel candidate for further studies.
Advances in Traditional Medicine
Zanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite ... more Zanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite composition. In Kenya, these include management of cancer and microbial related ailments. However, there are limited reports showing how the bioactivity of Kenyan Zanthoxylum species is linked to their phytochemical profiles. This study therefore aimed at examining the chemical variation among five Zanthoxylum species found in Kenya (Z. chalybeum, Z. gilletii, Z. holtzianum, Z. paracanthum and Z. usambarense) using metabolomics approaches and the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of these species. In a Folin–Ciocalteu test, the phenolic content of the stem bark extracts of these species were 73.083–145.272 mg TAE/g, while the alkaloids (in bromothymol blue chromogenic test) and flavonoids (in aluminium chloride test) were found to be 152.39–207.19 mg ME/g, and 109.416–186.413 mg CE/g, respectively. These extracts also exerted strong antioxidant activities in the 2,2-iphenyl-1-pic...
European journal of medicinal plants, Aug 25, 2022
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer; however, these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action of Albizia gummifera, Rhamnus staddo and Senna didymobotrya plant extracts. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction potential of p53 (apoptosis) and VEGF (angiogenesis) genes' expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. Several plant extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity against the cancerous cell lines tested showing selective toxicity to cancer cells while sparing the normal cells (SI ≥ 3). An upregulation of p53 and down-regulation VEGF genes was observed. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of pharmacologically important phytochemicals in the plant's extracts. The study findings suggest exploitation of these plant extracts as potential candidates for development of drugs for the management of breast and prostate cancer.
Journal of Cancer and Tumor International, 2021
Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemot... more Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemotherapy in the Pharmaceutical industry. We studied the Brine shrimps lethality, antiproliferative and apoptotic potentials of Gliricidia sepium leaf extract against some selected cancer cell lines. Methodology: Plant leaves extraction was done with 70% ethanol and petroleum ether. Twenty four hours old shrimp’s larvae exposure to different concentrations (1 mg/ mL, 100 µg/ mL, 10 µg/ mL and 1 µg/ mL) of the extracts were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity in Brine shrimps lethality assay (BSLA). Three cancer cell lines: Breast (HCC1395); Prostate (DU145); Colorectal (CT26) and one normal cell line (Vero E6) were used for the in-vitro cytotoxicity testing using MTT assay. IC50, CC50 and Selectivity Index (SI) were determined respectively, using standard methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on HCC1395 and DU145 cell lines. Primers fo...
European Journal of Medicinal Plants
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer; however, these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action of Albizia gummifera, Rhamnus staddo and Senna didymobotrya plant extracts. The 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction potential of p53 (apoptosis) and VEGF (angiogenesis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. Several plant extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity agai...
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2018
Incorporation of fruits and vegetables in diet can successfully be used in prevention and treatme... more Incorporation of fruits and vegetables in diet can successfully be used in prevention and treatment of cancer. Annona muricata and Abelmoschus esculentus which belongs to the annonaceae and malvaceae family respectively have commonly been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. This study evaluated the phytochemical components of both A. muricata and A. esculentus and their antiproliferative activity on the breast, cervical and prostate cancer cell lines. Both A. muricata and A. esculentus were extracted using methanol and dichloromethane in a ratio of 1:1. Phytochemical screening was done using standard analytical procedures. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of A. muricata and A. esculentus extracts against breast cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer and Vero cell lines. Phytochemical screening confirmed that the fruit of A. muricata and the pods of A. esculentus are rich in saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpernoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. A. muricata had an IC 50 of 23.632±1.3465 µg/ml, 72.5860±1.9819 µg/ml and 93.6233±3.0570 µg/ml on Hela (cervical cancer cells), DU145 (Prostate cancer) and HCC 1395 (Breast cancer) cells respectively. A. esculentus demonstrated antiproliferative activity on Hela cells with an IC 50 of 20.3840±1.2132 µg/ml on DU145 and HCC 1395 cells an IC 50 of 50.013±0.2502 µg/ml and 171.6460±4.7642 µg/ml respectively. The standard drug used had an IC 50 of 21.126 µg/ml on HCC and 24.850 µg/ml on Hela cells. Both plants selectively inhibited the growth of the cancerous cells tested (SI>3) with the highest selectivity observed in HCC 1395 cells. This study authenticates traditional use and suggests potential use of these plants in cancer management and treatment.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2019
