Rehmat ullah Awan - Academia.edu (original) (raw)
Papers by Rehmat ullah Awan
PLOS ONE, Jul 29, 2022
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 's adoption increased attention to Internation... more International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 's adoption increased attention to International Accounting Standard Regulations worldwide. It has opened the door for empirical analysis having different perceptions of mandatory IFRS adoption. This paper's main objective is to examine the impact of accounting quality and IFRS adoption on Pakistan's banking sector efficiency. We have employed the Malmquist productivity index, Roychowdhury's Earnings Management, and modified learner index to conduct the empirical analysis. The results mean how much banking sector efficiency is affected by accounting quality and IFRS adoption. The results demonstrate that the banking sector efficiency significantly increases through accounting quality and IFRS. Furthermore, it can be seen that the foreign banks' efficiency in Pakistan is less than other banks compared to public or private banks. Additionally, more earnings timeliness has been noted in large banks than medium and small banks in Pakistan. Preferably, the practice of quality accounting relies on disclosed information through financial statements. In contrast, the organizations may evade the losses once the information quality is precise and appropriate. The study provides valuable information to managers and other stakeholders.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The present study investigates the causality between energy consumption, natural resources, and c... more The present study investigates the causality between energy consumption, natural resources, and carbon emissions volatility. For empirical results, the study analyzed panel data of a Group of Twenty (G-20) countries from 1995 to 2018. The results of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) showed that the consumption of conventional energy sources increases the carbon emissions in the region under consideration. The results also showed that economic growth and carbon emissions are associated with each other according to the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The findings showed that rent on mineral resources, oil resources, and forest rent have a positive and significant impact on carbon emissions in G-20 countries. The findings of this study show the complex nature of the relationship between natural resources consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The study suggests a three-dimensional policy framework for the group of twenty countries of economic cooperation to address the environmental i...
This dataset is related to the research conducted by the Authors on the topic "<strong>... more This dataset is related to the research conducted by the Authors on the topic "<strong>DO THE TERRORISTS VERITABLY THE DEPRIVED SOULS? EXPLORING THE BITTER TRUTH EMPIRICALLY".</strong>
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The present study investigates the causality between energy consumption, natural resources, and c... more The present study investigates the causality between energy consumption, natural resources, and carbon emissions volatility. For empirical results, the study analyzed panel data of a Group of Twenty (G-20) countries from 1995 to 2018. The results of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) showed that the consumption of conventional energy sources increases the carbon emissions in the region under consideration. The results also showed that economic growth and carbon emissions are associated with each other according to the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The findings showed that rent on mineral resources, oil resources, and forest rent have a positive and significant impact on carbon emissions in G-20 countries. The findings of this study show the complex nature of the relationship between natural resources consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The study suggests a three-dimensional policy framework for the group of twenty countries of economic cooperation to address the environmental i...
The present study attempted to analyze the impact of corruption on output and income inequality i... more The present study attempted to analyze the impact of corruption on output and income inequality in long run and short run using time series data spanning from 1980 to 2013 for Pakistan. After testing stationary properties through Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) developed by (Pesaran & Shin, 1999) and (Pesaran, Shin, & Smith, 2001) has been applied. Data have been obtained from World development Indicators (WDI), Pakistan's Economic Survey, International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), Deininger and Squire and UNO-WIDER data set. Findings of the study indicate that corruption exerts negative and statistically significant effects on output while positive and statistically significantly effect on income inequality in the long run. In short run, corruption affects output positively and significantly. Impact of corruption on income inequality is also positive but statistically insignificant in short run. Govern...
This dataset is related to the research conducted by the Authors on the topic "<strong>... more This dataset is related to the research conducted by the Authors on the topic "<strong>DO THE TERRORISTS VERITABLY THE DEPRIVED SOULS? EXPLORING THE BITTER TRUTH EMPIRICALLY".</strong>
The study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits... more The study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits, financial liberalization, economic growth, terms of trade, real remittances by Pakistani emigrants and domestic savings behavior in Pakistan, using annual time series data for 1973-2007. ARDL Bounds Testing Approach has been applied for co-integration. To test integration order of the variables, DF-GLS and Ng-Perron Tests have been employed. The results reveal that the real interest rate, financial liberalization and economic growth positively affect domestic savings in Pakistan in the long run. The co-efficient of liberalization dummy is also positive and statistically significant, suggesting a need for increased liberalization and deregulation of interest rate for mobilization of savings. Conversely, the terms of trade and real remittances by Pakistani emigrants show negative relationship with domestic savings, supporting Complementarity Hypothesis of Mckinnon-Shaw (1973).
