Renee Stein - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Renee Stein

Preventing Chronic Disease

What is already known on this topic? Adults aged 40 years or older with impaired vision reported ... more What is already known on this topic? Adults aged 40 years or older with impaired vision reported having more problems related to cost of health care and availability of insurance coverage according to pooled 2002-2004 data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. What is added by this report? Adults aged 18 years or older with vision impairment reported lower access to and use of health care than those without, according to the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. What are the implications for public health practice? Further research can better identify and understand barriers to care to improve access to and use of health care among adults with vision impairment.

Suggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. State HIV Prevention Progress Rep... more Suggested citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. State HIV Prevention Progress Report, 2010\u20132013. www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/policies/porgressreports/cdc-hiv-stateprogressreport.pdf. Published December 2015.cdc-hiv-stateprogressreport.pdfExecutive summary -- Introduction -- States at a Glance -- Indicator summaries -- State profiles -- Technical notes -- Appendix A. States Meeting National HIV Surveillance System Laboratory Reporting Requirement 2010-2013.201

AIDS and Behavior, 2020

Behavioral interventions have been a crucial tool for the prevention of HIV transmission since ea... more Behavioral interventions have been a crucial tool for the prevention of HIV transmission since early in the epidemic. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has provided funding for evidence-based behavioral interventions (EBIs) at health departments and community-based organizations (CBOs) since 2004. From 2006 to 2015, CDC funded 25 CBOs to evaluate one or more of seven EBIs designed to prevent HIV through the Community-based Organization Behavioral Outcomes Project (CBOP) as implemented outside of a research setting. For each EBI, CBOP showed that most HIV risk behaviors improved after the intervention, and improvements were similar to those observed in research studies. Our findings show that behavioral interventions can be successfully implemented in real-world settings. Although the focus of HIV prevention has largely shifted toward biomedical interventions in recent years, successful implementation often depends on behavioral components. Lessons from CBOP can inform future efforts to develop and implement behavioral interventions for HIV and other areas of public health.

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Jan 20, 2018

Identifying HIV-infected persons who are unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infe... more Identifying HIV-infected persons who are unaware of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection status, linking them to care, and reducing health disparities are important national HIV prevention goals (1). Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (collectively referred to as MSM) accounted for 70% of HIV infection diagnoses in the United States in 2016, despite representing only 2% of the population (2,3). African American or black (black) MSM accounted for 38% of all new diagnoses of HIV infection among MSM (2). Nearly two thirds (63%) of all U.S. black MSM with diagnosed HIV infection reside in the southern United States (2), making targeted HIV prevention activities for black MSM in this region critical. Analysis of CDC-funded HIV testing data for black MSM submitted by 20 health departments in the southern United States in 2016 revealed that although black MSM received 6% of the HIV tests provided, they accounted for 36% of the new diagnoses in non-health care ...

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Jan 20, 2017

Diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women declined 17% during 2011-20... more Diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among women declined 17% during 2011-2015, and a total of 7,498 women received a diagnosis of HIV infection in 2015 (1). Although black or African American (black) women accounted for only 12% of the U.S. female population, 60% of women with newly diagnosed HIV infection were black (1,2). By the end of 2014, an estimated 255,900 women were living with HIV infection (3), including approximately 12% who did not know they were infected; in addition, approximately 45% of women who had received a diagnosis had not achieved viral suppression (3). HIV testing is an important public health strategy for identifying women with HIV infection and linking them to HIV medical care. Analysis of CDC-funded program data submitted by 61 health departments in 2015 indicated that among 4,749 women tested who received a diagnosis of HIV infection, 2,951 (62%) had received a diagnosis in the past (previous diagnosis), and 1,798 (38%) were receivin...

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Jan 23, 2017

Identifying persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are unaware of their infec... more Identifying persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are unaware of their infection, linking them to HIV medical care, and reducing health disparities are important national goals (1). Of the 8,841 teens and young adults aged 13-24 years (collectively referred to as youths in this report) who received a diagnosis of HIV in 2014, 70% were young men who have sex with men (MSM) (2). In the same year, an estimated 52% of young MSM living with HIV were unaware of their infection compared with 15% among all persons living with HIV (3). An average of 22% of high school students who have had sexual intercourse and 33% of young adults (persons aged 18-24 years) reported ever receiving an HIV test (4). CDC recommends screening all persons aged 13-64 years, with annual rescreening for persons at high risk for HIV infection (5). Analysis of CDC-funded program data for youths submitted by 61 health departments in 2015 revealed that young MSM, who accounted for 83% of new diagno...