The medicinal plants Annona senegalensis Pers. and Allophylus africanus P Beauv. are used in Tanz... more The medicinal plants Annona senegalensis Pers. and Allophylus africanus P Beauv. are used in Tanzania traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer. However, there is no scientific documentation on their therapeutic effectiveness. The present study evaluated antiproliferative potential as an indicator of anticancer activity of A. senegalensis and A. africanus plant species from Tanzania. A. senegalensis and A. africanus were collected from Ugweno village at Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Different types of extracts were prepared in dichloromethane/methanol (DCM:MeOH), petroleum ether, DCM, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), MeOH and water respectively. Antiproliferative activity against HCC 1396 (breast), HEp-2 (throat) and CT 26 (colon) cancer cell lines was assessed by the MTT cell viability assay. The results of the present study showed that the antiproliferative activity varied between plant extracts and the cancer cell lines. The highest antiproliferative activity was achieved with petroleum ether extract of A. senegalensis against HEp-2 with an IC 50 value of 0.42 ± 0.09 μg/ml. This also depicted the highest selectivity to cancerous cells (SI value 94.19) compared to the other extracts. A. africanus also depicted good antiproliferative activity against HEp-2 with IC 50 values of 1.00 ± 0.41 and 2.37 ± 1.45 μg/ml for DCM:MeOH and petroleum ether extracts, respectively. The findings validate the traditional use of A. senegalensis and A. africanus in the treatment of cancer. Results also support previous studies which demonstrated the effect of extraction solvent used in extraction of bioactive agents from medicinal plants. Further studies involving the isolation of pure antiproliferative compounds against cancer cells from the two plants are recommended to elucidate bioactive molecules.
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer, however these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action ofAlbizia gummifera,Rhamnus staddoandSenna didymobotryaplant extracts. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. The common 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction ofVEGF(angiogenesis) and p53 (apoptosis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, tan...
A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science... more A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Medical Biochemistry of Kenyatta University. June, 2019
International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2019
This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone... more This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone-methanol and aqueous extracts of two marine molluscs commonly found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria; T.fuscatus and P.aurita, against human cancerous cell lines (DU145, Hep-2, and HCC1395) cell lines in vitro. The antimitotic activity of the extracts was evaluated using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Antiproliferative activity of the plant extracts against the cancerous cell lines was compared with normal cell line (VeroE6). Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Gene expression studies using qPCR for the proapoptotic genes, CASP3, CASP8 and P53 were also carried out. The alcohol extract of T.fuscatus (TFAC) exhibited the most promising activity against all the cancer cell lines tested (DU145 IC50 = 96.48 ± 1.36 μg/ml, HCC 1395 IC50 = 61.44 ± 2.45 μg/ml, Hep2 IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.36 μg/ml) and also had the highest selectivity index of 4.94, 7.78 and 921.97 for DU145, HCC 1395...
International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2019
This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone... more This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone-methanol and aqueous extracts of two marine molluscs commonly found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria; T.fuscatus and P.aurita, against human cancerous cell lines (DU145, Hep-2, and HCC1395) cell lines in vitro. The antimitotic activity of the extracts was evaluated using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Antiproliferative activity of the plant extracts against the cancerous cell lines was compared with normal cell line (VeroE6). Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Gene expression studies using qPCR for the proapoptotic genes, CASP3, CASP8 and P53 were also carried out. The alcohol extract of T.fuscatus (TFAC) exhibited the most promising activity against all the cancer cell lines tested (DU145 IC50 = 96.48 ± 1.36 μg/ml, HCC 1395 IC50 = 61.44 ± 2.45 μg/ml, Hep2 IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.36 μg/ml) and also had the highest selectivity index of 4.94, 7.78 and 921.97 for DU145, HCC 1395...