The present study attempted to analyze the impact of corruption on output and income inequality i... more The present study attempted to analyze the impact of corruption on output and income inequality in long run and short run using time series data spanning from 1980 to 2013 for Pakistan. After testing stationary properties through Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) developed by (Pesaran & Shin, 1999) and (Pesaran, Shin, & Smith, 2001) has been applied. Data have been obtained from World development Indicators (WDI), Pakistan's Economic Survey, International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), Deininger and Squire and UNO-WIDER data set. Findings of the study indicate that corruption exerts negative and statistically significant effects on output while positive and statistically significantly effect on income inequality in the long run. In short run, corruption affects output positively and significantly. Impact of corruption on income inequality is also positive but statistically insignificant in short run. Govern...
This study measured poverty incidence and decomposition of poverty incidence across employment st... more This study measured poverty incidence and decomposition of poverty incidence across employment status, industry /sectors of employment and occupation of employment in Pakistan. Impact of employment status and nature of employment of household head on household poverty incidence is also analysed by employing logistic regression technique. The study used Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) data set for the year 2013-14 for empirical estimations. A class of Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (1984) method is employed to estimate poverty incidence as well as decomposition of poverty incidence. The results showed that poverty incidence is about 36 percent in Pakistan in year 2013-14. Poverty decomposition results depicted that poverty significantly varies across employment status, sectors/industry of employment and occupation of employment. Employers, electricity, gas & water industry and legislative, senior official & managers group have lowest poverty incidence while shar...
The study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits... more The study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits, financial liberalization, economic growth, terms of trade, real remittances by Pakistani emigrants and domestic savings behavior in Pakistan, using annual time series data for 1973-2007. ARDL Bounds Testing Approach has been applied for co-integration. To test integration order of the variables, DF-GLS and Ng-Perron Tests have been employed. The results reveal that the real interest rate, financial liberalization and economic growth positively affect domestic savings in Pakistan in the long run. The co-efficient of liberalization dummy is also positive and statistically significant, suggesting a need for increased liberalization and deregulation of interest rate for mobilization of savings. Conversely, the terms of trade and real remittances by Pakistani emigrants show negative relationship with domestic savings, supporting Complementarity Hypothesis of Mckinnon-Shaw (1973).
The present study attempts to explore stable relationship between changes in the real exchange ra... more The present study attempts to explore stable relationship between changes in the real exchange rate and trade balance indicators for Pakistan using quarterly data over the period 1980-2006. ARDL methodology has been employed to find the long run relationships and the long run elasticities. The results show that there exists a long run relationship between real exchange rate and trade balance. Statistical significance and negative elasticities demonstrate that depreciation will lead to deterioration in the trade balance and the J-curve theory does not hold for Pakistan. The results suggest that Pakistan should not rely on the depreciation of exchange rate to improve its trade balance.
This study measured poverty incidence and decomposition of poverty incidence across employment st... more This study measured poverty incidence and decomposition of poverty incidence across employment status, industry /sectors of employment and occupation of employment in Pakistan. Impact of employment status and nature of employment of household head on household poverty incidence is also analysed by employing logistic regression technique. The study used Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) data set for the year 2013-14 for empirical estimations. A class of Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (1984) method is employed to estimate poverty incidence as well as decomposition of poverty incidence. The results showed that poverty incidence is about 36 percent in Pakistan in year 2013-14. Poverty decomposition results depicted that poverty significantly varies across employment status, sectors/industry of employment and occupation of employment. Employers, electricity, gas & water industry and legislative, senior official & managers group have lowest poverty incidence while shar...