AIDS (London, England), 2017

To describe the extent to which Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded HIV testi... more To describe the extent to which Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded HIV testing in nonhealthcare facilities reaches adolescent MSM, identifies new HIV infections, and links those newly diagnosed to medical care. We describe HIV testing, newly diagnosed positivity, and linkage to medical care for adolescent MSM who received a CDC-funded HIV test in a nonhealthcare facility in 2015. We assess outcomes by race/ethnicity, HIV-related risk behaviors, and US geographical region. Of the 703 890 CDC-funded HIV testing events conducted in nonhealthcare facilities in 2015, 6848 (0.9%) were provided to adolescent MSM aged 13-19 years. Among those tested, 1.8% were newly diagnosed with HIV, compared with 0.7% among total tests provided in nonhealthcare facilities regardless of age and sex. The odds of testing positive among black adolescent MSM were nearly four times that of white adolescent MSM in multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 3.97, P < 0.001). Among adolescent MS...

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, Jan 5, 2016

A primary goal of the national human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (H... more A primary goal of the national human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Strategy is to reduce HIV-related health disparities (1). Among all HIV diagnoses among women in the United States in 2014, non-Hispanic black or African American (black) women accounted for an estimated 62% of diagnoses, despite constituting only 13% of the female population (2,3). Although HIV diagnoses continue to occur disproportionately among black women, HIV surveillance data indicate a 13.5% decrease in diagnoses from 2012 to 2014 (2,4). However, widespread HIV testing and early linkage to care are critical for persons with HIV to achieve viral suppression and improved health outcomes, and to reduce transmission of HIV to others (5). Analysis of CDC-funded program data on HIV testing services provided to black females and submitted by 61 state and local health departments during 2012-2014 revealed that the number of new HIV diagnoses among black females decreased 17% from...

ABSTRACT Ph.D. Fredda Blanchard-Fields

Issue: The spread of HIV infection continues to be a challenge among MSM in the United States. 3M... more Issue: The spread of HIV infection continues to be a challenge among MSM in the United States. 3MV is one of the first behavioral interventions shown efficacious in preventing HIV among black MSM in randomized trials, and the CDC has funded its implementation since 2004. Program monitoring can provide information on “real-world” implementation, including whether core elements were successfully implemented, and whether at-risk individuals from target populations were reached. Description: Process monitoring of 3MV at three CBOs in NYC, New Orleans and Tampa was conducted. Out of 609 clients enrolled, the majority were black (69%) and 18-24 years old (77%). Unprotected sex was reported by 27%, while 12% reported multiple sex partners and unprotected sex at baseline. Contextual factors were explored for each CBO to determine common strengths and challenges. The implications for future evaluation and research studies are discussed. Lessons learned: 1. CBOs were able to deliver the inter...

Young men of color who have sex with men (YMCSM) represent the group most impacted by HIV in the ... more Young men of color who have sex with men (YMCSM) represent the group most impacted by HIV in the US. Between 2006-2009, new HIV infections increased by 34% among young MSM and by 48% among young, black MSM. In 2006, CDC funded community-based organizations (CBOs) to deliver Many Men, Many Voices (3MV) to YMCSM. Although 3MV, a group-level intervention designed to reduce HIV risk behaviors of black MSM, has been shown effectiveness when delivered in a controlled research environment, there is no evidence of its effectiveness in real-world settings. In 2008, CDC funded 3 CBOs to conduct outcome monitoring of 3MV to determine if YMCSM who participate report changes in risk behaviors post- intervention. Using a repeated measures design, risk behaviors were collected at baseline, and again at 3 and 6 months post-intervention. Changes in risk behaviors were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Participants (n=339) reported reduced prevalence of risk behaviors. For example, the...

Prevention Science, 2015

In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded community-based organization... more In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded community-based organizations (CBOs) to deliver Many Men, Many Voices (3MV) to young men of color who have sex with men. Although 3MV, a group-level behavioral intervention designed to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behaviors of black men who have sex with men (MSM), has shown effectiveness when delivered in a controlled research environment, there is limited evidence that the intervention is associated with similar outcomes in Breal world^ settings. For the current project, CDC funded three CBOs to conduct outcome monitoring of the 3MV intervention to determine if young MSM of color report changes in HIVrisk behaviors postintervention. Using a repeated measures design, risk behaviors were collected at baseline and again at 3 and 6 months postintervention. Changes in risk behaviors were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Participants (n=337) reported decreases in sexual risk behaviors at both follow-up time points, such as sex without a condom, sex without a condom and multiple partners, and sex without a condom with serodiscordant or status unknown partners. Results suggest that 3MV may be an effective tool for reducing HIVrisk behaviors in this critical target population.

