Renee Canady - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Renee Canady

MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, Mar 1, 2008

Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing

Purpose: While favorable outcomes of birth centers are documented, Black-led birth centers and ma... more Purpose: While favorable outcomes of birth centers are documented, Black-led birth centers and maternal health models are rarely highlighted. Such disparities are manifestations of institutional racism. A nascent body of literature suggests that culturally affirming care provided by Black-led birth centers benefit all birthing people—regardless of race. Birth Detroit is one such maternal health model led by Black women that offers a justice response to inequitable care options in Black communities. Methods: This article describes a departure from traditional White supremacist research models that privilege quantitative outcomes to the exclusion of iterative processes, lived experiences, and consciousness-raising. A community organizing approach to birth center development led by Black women and rooted in equity values of safety, love, trust, and justice is outlined. Results: Birth Detroit is a Black-led, community-informed model that includes integration of evidence-based approaches...

BACKGROUND: The negative maternal and childhood effects of postpartum depression are well documen... more BACKGROUND: The negative maternal and childhood effects of postpartum depression are well documented. Previous research has not investigated the relationship between women’s reactions to perceived racism and subsequent postpartum depression in a population-based setting. METHODS: Michigan PRAMS data (2009-2010) were used to measure binary exposure (reported feelings of anger/sadness/frustration resulting from race-based treatment during 12 months before delivery) and outcome (score ≥8 on PRAMS postpartum depression scale) variables. Potential confounders considered were maternal age, education, pre-pregnancy insurance status, pregnancy intention, and a proxy for marital status. Logistic regression models were constructed separately for non-Hispanic (NH) black and white women. Parsimonious models were fit by backward selection, using the 10% rule. RESULTS: NH Black mothers experienced a significantly higher prevalence of postpartum depression than their NH white counterparts (18.9%, ...

There is great interest within public health agencies to work towards achieving health equity, bu... more There is great interest within public health agencies to work towards achieving health equity, but few have identified pragmatic strategies to guide the day-to-day activities of health department staff. Efforts to promote health equity have primarily focused on increasing the capacity of staff to understand and recognize racism but previous programs have not equipped staff to address racial disparities through their specific professional roles and responsibilities. In this presentation, we will describe Practices to Reduce Infant Mortality through Equity (PRIME), a project of the Michigan Department of Community Health's Bureau of Family, Maternal & Child Health to reduce racial disparities in infant mortality between Blacks and Whites and between Native Americans and Whites in Michigan. In contrast to existing models, the PRIME intervention is based on three premises: (1) education and training to address racial health disparities should help staff improve their confidence and ...

The Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) has partnered with local health departments, c... more The Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) has partnered with local health departments, community-based organizations and the University of Michigan to form the PRIME (Practices to Reduce Infant Mortality through Equity) project. The PRIME project has several goals, one of which is to identify a replicable workforce training and practice model that will identify and eliminate institutional discriminatory policies and practices as a means to promote health equity. The PRIME project hosted two trainings for MDCH staff, and local community partners. The Undoing Racism (UR) workshops (facilitated by the People's Institute for Survival and Beyond) engaged 158 MDCH staff and partners. The Health Equity and Social Justice (HESJ) workshops (facilitated by the Ingham County Health Department) engaged 87 MDCH staff and local health professionals. The evaluation methods included assessing changes in self-rated competencies to explain racism concepts, to engage in authentic dialogue...

MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing

This study aimed to investigate the intersection of women's pregnancy planning beliefs with p... more This study aimed to investigate the intersection of women's pregnancy planning beliefs with preconception care barriers. We assessed the meaning of "planned pregnancy" for African American women and explored its connection to preconception experiences. The role of race and economics as contextualizing women's experiences was considered. African American women (n = 168) recruited from health department sites discussed the following questions: "What does the term 'planned pregnancy' mean?" "Would you describe your most recent pregnancy as planned?" Substantive themes were extracted using phenomenological methodology. The following themes emerged: (1) Preconception care: An unfamiliar concept; (2) Planning for pregnancy: A continuum of responses; (3) The psychology of conception: Attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors; (4) The shared nature of pregnancy: It takes two to plan; (5) Birth control: The means to the end; and (6) The context of precon...

AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education, 1994

In recent years health educators have become more aware of the impact of culture on the success o... more In recent years health educators have become more aware of the impact of culture on the success of health education programs. This awareness has prompted experimentation with the use of cultural elements in HIV prevention and education efforts. The literature on multicultural education offers little guidance to the health educator on how to evaluate the appropriate and effective use of culturally distinctive messages in educational materials. The authors describe common errors in the development, pedagogical approach, and design of printed HIV educational material and suggest a framework for evaluating the impact of cultural elements on HIV education programs. The guidelines help one determine how effectively language and visual images are used in a given material, as well as how clearly information is conveyed.

Race and Social Problems, 2010

We examine if commonly used distress measures, rates of psychiatric disorders, and chronic health... more We examine if commonly used distress measures, rates of psychiatric disorders, and chronic health conditions are affected by alternate measures of race-ethnicity for African Americans and Caribbean blacks. We examined two alternative self-identification measures to investigate if their influence might differ. A study on national household probability sample of non-institutionalized African Americans (n = 3,570) and blacks from Caribbean countries, who now live in the United States (n = 1,621), was conducted between February 2001 and June 2003, using a slightly modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The method used to measure black race and ethnicity has influence on physical and mental health outcomes. The distributions of depressive symptoms are not affected, while the distributions of DSM IV disorders and chronic health conditions vary by race and ethnic self-identifications among the African American and Caribbean black populations. There are serious implications of using alternate measures of race-ethnicity on the distribution of physical and mental health morbidity among African Americans and Caribbean blacks. The conceptualization and assessment of race-ethnicity should be carefully considered when studying mental and physical health statuses and service needs in the American black population.

