Reimar Carlesso - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Reimar Carlesso

Biosystems Engineering, 2015

Ciencia Rural, Aug 1, 2000

... produção de massa seca, o espaçamento de plantas na linha e nas entre linhas mais eficiente p... more ... produção de massa seca, o espaçamento de plantas na linha e nas entre linhas mais eficiente para interceptação de energia é o que proporciona maior cobertura superficial durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura (SHIBLES & WEBER, 1966). ... (1988), ALCÂNTARA et al. ...

Abstrat The main purpose of this study was to calibrate and validate the SIMDualKc model (Rosa et... more Abstrat The main purpose of this study was to calibrate and validate the SIMDualKc model (Rosa et al., 2012a) using field data from field experiments of maize in Southern Brazil. The model employs the dual crop coefficient approach for calculating daily crop ET and performs a water balance for a cropped soil. Two different experiments were conducted: one using sprinkler irrigation and adopting three different irrigation treatments (A1, A2, A3); the second, using drip irrigation and four treatments (G1, G2,G3, G4). Irrigation aimed to fulfill crop water requirements in A1 and G1, while A2, A3, G2, G3 and G4 refer to different deficit irrigation schedules. The second experiment used a rainout shelter to avoid rainfall on the experiment site and control irrigation events. Soil water content values were observed using FDR probes (Model CS616 Campbell Sci.) installed at different soil profile depths up to 90 cm. Plant root system due to frequent irrigation and small irrigation depths did...

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2003

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação parcelada e antecipada de nitrogênio no milho no ... more O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicação parcelada e antecipada de nitrogênio no milho no sistema plantio direto em sucessão à aveia preta, em dois regimes hídricos. Os tratamentos foram: (a) aplicação de 150 kg ha -1 de N em pré-semeadura e 30 kg ha -1 de N na semeadura, com aplicação de precipitações pluviais do "El Niño" de 1997/98; (b) aplicação da adubação nitrogenada, sendo 30 kg ha -1 de N na semeadura, 30 kg ha -1 de N aos 31 e 57 dias após a emergência (DAE), com aplicação do "El Niño"; (c) testemunha, sem nitrogênio e com aplicação do "El Niño", e (d) aplicação da adubação nitrogenada (tratamento b), com aplicação de precipitações pluviais normais. O experimento foi realizado no ano agrícola de 1998/99 na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com duas repetições. Utilizaram-se oito lisímetros de drenagem, que foram protegidos das precipitações pluviais naturais por meio de uma cobertura móvel. Determinaram-se a altura de plantas, o índice de área foliar (IAF), a massa seca da parte aérea, o rendimento de grãos, a percentagem de N e o N total na massa seca e nos grãos. A aplicação de N em ambos os regimes hídricos não influenciou o IAF, altura de plantas, rendimento de grãos, percentagem de N na massa de grãos e N total translocado para os grãos. A produção de massa seca de folhas e colmos e o N total translocado para estas partes da planta foram menores com a aplicação das precipitações pluviais consideradas normais, em relação aos tratamentos com adubação nitrogenada e "El Niño".

2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006, 2006

ABSTRACT The objectives of this work were to determine irrigation needs for maize in the Depressã... more ABSTRACT The objectives of this work were to determine irrigation needs for maize in the Depressão Central, Planalto Inferior, Planalto Médio, Missões and Baixo Vale do Uruguai regions of Rio Grande do Sul State – Brazil and to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and cumulative irrigation water depth for maize, considering different sowing dates. This work was developed based on a historical series of meteorological data (13 years data series) from Santa Maria, Cruz Alta, Passo Fundo, São Luiz Gonzaga and São Borja meteorological stations. The daily and cumulative soil water balance was estimate during the crop cycle in all sowing dates. Sowing dates were fixed on the 1st and 15th days of month (from August to December), based on a specific agroclimatic zoning. Cumulative irrigation water depth for each sowing date and year were estimated with the Sistema Irriga (http://www.irriga.proj.ufsm.br). Results indicated higher irrigation needs for maize in the Planalto Inferior and Depressão Central regions. Similar results of supplementary irrigation water depths were observed for Planalto Inferior and Depressão Central regions. Considering the simulation conducted for 13 consecutive years, five different meteorological regions and 10 different sowing dates, supplementary irrigation was necessary in each simulation condition to supply crop water requirements.