Private sector of any economy plays an important role in the economic development of the country.... more Private sector of any economy plays an important role in the economic development of the country. It not only provides employment to the people of the country but also offers goods and services according to the taste of the people. Private investment mainly depends on private borrowing which works as blood for private sector. Private borrowing or credit to private sector is important part of the financial system which measures the depth of financial development. This paper aims to investigate the impact of government borrowing from the central and commercial banks on financial development. In this paper, government borrowing is measured by public domestic debt while credit to private sector (private borrowing) is used as proxy of financial development. Usually, it is observed that when a government borrows more money from banks it creates a shortage for private borrowers. So in this way, the volume of private investment declines. Some other factors also affect private borrowing like...
The present study attempts to explore stable relationship between changes in the real exchange ra... more The present study attempts to explore stable relationship between changes in the real exchange rate and trade balance indicators for Pakistan using quarterly data over the period 1980-2006. ARDL methodology has been employed to find the long run relationships and the long run elasticities. The results show that there exists a long run relationship between real exchange rate and trade balance. Statistical significance and negative elasticities demonstrate that depreciation will lead to deterioration in the trade balance and the J-curve theory does not hold for Pakistan. The results suggest that Pakistan should not rely on the depreciation of exchange rate to improve its trade balance.
Private sector of any economy plays an important role in the economic development of the country.... more Private sector of any economy plays an important role in the economic development of the country. It not only provides employment to the people of the country but also offers goods and services according to the taste of the people. Private investment mainly depends on private borrowing which works as blood for private sector. Private borrowing or credit to private sector is important part of the financial system which measures the depth of financial development. This paper aims to investigate the impact of government borrowing from the central and commercial banks on financial development. In this paper, government borrowing is measured by public domestic debt while credit to private sector (private borrowing) is used as proxy of financial development. Usually, it is observed that when a government borrows more money from banks it creates a shortage for private borrowers. So in this way, the volume of private investment declines. Some other factors also affect private borrowing like...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The construction of green finance index is a three-tiered process that involves macroeconomic, ec... more The construction of green finance index is a three-tiered process that involves macroeconomic, ecological, and monetary indicators. Therefore, this research is one of the first thorough assessments of the impacts of green financing regulations in China, examining 30 provinces during the period of 2010 to 2017. Data envelopment analysis models for 30 provinces in China have been tested by using non-radial models and longitudinal datasets. The findings demonstrate that between 2010 and 2017, the efficiency of China’s provinces such as Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Zhejiang and provinces of central regions as well as western provinces of country green economies has increased with distinct geographical disparities becoming more apparent. The geographical distribution of economic efficacy in the green economy is greatest in the eastern parts and poorest in the Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Yunnan. The study revealed that sustainable financial growth may be accomplished via the creation of green financing, which can be achieved by employing different solutions across the macroeconomic, institutional, and ecological considerations. The western and central areas, however, have a significant negative association. There are substantial variations in factors at the state and federal level from the viewpoint of dependent variables. Eventually, the research offers some suggestions for future ecological impact of China, along with the creation of new environmental legislation.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The construction of green finance index is a three-tiered process that involves macroeconomic, ec... more The construction of green finance index is a three-tiered process that involves macroeconomic, ecological, and monetary indicators. Therefore, this research is one of the first thorough assessments of the impacts of green financing regulations in China, examining 30 provinces during the period of 2010 to 2017. Data envelopment analysis models for 30 provinces in China have been tested by using non-radial models and longitudinal datasets. The findings demonstrate that between 2010 and 2017, the efficiency of China’s provinces such as Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Zhejiang and provinces of central regions as well as western provinces of country green economies has increased with distinct geographical disparities becoming more apparent. The geographical distribution of economic efficacy in the green economy is greatest in the eastern parts and poorest in the Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Yunnan. The study revealed that sustainable financial growth may be accomplished via the creation of green financing, which can be achieved by employing different solutions across the macroeconomic, institutional, and ecological considerations. The western and central areas, however, have a significant negative association. There are substantial variations in factors at the state and federal level from the viewpoint of dependent variables. Eventually, the research offers some suggestions for future ecological impact of China, along with the creation of new environmental legislation.
Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2020
In the last paragraph of 1st part of Introduction: It should be: Remaining paper is constructed a... more In the last paragraph of 1st part of Introduction: It should be: Remaining paper is constructed as follows: Section two explains the electricity background in Sindh province, and section 3 describes methodology with data sources. Section 4 explains results and discussion, and section 5 contains conclusion and policy implication.
Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2020
Solar power is a promising alternative energy source for a sustainable environment for developing... more Solar power is a promising alternative energy source for a sustainable environment for developing countries in the Asian continent. The assessment of its sustainability particularly in the South Asian countries necessitates a complete and rigorous statistical investigation. In the current study, we investigate solar energy profile and potential in Pakistan’s Sindh province as a case study. Although the electrification of Sindh Province using off-grid solar PV systems is relatively easy and also most convenient, the challenge is to measure the province’s capacity of solar power and its economic viability. Results show that the rural areas of Pakistan have sufficient solar irradiance in order to produce power. The suitable inclination angles of solar power modules contain the significant capacity of solar power for electricity production. Finding regarding economic viability shows that an off-grid solar photovoltaic system ensures the electricity at price of PKR 6.87/kWh while this is cheap source of energy as compared to traditional energy source (about 20.79 PKR /kWh). Furthermore, the system of off-grid solar photovoltaic could reduce, 119,000 metric tons of CO2 per year simultaneously it ensure the all remote rural areas implement the off-grid solar energy system. The study provides a useful renewable roadmap for energy in South Asian countries and those presently captivating distant and off-grid regions.
Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2019
The current study is intended to analyze the long-run relationship between deficit in balance of ... more The current study is intended to analyze the long-run relationship between deficit in balance of payments (BOPs) and tourism for the period of 1976-2015 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings of the paper exposed an indirect relationship between tourism and BOP deficit in the context of Pakistan economy, while deficit balance of trade, real effective exchange rate, and deficit in fiscal balance have a positive and significant association with the deficit in the BOPs in the long run. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policies should be devised that promote the tourism industry of Pakistan as it would be helpful in reducing the deficit in the BOPs.
PLOS ONE, Jul 29, 2022
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 's adoption increased attention to Internation... more International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 's adoption increased attention to International Accounting Standard Regulations worldwide. It has opened the door for empirical analysis having different perceptions of mandatory IFRS adoption. This paper's main objective is to examine the impact of accounting quality and IFRS adoption on Pakistan's banking sector efficiency. We have employed the Malmquist productivity index, Roychowdhury's Earnings Management, and modified learner index to conduct the empirical analysis. The results mean how much banking sector efficiency is affected by accounting quality and IFRS adoption. The results demonstrate that the banking sector efficiency significantly increases through accounting quality and IFRS. Furthermore, it can be seen that the foreign banks' efficiency in Pakistan is less than other banks compared to public or private banks. Additionally, more earnings timeliness has been noted in large banks than medium and small banks in Pakistan. Preferably, the practice of quality accounting relies on disclosed information through financial statements. In contrast, the organizations may evade the losses once the information quality is precise and appropriate. The study provides valuable information to managers and other stakeholders.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The present study investigates the causality between energy consumption, natural resources, and c... more The present study investigates the causality between energy consumption, natural resources, and carbon emissions volatility. For empirical results, the study analyzed panel data of a Group of Twenty (G-20) countries from 1995 to 2018. The results of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) showed that the consumption of conventional energy sources increases the carbon emissions in the region under consideration. The results also showed that economic growth and carbon emissions are associated with each other according to the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The findings showed that rent on mineral resources, oil resources, and forest rent have a positive and significant impact on carbon emissions in G-20 countries. The findings of this study show the complex nature of the relationship between natural resources consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The study suggests a three-dimensional policy framework for the group of twenty countries of economic cooperation to address the environmental i...