Sociological Focus, 2003

Abstract In this paper, we consider the role of marital disruption on health. Much research that ... more Abstract In this paper, we consider the role of marital disruption on health. Much research that has focused on this topic has looked at the mental health effects of divorce with less attention paid to indicators of physical health. Research on mental health indicates that the events of divorce create psychological distress (social causation) but that pre-existing conditions (selectivity) also play a role. We explore this argument for indicators of physical health. Using data from the longitudinal survey Americans' Changing Lives, we find some direct relationship between physical health indicators and divorce. However, depression also plays an explanatory role. Further analysis indicates the role of selection in physical health and divorce. There is a significant relationship between initial physical health decrements and becoming divorced over a three-year period. Poor health, both physical and mental, contributes to becoming divorced. Implications of these results are discussed.

Women's Health Issues, 2008

Purpose-Depressive symptomatology during pregnancy has been associated with negative health outco... more Purpose-Depressive symptomatology during pregnancy has been associated with negative health outcomes for both the mother and child. This study examines the potential associations between depression and depressive symptoms in poor women and African-American women and their lifelong experiences of discrimination. Methods-Data from 2,731 African-American and White participants in the Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health (POUCH) Study were analyzed. Multiple regression analyses were used to investigate relations between depressive symptoms and total discrimination, and between depressive symptoms and three discrimination types (gender, race, and socioeconomic). Main Findings-Initial results showed that African-American women had greater levels of depressive symptoms than White women. Self-reported total discrimination and discrimination types were each positively associated with depressive symptomatology in all women. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (maternal age, education, employment status, partner status, and Medicaid status) and examining significant interactions, the race difference in depressive symptomatology was evident only in employed women. The addition of total discrimination to the multi-covariate model eliminated race differences in the adjusted mean level of depressive symptoms. When the three discrimination types were modeled simultaneously with all other covariates, only

Journal of Nursing Measurement, 2009

This study investigated the appropriateness of using the CES-D scale for comparing depressive sym... more This study investigated the appropriateness of using the CES-D scale for comparing depressive symptoms among pregnant women of different races. Black and White women were matched on education, age, Medicaid status, and marital status–living arrangements. The matching procedure yielded a study sample of 375 in each ethnic group. Using a confirmatory factor analysis, the fit of several factor models for the CES-D was evaluated. One CES-D item, “everything was an effort,” showed a low item-total correlation (0.04 among blacks, 0.22 among whites) and was excluded from further analysis. After imposing the constraints of equal factor loadings and factor covariance across both groups, a two-factor model with 19 CES-D items provided a good fit. Only the loading for the “was happy” item displayed a small difference between the two groups. Furthermore, the correlations between the original 20-item and the unbiased 18-item scales were r = 0.994 for Whites and r = 0.992 for Blacks. The results ...

Journal of Athletic Training, 2010

Context: The concept of culture and its relationship to athletic training beliefs and practices i... more Context: The concept of culture and its relationship to athletic training beliefs and practices is virtually unexplored. The changing demographics of the United States and the injuries and illnesses of people from diverse backgrounds have challenged health care professionals to provide culturally competent care. Objective: To assess the cultural competence levels of certified athletic trainers (ATs) in their delivery of health care services and to examine the relationship between cultural competence and sex, race/ethnicity, years of athletic training experience, and National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) district. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Certified member database of the NATA. Patients or Other Participants: Of the 13 568 ATs contacted, 3102 (age = 35.3 ± 9.41 years, experience = 11.2 ± 9.87 years) responded. Data Collection and Analysis: Participants completed the Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA) and its 2 subscales, Cultural Awareness and Sensit...

The 19th International …, 2008

The Healthy People 2010 goal that 90% of women should initiate PNC in the first trimester presupp... more The Healthy People 2010 goal that 90% of women should initiate PNC in the first trimester presupposes that women do recognize their pregnancies early. However, a woman who does not recognize her pregnancy early may not initiate prenatal care (PNC) early and may continue ...

Birth, 2010

Background: A woman who does not recognize her pregnancy early may not initiate prenatal care ear... more Background: A woman who does not recognize her pregnancy early may not initiate prenatal care early. This study examined the relationship between the time of pregnancy recognition and the time of initiation of prenatal care, and the number of prenatal visits among women of childbearing age. Methods: This study analyzed the Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS) data for the United States. The analysis sample was representative of resident women of childbearing age in 29 U.S. states who had live births within 2 to 6 months before being contacted. The data were weighed to reflect the complex survey design of the PRAMS, and binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used for the analyses. Results: Most (92.5%) of the 136,373 women in the study had recognized their pregnancy by 12 weeks of gestation, and 80 percent initiated prenatal care within the first trimester. Early pregnancy recognition was associated with significantly increased odds of initiating prenatal care early (OR = 6.05, p < 0.01), after controlling for sociodemographic and prior birth outcome data, and was also associated with lower odds of having fewer than the recommended number of prenatal visits and higher odds of having more than the recommended prenatal visits (OR: <11 visits = 0.71 and >15 visits = 1.17, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Early pregnancy recognition was associated with improved timing and number of prenatal care visits. Promotion of early pregnancy recognition could be a means of improving birth outcomes by encouraging and empowering women to access prenatal care at a critical point in fetal development.