Medicinal plants present a plausible source for anticancer agents. Combination of plant extracts ... more Medicinal plants present a plausible source for anticancer agents. Combination of plant extracts and plant-derived compounds with the currently used cancer drugs has shown a marked improvement of the conventional drugs' efficacy and reduced toxicity. This study evaluated; phytochemical screening, antiproliferative activity and drug interaction potentials of Moringa oleifera and Indigofera arrecta leaf extracts with 5-fluoro uracil against selected cancer cell lines. Phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. The common 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yr)-2, 5diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to determine the growth inhibitory potential of the extracts towards cancer cells. Drug interaction assays were done using constant ratio combination method. Alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and saponins were found to be present in the plant's extracts. M. oleifera and I. arrecta methanol-dichloromethane extracts had the highest activity compared to water extracts. All the extracts showed antiproliferative activities towards; HCC 1395 (breast), DU145 (prostate) and Hela (cervical) cancer cell lines. The extracts were not cytotoxic towards Vero cells (IC 50 >1000 µg/ml). I. arrecta and M. oleifera inhibited DU145 the most with IC 50 values of 111.110 µg/ml and 66.290 µg/ml respectively. The plant extracts synergistically inhibited the growth of cancer cells (CI<1). Combination of the plant extracts and 5-Fluorouracil depicted that the concentration of the conventional drug could be reduced and yet achieve the same desired effect against cancerous cells (Dose reduction index (DRI) >1). Further studies to isolate the bioactive compounds and deduce the probable mechanisms of action are recommended.
International journal of oncology, Feb 29, 2024
International journal of oncology, Feb 29, 2024
A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science... more A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Medical Biochemistry of Kenyatta University. June, 2019
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, Jul 10, 2019
The medicinal plants Annona senegalensis Pers. and Allophylus africanus P Beauv. are used in Tanz... more The medicinal plants Annona senegalensis Pers. and Allophylus africanus P Beauv. are used in Tanzania traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer. However, there is no scientific documentation on their therapeutic effectiveness. The present study evaluated antiproliferative potential as an indicator of anticancer activity of A. senegalensis and A. africanus plant species from Tanzania. A. senegalensis and A. africanus were collected from Ugweno village at Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Different types of extracts were prepared in dichloromethane/methanol (DCM:MeOH), petroleum ether, DCM, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), MeOH and water respectively. Antiproliferative activity against HCC 1396 (breast), HEp-2 (throat) and CT 26 (colon) cancer cell lines was assessed by the MTT cell viability assay. The results of the present study showed that the antiproliferative activity varied between plant extracts and the cancer cell lines. The highest antiproliferative activity was achieved with petroleum ether extract of A. senegalensis against HEp-2 with an IC 50 value of 0.42 ± 0.09 μg/ml. This also depicted the highest selectivity to cancerous cells (SI value 94.19) compared to the other extracts. A. africanus also depicted good antiproliferative activity against HEp-2 with IC 50 values of 1.00 ± 0.41 and 2.37 ± 1.45 μg/ml for DCM:MeOH and petroleum ether extracts, respectively. The findings validate the traditional use of A. senegalensis and A. africanus in the treatment of cancer. Results also support previous studies which demonstrated the effect of extraction solvent used in extraction of bioactive agents from medicinal plants. Further studies involving the isolation of pure antiproliferative compounds against cancer cells from the two plants are recommended to elucidate bioactive molecules.