This dataset is related to the research conducted by the Authors on the topic "<strong>... more This dataset is related to the research conducted by the Authors on the topic "<strong>DO THE TERRORISTS VERITABLY THE DEPRIVED SOULS? EXPLORING THE BITTER TRUTH EMPIRICALLY".</strong>
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The present study investigates the causality between energy consumption, natural resources, and c... more The present study investigates the causality between energy consumption, natural resources, and carbon emissions volatility. For empirical results, the study analyzed panel data of a Group of Twenty (G-20) countries from 1995 to 2018. The results of Pooled Mean Group (PMG) showed that the consumption of conventional energy sources increases the carbon emissions in the region under consideration. The results also showed that economic growth and carbon emissions are associated with each other according to the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The findings showed that rent on mineral resources, oil resources, and forest rent have a positive and significant impact on carbon emissions in G-20 countries. The findings of this study show the complex nature of the relationship between natural resources consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The study suggests a three-dimensional policy framework for the group of twenty countries of economic cooperation to address the environmental i...
The present study attempted to analyze the impact of corruption on output and income inequality i... more The present study attempted to analyze the impact of corruption on output and income inequality in long run and short run using time series data spanning from 1980 to 2013 for Pakistan. After testing stationary properties through Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) developed by (Pesaran & Shin, 1999) and (Pesaran, Shin, & Smith, 2001) has been applied. Data have been obtained from World development Indicators (WDI), Pakistan's Economic Survey, International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), Deininger and Squire and UNO-WIDER data set. Findings of the study indicate that corruption exerts negative and statistically significant effects on output while positive and statistically significantly effect on income inequality in the long run. In short run, corruption affects output positively and significantly. Impact of corruption on income inequality is also positive but statistically insignificant in short run. Govern...
This dataset is related to the research conducted by the Authors on the topic "<strong>... more This dataset is related to the research conducted by the Authors on the topic "<strong>DO THE TERRORISTS VERITABLY THE DEPRIVED SOULS? EXPLORING THE BITTER TRUTH EMPIRICALLY".</strong>
The study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits... more The study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits, financial liberalization, economic growth, terms of trade, real remittances by Pakistani emigrants and domestic savings behavior in Pakistan, using annual time series data for 1973-2007. ARDL Bounds Testing Approach has been applied for co-integration. To test integration order of the variables, DF-GLS and Ng-Perron Tests have been employed. The results reveal that the real interest rate, financial liberalization and economic growth positively affect domestic savings in Pakistan in the long run. The co-efficient of liberalization dummy is also positive and statistically significant, suggesting a need for increased liberalization and deregulation of interest rate for mobilization of savings. Conversely, the terms of trade and real remittances by Pakistani emigrants show negative relationship with domestic savings, supporting Complementarity Hypothesis of Mckinnon-Shaw (1973).
The present study attempted to analyze the impact of corruption on output and income inequality i... more The present study attempted to analyze the impact of corruption on output and income inequality in long run and short run using time series data spanning from 1980 to 2013 for Pakistan. After testing stationary properties through Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) developed by (Pesaran & Shin, 1999) and (Pesaran, Shin, & Smith, 2001) has been applied. Data have been obtained from World development Indicators (WDI), Pakistan's Economic Survey, International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), Deininger and Squire and UNO-WIDER data set. Findings of the study indicate that corruption exerts negative and statistically significant effects on output while positive and statistically significantly effect on income inequality in the long run. In short run, corruption affects output positively and significantly. Impact of corruption on income inequality is also positive but statistically insignificant in short run. Govern...
This study measured poverty incidence and decomposition of poverty incidence across employment st... more This study measured poverty incidence and decomposition of poverty incidence across employment status, industry /sectors of employment and occupation of employment in Pakistan. Impact of employment status and nature of employment of household head on household poverty incidence is also analysed by employing logistic regression technique. The study used Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) data set for the year 2013-14 for empirical estimations. A class of Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (1984) method is employed to estimate poverty incidence as well as decomposition of poverty incidence. The results showed that poverty incidence is about 36 percent in Pakistan in year 2013-14. Poverty decomposition results depicted that poverty significantly varies across employment status, sectors/industry of employment and occupation of employment. Employers, electricity, gas & water industry and legislative, senior official & managers group have lowest poverty incidence while shar...