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014

Soil penetration resistance is an important indicator of soil physical quality and the critical l... more Soil penetration resistance is an important indicator of soil physical quality and the critical limit of 2 MPa has been widely used to characterize the soil physical quality, in both no-tillage and conventional systems. The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of different tillage and cropping systems on the soil penetration resistance in a Rhodic Eutrudox. The experiment was carried out in a 5 × 2 factorial, completely randomized block design (tillage systems vs cropping systems), with four replications. The tillage systems consisted of: conventional tillage disk harrow; minimum tillage with annual chiseling; minimum tillage with chiseling every three years; no-tillage for 11 consecutive years; and no-tillage for 24 consecutive years. The factor cropping systems was represented by: crop rotation and crop succession. The soil penetration resistance (SPR) was determined in 20 soil samples per treatment and layer (0.0-0.10; 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m) for each soil matric potential: -6, -10, -33, -100, -500 kPa. The SPR was determined at a volumetric soil water content equivalent to the fraction of plant-available water of 0.7. There were no differences of soil penetration resistance between the two cropping systems. Differences in soil penetration resistance among tillage systems were related to the matric potential at which the samples were equilibrated. The critical SPR limit of 2 MPa normally used for conventional tillage should be maintained. However, this value of 2 MPa is inappropriate for the physical quality characterization of Rhodic Eutrudox under no-tillage and/or minimum tillage with chiseling. Regardless of the cropping systems, the critical SPR limit should be raised to 3 MPa for minimum tillage with chiseling and to 3.5 MPa for no-tillage.

2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001, 1998

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the irrigation necessity, total number of irr... more ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the irrigation necessity, total number of irrigation and the average irrigation depth applications for maize, drybeans and soybeans in the Planalto region of the Rio Grande do Sul State - Brazil. The climate of this region is characterized as humid subtropical with an average annual precipitation of 1,730 mm and 430 mm during the crop growing season. Irrigation needs were determined based on crop evapotranspiration estimated from Penman-Monteith equation. A value of 25 mm of cumulative crop evapotranspiration was used as irrigation trigger. Irrigations were applied by a central pivot irrigation system. Crops used in this study were single maize, soybeans and drybeans and double cropping (maize followed by drybeans in the same growing season). Irrigation needs were determined for the last 10 consecutive years (1990-1999) considering four different sowing dates for each crop. Results indicated that although this region has a high annual precipitation, irrigation applications were necessary for all tested crops in every single year and sowing dates. The minimum and maximum number of irrigation applications were 12 and 57, 3 and 32 and 22 and 76 for maize, drybeans and soybeans, respectively. The lower number of irrigation applications were only observed in years of above average cumulative perception. The average irrigation depth applications were 222, 138, 94 and 165 mm for soybeans, maize, drybeans and maize followed by drybeans, respectively. These results clearly indicate that irrigation is necessary in Southern Brazil to maximize grain yield.