Journal of cancer and tumor international, Dec 16, 2021
Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemot... more Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemotherapy in the Pharmaceutical industry. We studied the Brine shrimps lethality, antiproliferative and apoptotic potentials of Gliricidia sepium leaf extract against some selected cancer cell lines. Methodology: Plant leaves extraction was done with 70% ethanol and petroleum ether. Twenty four hours old shrimp's larvae exposure to different concentrations (1 mg/ mL, 100 µg/ mL, 10 µg/ mL and 1 µg/ mL) of the extracts were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity in Brine shrimps lethality assay (BSLA). Three cancer cell lines: Breast (HCC1395); Prostate (DU145); Colorectal (CT26) and one normal cell line (Vero E6) were used for the in-vitro cytotoxicity testing using MTT assay. IC 50 , CC 50 and Selectivity Index (SI) were determined respectively, using standard methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on HCC1395 and DU145 cell lines. Primers for the genes p53 and BAX were generated and amplified for apoptotic evaluation. The fold change relative to GADPH, the housekeeping gene, was calculated using double delta Ct analysis [2ˉΔΔCT]. Results: The results of BSLA showed that both extracts of G. sepium are strongly toxic (LC 50 < 100 µg/ml). However, petroleum ether extract (PGS) exhibited the highest toxicity to the shrimps, with LC 50 of 11.95 µg/ml. This is about 8 times more cytotoxic than cyclophosphamide (LC 50 of 98.76 µg/ml). On cancer cells, PGS exhibited varying antiproliferative activities; it was high on prostate (IC 50 = 12.76 µg/ml), antiproliferative (IC 50 = 23.55 µg/ml) and moderately antiproliferative (IC 50 = 77.58 µg/ml) on breast and colorectal cancer respectively. PGS CC 50 value was greater than 100 µg/ml. Ethanol extract (EGS) showed very high toxicity to all the tested cancer cells (IC 50 <20µg/ml) with low cytotoxicity (CC 50 = 41.81 µg/ml) to the normal cells. It exhibited a significant difference and high selectivity index across all the cell lines used in this study. EGS also upregulated both p53 and BAX biomarkers in the qRT-PCR apoptotic study. Conclusion: The leaf extracts of G. sepium is a potential anticancer agent. The 70% ethanol extract selectively induced antiproliferative activities on cancer cells and upregulated apoptotic genes. The Petroleum ether extract also showed very low cytotoxicity to the normal cells. The plant should be considered a novel candidate for further studies.
Advances in Traditional Medicine
Zanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite ... more Zanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite composition. In Kenya, these include management of cancer and microbial related ailments. However, there are limited reports showing how the bioactivity of Kenyan Zanthoxylum species is linked to their phytochemical profiles. This study therefore aimed at examining the chemical variation among five Zanthoxylum species found in Kenya (Z. chalybeum, Z. gilletii, Z. holtzianum, Z. paracanthum and Z. usambarense) using metabolomics approaches and the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of these species. In a Folin–Ciocalteu test, the phenolic content of the stem bark extracts of these species were 73.083–145.272 mg TAE/g, while the alkaloids (in bromothymol blue chromogenic test) and flavonoids (in aluminium chloride test) were found to be 152.39–207.19 mg ME/g, and 109.416–186.413 mg CE/g, respectively. These extracts also exerted strong antioxidant activities in the 2,2-iphenyl-1-pic...
European journal of medicinal plants, Aug 25, 2022
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer; however, these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action of Albizia gummifera, Rhamnus staddo and Senna didymobotrya plant extracts. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction potential of p53 (apoptosis) and VEGF (angiogenesis) genes' expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. Several plant extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity against the cancerous cell lines tested showing selective toxicity to cancer cells while sparing the normal cells (SI ≥ 3). An upregulation of p53 and down-regulation VEGF genes was observed. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of pharmacologically important phytochemicals in the plant's extracts. The study findings suggest exploitation of these plant extracts as potential candidates for development of drugs for the management of breast and prostate cancer.
Journal of Cancer and Tumor International, 2021
Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemot... more Background: Plants have become a household name in the quest for effective and safe cancer chemotherapy in the Pharmaceutical industry. We studied the Brine shrimps lethality, antiproliferative and apoptotic potentials of Gliricidia sepium leaf extract against some selected cancer cell lines. Methodology: Plant leaves extraction was done with 70% ethanol and petroleum ether. Twenty four hours old shrimp’s larvae exposure to different concentrations (1 mg/ mL, 100 µg/ mL, 10 µg/ mL and 1 µg/ mL) of the extracts were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity in Brine shrimps lethality assay (BSLA). Three cancer cell lines: Breast (HCC1395); Prostate (DU145); Colorectal (CT26) and one normal cell line (Vero E6) were used for the in-vitro cytotoxicity testing using MTT assay. IC50, CC50 and Selectivity Index (SI) were determined respectively, using standard methods. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried out on HCC1395 and DU145 cell lines. Primers fo...