The study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits... more The study analyzes long run and short run association among the real rate of interest on deposits, financial liberalization, economic growth, terms of trade, real remittances by Pakistani emigrants and domestic savings behavior in Pakistan, using annual time series data for 1973-2007. ARDL Bounds Testing Approach has been applied for co-integration. To test integration order of the variables, DF-GLS and Ng-Perron Tests have been employed. The results reveal that the real interest rate, financial liberalization and economic growth positively affect domestic savings in Pakistan in the long run. The co-efficient of liberalization dummy is also positive and statistically significant, suggesting a need for increased liberalization and deregulation of interest rate for mobilization of savings. Conversely, the terms of trade and real remittances by Pakistani emigrants show negative relationship with domestic savings, supporting Complementarity Hypothesis of Mckinnon-Shaw (1973).
The present study attempts to explore stable relationship between changes in the real exchange ra... more The present study attempts to explore stable relationship between changes in the real exchange rate and trade balance indicators for Pakistan using quarterly data over the period 1980-2006. ARDL methodology has been employed to find the long run relationships and the long run elasticities. The results show that there exists a long run relationship between real exchange rate and trade balance. Statistical significance and negative elasticities demonstrate that depreciation will lead to deterioration in the trade balance and the J-curve theory does not hold for Pakistan. The results suggest that Pakistan should not rely on the depreciation of exchange rate to improve its trade balance.
This study measured poverty incidence and decomposition of poverty incidence across employment st... more This study measured poverty incidence and decomposition of poverty incidence across employment status, industry /sectors of employment and occupation of employment in Pakistan. Impact of employment status and nature of employment of household head on household poverty incidence is also analysed by employing logistic regression technique. The study used Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM) data set for the year 2013-14 for empirical estimations. A class of Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (1984) method is employed to estimate poverty incidence as well as decomposition of poverty incidence. The results showed that poverty incidence is about 36 percent in Pakistan in year 2013-14. Poverty decomposition results depicted that poverty significantly varies across employment status, sectors/industry of employment and occupation of employment. Employers, electricity, gas & water industry and legislative, senior official & managers group have lowest poverty incidence while shar...
Private sector of any economy plays an important role in the economic development of the country.... more Private sector of any economy plays an important role in the economic development of the country. It not only provides employment to the people of the country but also offers goods and services according to the taste of the people. Private investment mainly depends on private borrowing which works as blood for private sector. Private borrowing or credit to private sector is important part of the financial system which measures the depth of financial development. This paper aims to investigate the impact of government borrowing from the central and commercial banks on financial development. In this paper, government borrowing is measured by public domestic debt while credit to private sector (private borrowing) is used as proxy of financial development. Usually, it is observed that when a government borrows more money from banks it creates a shortage for private borrowers. So in this way, the volume of private investment declines. Some other factors also affect private borrowing like...
The present study attempts to explore stable relationship between changes in the real exchange ra... more The present study attempts to explore stable relationship between changes in the real exchange rate and trade balance indicators for Pakistan using quarterly data over the period 1980-2006. ARDL methodology has been employed to find the long run relationships and the long run elasticities. The results show that there exists a long run relationship between real exchange rate and trade balance. Statistical significance and negative elasticities demonstrate that depreciation will lead to deterioration in the trade balance and the J-curve theory does not hold for Pakistan. The results suggest that Pakistan should not rely on the depreciation of exchange rate to improve its trade balance.