2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001, 1998

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate nitrogen losses and nitrate concentration by ... more ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate nitrogen losses and nitrate concentration by drained water through the soil profile in the traditional and anticipated maize nitrogen (N) application in no tillage system. Maize crop was cultivated in succession of black oats using two rainfall regimes: normal rainfall -NR-, considering an average period of 30 years and “El Niño” rainfall – ENR- (1997/98). The experiment was conducted during 1997/98 growing season in an experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. A set of eight drainage lysimeters was used under a rain shelter. Treatments used were: (i) 180 kg N/ha+ENR – application of 150 kg N/ha in pre-sowing and 30 kg N/ha at sowing with ENR; (ii) 90+ENR – application of 30 kg N/ha at sowing, 30 kg N/ha at 31 and 57 days after emergency (DAE) with ENR; (iii) 0 kg N/ha+ENR – without N application and ENR and; (iv) 90+NR – application of 30 kg N/ha at sowing, 30 kg N/ha at 31 and 57 DAE with normal rainfall. The intensive rainfall combined with high soil water infiltration, probably increased the amount of drained water and nitrate percolation from the upper layers into de soil profile. The nitrate concentration of the drained water was higher than critical value (10 mg/L) right after application of N before sowing from the lysimeters submitted to 180+ENR treatment. Water samples collected from the lysimeters submitted to the anticipated N application, traditional N application and without N application with ENR, 86%, 50% and 31% resulted in nitrate concentration in the drained water above the critical limit, respectively. These results clearly indicated that the pre-sowing application of a high amount of N enhanced soil nitrogen availability before and right after plant emergency. However, these conditions associate with intensive rainfall may cause elevated N losses and water contamination.

Scientia Agricola, 2015

ABSTRACT The processes of water transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere system are strongly affecte... more ABSTRACT The processes of water transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere system are strongly affected by soil use and management. Differences in the dynamics of soil water transfer between no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) practices during a soybean (Glycine max) growing season in southern Brazil were assessed in this study. All the water balance components were analyzed during the soybean growing season (2009/2010). Rainfall, runoff, soil water storage and hydro-physical soil properties were analyzed under two tillage systems. The land-atmosphere water vapor exchanges, obtained from eddy covariance stations, were analyzed with regard to the soybean agroecosystem. Characterizations of soil water storage were also formulated in the 2006/2007 and 2008/2009 soybean growing seasons under the NT system. During the periods without rain, the soil water content under NT was greater than under CT. The soil superficial layer, more porous under NT, contributed to less runoff during rainy events. Moreover, under NT conditions the water supply was always high, between 0.2 - 0.5 m. The total evapotranspiration in the soybean agroecosystem growing season was 410.8 mm.

Ciência Rural, 2000

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014

The use of urban waste compost as nutrient source in agriculture has been a subject of investigat... more The use of urban waste compost as nutrient source in agriculture has been a subject of investigation in Brazil and elsewhere, although the effects on soil physical and chemical properties and processes are still poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of urban waste compost and mineral fertilizer on soil aggregate stability and organic carbon and total nitrogen content of a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons. The experiment was arranged in a 2 × 6 (seasons and fertilization) factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The factor time consisted of two growing seasons (sunflower in 2009/10 and maize in 2010/11) and the factor fertilization of five rates of urban waste compost (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 m 3 ha -1 ), and mineral fertilizer. Soil samples were collected from the 0.0-0.10 m layer to determine aggregate stability (mean weight and geometric diameter), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN). Rates of up to 75 m 3 ha -1 of urban waste compost, after two years of application to no-tillage maize and sunflower, improved aggregation compared to mineral fertilization in a Rhodic Hapludox. After the second crop, the SOC and TN contents increased linearly with the levels of urban waste compost.

Ciência Rural, 1997

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de dois níveis de manejo da água, preparo do so... more Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de dois níveis de manejo da água, preparo do solo e de herbicidas no rendimento de grãos, consumo de água, eficiência do uso da água e nos componen...

2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002, 2002

ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the water deficit effects on maize yiel... more ABSTRACT The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the water deficit effects on maize yield and yield components. The maize hybrid Pioneer 30F33 was submitted to five irrigation water management treatments. Irrigation management was based on crop maximum evapotranspiration (ETm). Irrigations were applied when cumulative ETm reached values of 14, 22, 30, 38 and 46 mm. The experiment was conducted on a set of 20 drainage lysimeters under a mobile rain shelter. Leaf area index and plant height were measured twice a weak in each treatment from 29 days after emergency to harvest. Soil moisture were measure in each soil layer (0-20; 20-40; 40-53; 53-66 and 66-100 cm), twice a weak. Results of leaf area and plant height were similar during crop growing season for all irrigation strategies and aboveground biomass accumulation at harvest was also similar for all treatments. Maximum technical maize yield was obtained applying irrigation when cumulative ETm reached value of the 34 mm. Total irrigation depth applied was 264, 281, 278, 279, and 282 mm using irrigation management of 14, 22, 30, 38 e 46 mm of cumulative ETm. The use of irrigation application based on cumulative ETm values in Southern Brazil results in a easier practice to increase water use efficiency, increase maize yield and reduce application cost.