European Journal of Medicinal Plants
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer; however, these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action of Albizia gummifera, Rhamnus staddo and Senna didymobotrya plant extracts. The 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction potential of p53 (apoptosis) and VEGF (angiogenesis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time PCR. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. Several plant extracts exhibited antiproliferative activity agai...
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research, 2018
Incorporation of fruits and vegetables in diet can successfully be used in prevention and treatme... more Incorporation of fruits and vegetables in diet can successfully be used in prevention and treatment of cancer. Annona muricata and Abelmoschus esculentus which belongs to the annonaceae and malvaceae family respectively have commonly been used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. This study evaluated the phytochemical components of both A. muricata and A. esculentus and their antiproliferative activity on the breast, cervical and prostate cancer cell lines. Both A. muricata and A. esculentus were extracted using methanol and dichloromethane in a ratio of 1:1. Phytochemical screening was done using standard analytical procedures. The MTT assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of A. muricata and A. esculentus extracts against breast cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer and Vero cell lines. Phytochemical screening confirmed that the fruit of A. muricata and the pods of A. esculentus are rich in saponins, tannins, alkaloids, terpernoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. A. muricata had an IC 50 of 23.632±1.3465 µg/ml, 72.5860±1.9819 µg/ml and 93.6233±3.0570 µg/ml on Hela (cervical cancer cells), DU145 (Prostate cancer) and HCC 1395 (Breast cancer) cells respectively. A. esculentus demonstrated antiproliferative activity on Hela cells with an IC 50 of 20.3840±1.2132 µg/ml on DU145 and HCC 1395 cells an IC 50 of 50.013±0.2502 µg/ml and 171.6460±4.7642 µg/ml respectively. The standard drug used had an IC 50 of 21.126 µg/ml on HCC and 24.850 µg/ml on Hela cells. Both plants selectively inhibited the growth of the cancerous cells tested (SI>3) with the highest selectivity observed in HCC 1395 cells. This study authenticates traditional use and suggests potential use of these plants in cancer management and treatment.
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2019
The medicinal plants Annona senegalensis Pers. and Allophylus africanus P Beauv. are used in Tanz... more The medicinal plants Annona senegalensis Pers. and Allophylus africanus P Beauv. are used in Tanzania traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer. However, there is no scientific documentation on their therapeutic effectiveness. The present study evaluated antiproliferative potential as an indicator of anticancer activity of A. senegalensis and A. africanus plant species from Tanzania. A. senegalensis and A. africanus were collected from Ugweno village at Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Different types of extracts were prepared in dichloromethane/methanol (DCM:MeOH), petroleum ether, DCM, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), MeOH and water respectively. Antiproliferative activity against HCC 1396 (breast), HEp-2 (throat) and CT 26 (colon) cancer cell lines was assessed by the MTT cell viability assay. The results of the present study showed that the antiproliferative activity varied between plant extracts and the cancer cell lines. The highest antiproliferative activity was achieved with petroleum ether extract of A. senegalensis against HEp-2 with an IC 50 value of 0.42 ± 0.09 μg/ml. This also depicted the highest selectivity to cancerous cells (SI value 94.19) compared to the other extracts. A. africanus also depicted good antiproliferative activity against HEp-2 with IC 50 values of 1.00 ± 0.41 and 2.37 ± 1.45 μg/ml for DCM:MeOH and petroleum ether extracts, respectively. The findings validate the traditional use of A. senegalensis and A. africanus in the treatment of cancer. Results also support previous studies which demonstrated the effect of extraction solvent used in extraction of bioactive agents from medicinal plants. Further studies involving the isolation of pure antiproliferative compounds against cancer cells from the two plants are recommended to elucidate bioactive molecules.
Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation a... more Globally, approximately 13% of all deaths annually are attributed to cancer. Surgery, radiation and chemotherapy are the current treatment techniques for cancer, however these methods are expensive, have high failure rates and have been associated with detrimental side effects. Plant derived products could be good candidates in alleviating challenges being experienced with these current methods. This study aimed at evaluating the phytochemistry, antiproliferation potential, and probable mechanism of action ofAlbizia gummifera,Rhamnus staddoandSenna didymobotryaplant extracts. Phytochemical screening was done as per standard procedures. The common 3– (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) dye was used in the determination of the antiproliferative activity of the extracts. Extracts induction ofVEGF(angiogenesis) and p53 (apoptosis) genes’ expression was evaluated using Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of alkaloids, tan...
A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science... more A Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Medical Biochemistry of Kenyatta University. June, 2019
International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2019
This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone... more This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone-methanol and aqueous extracts of two marine molluscs commonly found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria; T.fuscatus and P.aurita, against human cancerous cell lines (DU145, Hep-2, and HCC1395) cell lines in vitro. The antimitotic activity of the extracts was evaluated using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Antiproliferative activity of the plant extracts against the cancerous cell lines was compared with normal cell line (VeroE6). Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Gene expression studies using qPCR for the proapoptotic genes, CASP3, CASP8 and P53 were also carried out. The alcohol extract of T.fuscatus (TFAC) exhibited the most promising activity against all the cancer cell lines tested (DU145 IC50 = 96.48 ± 1.36 μg/ml, HCC 1395 IC50 = 61.44 ± 2.45 μg/ml, Hep2 IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.36 μg/ml) and also had the highest selectivity index of 4.94, 7.78 and 921.97 for DU145, HCC 1395...
International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology, 2019
This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone... more This study aimed to investigate the antimitotic and antiproliferation activities of crude acetone-methanol and aqueous extracts of two marine molluscs commonly found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria; T.fuscatus and P.aurita, against human cancerous cell lines (DU145, Hep-2, and HCC1395) cell lines in vitro. The antimitotic activity of the extracts was evaluated using Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Antiproliferative activity of the plant extracts against the cancerous cell lines was compared with normal cell line (VeroE6). Doxorubicin was used as a positive control. Gene expression studies using qPCR for the proapoptotic genes, CASP3, CASP8 and P53 were also carried out. The alcohol extract of T.fuscatus (TFAC) exhibited the most promising activity against all the cancer cell lines tested (DU145 IC50 = 96.48 ± 1.36 μg/ml, HCC 1395 IC50 = 61.44 ± 2.45 μg/ml, Hep2 IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.36 μg/ml) and also had the highest selectivity index of 4.94, 7.78 and 921.97 for DU145, HCC 1395...
Medicinal plants present a plausible source for anticancer agents. Combination of plant extracts ... more Medicinal plants present a plausible source for anticancer agents. Combination of plant extracts and plant-derived compounds with the currently used cancer drugs has shown a marked improvement of the conventional drugs' efficacy and reduced toxicity. This study evaluated; phytochemical screening, antiproliferative activity and drug interaction potentials of Moringa oleifera and Indigofera arrecta leaf extracts with 5-fluoro uracil against selected cancer cell lines. Phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. The common 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yr)-2, 5diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to determine the growth inhibitory potential of the extracts towards cancer cells. Drug interaction assays were done using constant ratio combination method. Alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols and saponins were found to be present in the plant's extracts. M. oleifera and I. arrecta methanol-dichloromethane extracts had the highest activity compared to water extracts. All the extracts showed antiproliferative activities towards; HCC 1395 (breast), DU145 (prostate) and Hela (cervical) cancer cell lines. The extracts were not cytotoxic towards Vero cells (IC 50 >1000 µg/ml). I. arrecta and M. oleifera inhibited DU145 the most with IC 50 values of 111.110 µg/ml and 66.290 µg/ml respectively. The plant extracts synergistically inhibited the growth of cancer cells (CI<1). Combination of the plant extracts and 5-Fluorouracil depicted that the concentration of the conventional drug could be reduced and yet achieve the same desired effect against cancerous cells (Dose reduction index (DRI) >1). Further studies to isolate the bioactive compounds and deduce the probable mechanisms of action are recommended.