Private sector of any economy plays an important role in the economic development of the country.... more Private sector of any economy plays an important role in the economic development of the country. It not only provides employment to the people of the country but also offers goods and services according to the taste of the people. Private investment mainly depends on private borrowing which works as blood for private sector. Private borrowing or credit to private sector is important part of the financial system which measures the depth of financial development. This paper aims to investigate the impact of government borrowing from the central and commercial banks on financial development. In this paper, government borrowing is measured by public domestic debt while credit to private sector (private borrowing) is used as proxy of financial development. Usually, it is observed that when a government borrows more money from banks it creates a shortage for private borrowers. So in this way, the volume of private investment declines. Some other factors also affect private borrowing like...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The construction of green finance index is a three-tiered process that involves macroeconomic, ec... more The construction of green finance index is a three-tiered process that involves macroeconomic, ecological, and monetary indicators. Therefore, this research is one of the first thorough assessments of the impacts of green financing regulations in China, examining 30 provinces during the period of 2010 to 2017. Data envelopment analysis models for 30 provinces in China have been tested by using non-radial models and longitudinal datasets. The findings demonstrate that between 2010 and 2017, the efficiency of China’s provinces such as Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Zhejiang and provinces of central regions as well as western provinces of country green economies has increased with distinct geographical disparities becoming more apparent. The geographical distribution of economic efficacy in the green economy is greatest in the eastern parts and poorest in the Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Yunnan. The study revealed that sustainable financial growth may be accomplished via the creation of green financing, which can be achieved by employing different solutions across the macroeconomic, institutional, and ecological considerations. The western and central areas, however, have a significant negative association. There are substantial variations in factors at the state and federal level from the viewpoint of dependent variables. Eventually, the research offers some suggestions for future ecological impact of China, along with the creation of new environmental legislation.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
The construction of green finance index is a three-tiered process that involves macroeconomic, ec... more The construction of green finance index is a three-tiered process that involves macroeconomic, ecological, and monetary indicators. Therefore, this research is one of the first thorough assessments of the impacts of green financing regulations in China, examining 30 provinces during the period of 2010 to 2017. Data envelopment analysis models for 30 provinces in China have been tested by using non-radial models and longitudinal datasets. The findings demonstrate that between 2010 and 2017, the efficiency of China’s provinces such as Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Zhejiang and provinces of central regions as well as western provinces of country green economies has increased with distinct geographical disparities becoming more apparent. The geographical distribution of economic efficacy in the green economy is greatest in the eastern parts and poorest in the Chongqing, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tibet, Xinjiang, and Yunnan. The study revealed that sustainable financial growth may be accomplished via the creation of green financing, which can be achieved by employing different solutions across the macroeconomic, institutional, and ecological considerations. The western and central areas, however, have a significant negative association. There are substantial variations in factors at the state and federal level from the viewpoint of dependent variables. Eventually, the research offers some suggestions for future ecological impact of China, along with the creation of new environmental legislation.
Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2020
In the last paragraph of 1st part of Introduction: It should be: Remaining paper is constructed a... more In the last paragraph of 1st part of Introduction: It should be: Remaining paper is constructed as follows: Section two explains the electricity background in Sindh province, and section 3 describes methodology with data sources. Section 4 explains results and discussion, and section 5 contains conclusion and policy implication.
Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2020
Solar power is a promising alternative energy source for a sustainable environment for developing... more Solar power is a promising alternative energy source for a sustainable environment for developing countries in the Asian continent. The assessment of its sustainability particularly in the South Asian countries necessitates a complete and rigorous statistical investigation. In the current study, we investigate solar energy profile and potential in Pakistan’s Sindh province as a case study. Although the electrification of Sindh Province using off-grid solar PV systems is relatively easy and also most convenient, the challenge is to measure the province’s capacity of solar power and its economic viability. Results show that the rural areas of Pakistan have sufficient solar irradiance in order to produce power. The suitable inclination angles of solar power modules contain the significant capacity of solar power for electricity production. Finding regarding economic viability shows that an off-grid solar photovoltaic system ensures the electricity at price of PKR 6.87/kWh while this is cheap source of energy as compared to traditional energy source (about 20.79 PKR /kWh). Furthermore, the system of off-grid solar photovoltaic could reduce, 119,000 metric tons of CO2 per year simultaneously it ensure the all remote rural areas implement the off-grid solar energy system. The study provides a useful renewable roadmap for energy in South Asian countries and those presently captivating distant and off-grid regions.
Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2019
The current study is intended to analyze the long-run relationship between deficit in balance of ... more The current study is intended to analyze the long-run relationship between deficit in balance of payments (BOPs) and tourism for the period of 1976-2015 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings of the paper exposed an indirect relationship between tourism and BOP deficit in the context of Pakistan economy, while deficit balance of trade, real effective exchange rate, and deficit in fiscal balance have a positive and significant association with the deficit in the BOPs in the long run. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policies should be devised that promote the tourism industry of Pakistan as it would be helpful in reducing the deficit in the BOPs.