2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006, 2006

Page 1. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The te... more Page 1. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this technical presentation. The technical presentation does not necessarily reflect the official position of the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ...

Ciência Rural, 1998

O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar as características de desempenho de um equipamento de ir... more O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar as características de desempenho de um equipamento de irrigação pivô central, de baixa pressão, bem como determinar a uniformidade de distribuição de água, tanto abaixo como acima da superfície do solo. Para a avaliação do ...

Ciência Rural, 2009

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar e modelar o escoamento superficial para solos com di... more Os objetivos deste trabalho foram determinar e modelar o escoamento superficial para solos com diferentes características físicas a partir de diferentes intensidades de chuva. Foram realizadas chuvas simuladas em diferentes solos, no Uruguai. Chuvas artificiais com intensidades de 30, 60 e 120mm h -1 foram aplicadas utilizando-se um simulador estacionário de bicos múltiplos e oscilantes. Em cada solo foram determinados o tempo de início e a taxa de escoamento superficial, além da chuva (quantidade, duração e intensidade), declividade do terreno, matéria seca na superfície e cobertura do solo, densidade (do solo e de partícula), porosidade do solo (macro, micro e total), textura (argila, silte e areia), umidade inicial e saturação do solo. Foi utilizado o modelo modificado de Smith para estimativa do escoamento superficial. As perdas acumuladas por escoamento superficial foram de 64, 32, 30 e 15% do total aplicado para Vertissolo 1, Chernossolo, Argissolo e Vertissolo 2, respectivamente. Há uma relação inversa entre o tempo de início do escoamento e a taxa constante de escoamento superficial, independentemente das condições da superfície do solo e da chuva. Isso está associado à intensidade da chuva, pois quanto mais esta aumentar, menor é o tempo de início do escoamento e maior é a taxa constante de escoamento superficial. O modelo modificado de Smith estima melhor o escoamento superficial sob condições de elevada umidade do solo. Palavras-chave: escoamento superficial, física do solo, intensidade da chuva, simulador de chuva.

Engenharia Agrícola, 2014

Soil physical quality can be easily and quickly evaluated by using simple equipment to identify l... more Soil physical quality can be easily and quickly evaluated by using simple equipment to identify levels of soil compaction. Hence, it is necessary to know the variables responsible for changes in the soil penetration resistance (SPR). The aim of this review is to identify the main factors related to the various equipment used for assessing SPR as a soil physical quality indicator in agriculture. This literature review describes the different types of equipment used and its relationship with SPR. A wide range of procedures, devices, and equipments are available. Much of variability in SPR results is related to the equipment model, cone angle and diameter, and penetration rate. Usually, restrictions to root growth are correlated with SPR values above 2-3 MPa. However, comparisons of SPR values obtained under different soil moisture regimes in the same soil type have provided conflicting results of difficult interpretation. In order to minimize these problems, there is a need for standardization of measurement procedures and interpretation, and/or correction of SPR values according to a soil water content of reference.

Biosystems Engineering, 2013

Biosystems Engineering, 2015

Ciencia Rural, Aug 1, 2000

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2003

2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006, 2006

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014

2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001, 1998

Scientia Agricola, 2015

Ciência Rural, 2000

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2014

Ciência Rural, 1997

2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002, 2002

2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006, 2006

Ciência Rural, 1998

Ciência Rural, 2009

Engenharia Agrícola, 2014

Biosystems Engineering, 2013