The open AIDS journal, 2012

CDC has not previously calculated disease rates for men who have sex with men (MSM) because there... more CDC has not previously calculated disease rates for men who have sex with men (MSM) because there is no single comprehensive source of data on population size. To inform prevention planning, CDC developed a national population size estimate for MSM to calculate disease metrics for HIV and syphilis. We conducted a systematic literature search and identified seven surveys that provided data on same-sex behavior in nationally representative samples. Data were pooled by three recall periods and combined using meta-analytic procedures. We applied the proportion of men reporting same-sex behavior in the past 5 years to U.S. census data to produce a population size estimate. We then calculated three disease metrics using CDC HIV and STD surveillance data and rate ratios comparing MSM to other men and to women. Estimates of the proportion of men who engaged in same-sex behavior differed by recall period: past year = 2.9% (95%CI, 2.6-3.2); past five years = 3.9% (3.5-4.4); ever = 6.9% (5.1-8...

Psychology and Aging, 2001

Structural equation models for predictors of traditional family values regarding relationships we... more Structural equation models for predictors of traditional family values regarding relationships were examined in 2 samples: undergraduate students and adults ranging widely in age (23-86 years). Predictor variables included verbal ability, need for cognition, need for closure, intolerance for ambiguity, religiosity, and gender orientation. The models accounted for a substantial proportion of the variance in traditional family values (64% for students, 63% for adults). Findings provide little support for common stereotypes regarding age and gender differences in traditionalism. Instead, 3 individual-differences variables predicted traditional family values: need for closure, religiosity, and verbal ability. Outcomes argue for the need to identify multiple mechanisms by which personal characteristics such as need for closure and religiosity influence traditionalism in social belief systems and argue against reliance on status variables such as age and gender as explanatory variables for these beliefs.

The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 2004

We examined age differences in problem-focused and emotion-regulatory problem-solving strategy us... more We examined age differences in problem-focused and emotion-regulatory problem-solving strategy use for selfgenerated family problems. Young, middle-aged, and older participants generated family problem situations that were high and low in emotional salience. They were asked both how they solved the problem and how they managed emotions involved in the problem. We conducted analyses on three categories of problem-solving strategies: instrumental strategies, proactive emotion regulation, and passive emotion regulation. When regulating emotions, middle-aged adults used more proactive emotion-regulation strategies than older adults, and older adults used more passive emotion-regulation strategies than middle-aged adults. These effects were driven by the high emotional salience condition.

International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1999

Attributions for events with information varying on age relevance (teen, young, middle-aged, and ... more Attributions for events with information varying on age relevance (teen, young, middle-aged, and older main characters) and context (family, work) were examined in young, middle-aged, and older adults. Participants rated the degree to which the causes of a negative outcome were a function of three dispositional dimensions of the primary character, two dimensions of situational factors, and a combination of these. They also wrote essays justifying their ratings. Overall and in support of previous research, older adults were more likely than younger adults to attribute the cause of the negative outcome to the primary character (Blanchard-Fields, 1994). This bias was not attenuated by the age-relevance factor. Instead, in the work context, older and middle-aged adults placed greater blame on main characters relevant to their age group for negative outcomes than did young adults. However, older adults were also more likely than middle-aged or young adults to attribute the cause of a neg...

Experimental Aging Research, 2002

The effects of age-stereotype priming on the memory performance of older adults were investigated... more The effects of age-stereotype priming on the memory performance of older adults were investigated through a conceptual replication and extension of Levy&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s (1996. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 1092-1107) study. Sixty young and 60 older adults were subliminally primed with a positive age stereotype, a negative age stereotype, or neutral primes. Memory performance on two tasks (a photo recall task and a dot location task) was measured before and after the priming intervention. Although the study does not provide unequivocal support for Levy&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s (1996) findings, results did show that priming a negative age stereotype undermined memory performance for a small sample of older adults who were &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;unaware&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; of the primes. However, contrary to Levy&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s findings, priming a positive age stereotype did not increase older adults&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; memory performance. There were no significant effects of priming positive or negative age stereotypes on the memory performance of young adults.

AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 2009