Renu Gupta - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Papers by Renu Gupta

Current neuropharmacology, Jan 19, 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is genetically complex with multifactorial etiology. Here, we aim to... more Alzheimer's disease (AD) is genetically complex with multifactorial etiology. Here, we aim to identify the potential viral pathogens leading to aberrant inflammatory and oxidative stress response in AD along with potential drug candidates using systems biology approach. We retrieved protein interactions of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau protein (MAPT) from NCBI and genes for oxidative stress from NetAge, for inflammation from NetAge and InnateDB databases. Genes implicated in aging were retrieved from GenAge database and two GEO expression datasets. These genes were individually used to create protein-protein interaction network using STRING database (score≥0.7). The interactions of candidate genes with known viruses were mapped using virhostnet v2.0 database. Drug molecules targeting candidate genes were retrieved using the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). Data mining resulted in 2095 APP, 116 MAPT, 214 oxidative stress, 1269 inflammatory genes. After STRING PPI...

The Indian journal of medical research, 2005

Identifying organisms that harbour extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) is a major challenge... more Identifying organisms that harbour extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) is a major challenge for a diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratory. Wide variety of ESBLs produced and lack of a sensitive phenotypic method for their detection make the detection of ESBLs difficult and is responsible for under-recognition. The present study was undertaken to evaluate phenotypic characteristics, initial screening tests and established confirmatory phenotypic methods for detection of ESBLs Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates prevalent in a hospital in north India. One hundred, non-repeat clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae collected over a period of six months were included in the study. Susceptibilities of the isolates to 20 different antimicrobial agents were determined. Agar dilution and broth dilution methods were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftazidime (CAZ) and cefotaxime (CTX). CAZ and CTX were used with and without clavulanic acid to detect ESBL harbou...

Burns, 2003

from the same unit to determine the changing patterns and emerging trends of bacterial isolates a... more from the same unit to determine the changing patterns and emerging trends of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Pseudomonas species (31%) and Staphylococcus aureus (22%) were the most common pathogens followed by Klebsiella species (19%). Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter species (9%) have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in our burn unit. Most of the gram-negative isolates obtained were found to be multi-drug resistant and 61% of the tested isolates were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Concomitant resistance to penicillin and aminoglycosides was observed in 61% of Enterococcus fecalis isolates. When compared with the results of previous 5 years (June 1993-June 1997) Pseudomonas spp. was still the commonest pathogen in the burns unit. However, isolation of this organism and other gram-negative organisms has decreased in comparison to previous years. The incidence of antimicrobial resistance has markedly increased over the past years resulting in limitation of therapeutic options.

Indian journal of medical microbiology

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are preventable in up to 30% of patients with evidence-bas... more Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are preventable in up to 30% of patients with evidence-based infection prevention and control (IPC) activities. IPC activities require effective surveillance to generate data for the HAI rates, defining priority areas, identifying processes amenable for improvement and institute interventions to improve patient's safety. However, uniform, accurate and standardised surveillance methodology using objective definitions can only generate meaningful data for effective execution of IPC activities. The highly exhaustive, complex and ever-evolving infection surveillance methodology pose a challenge for effective data capture, analysis and interpretation by ground level personnel. The present review addresses the gaps in knowledge and day-to-day challenges in surveillance faced by infection control team for effective implementation of IPC activities.

A 63-year-old-man presented to hospital with pro-gressive low-back pain over the last 3 months. H... more A 63-year-old-man presented to hospital with pro-gressive low-back pain over the last 3 months. He also reported weight loss of 30 lbs in last 3 months. MRI of lower spine revealed 1 cm left-sided intradural extramedullary enhancing lesion at S1-level, with mass effect on the thecal sac (figure 1A,B). Given the clinical history and location of the lesion, MRI of the entire spine (cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral region), and brain were ordered to rule out drop Figure 1 (A) MRI of lower spine—saggital view reveals beads of Drop-metastasis. There is 1 cm intradural extramedullary enhancing lesion at S1-level, with mass effect on the thecal sac (marked by arrow). Several smaller nodules can also be seen across lumbar spinal column (marked by arrows). (B) MRI of lower spine—axial view at S1-level reveals 1 cm left-sided intradural extramedullary enhancing lesion as shown earlier. (C) and (D) Brain MRI shows a large enhancing mixed signal intensity lesion. (C) clearly reveals a ring en...

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that affects 12-32 % of pregnant women (1)... more Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that affects 12-32 % of pregnant women (1). It is a polymicrobial condition characterized microbiologically by marked reduction in Lactobacilli with simultaneous

Current Science, 2014

Small cardamom is an economically important spice crop. However, cardamom is susceptible to sever... more Small cardamom is an economically important spice crop. However, cardamom is susceptible to several diseases that significantly reduce yield. Proactive prevention of these diseases based on advance warning can enhance the efficiency of disease control and reduce environmental load of pesticides. Many of these diseases are governed by weather variables (for example, through control of fungal growth). This work presents a disease (capsule rot of cardamom) forecast model based on a set of meteorological variables.While no single weather variable provides successful simulation, an optimal combination of weather variables provides sufficient skill for advance warning of the disease.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2006

An attempt was made to speciate 102 clinically significant isolates of coagulase negative staphyl... more An attempt was made to speciate 102 clinically significant isolates of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) by a practical scheme adapted from various references. This scheme utilizes slide and tube coagulase test, urease test ornithine decarboxylase, novobiocin susceptibility and aerobic acid from mannose for assigning species group. Inclusion of one or two additional tests in a species group could identify the isolates to species level. Ninety eight (97%) isolates were conveniently identified as S. epidermidis (41%), S. saprophyticus (16.6%), S. haemolyticus (14.7%), S. hominis (14.7%), S. lugdunensis (4.9%), S. schleiferi (1.9%) and S. capitis (1.9%). Only four isolates were not identified to the species level, two of which were probably S. capitis subspecies ureolyticus /S. warneri/ S. simulans. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed maximum resistance to ampicillin (89%) followed by cefotaxime (59%) with no resistance to vancomycin. The increasing recognition of pathogenic potential of CoNS and emergence of drug resistance amongst them denotes the need to adopt simple laboratory procedures to identify and understand the diversity of staphylococci isolated from clinical material.

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2015

ABSTRACT Aims: To evaluate GenoType ® MTBDRplus line probe assay as a diagnostic tool for detecti... more ABSTRACT Aims: To evaluate GenoType ® MTBDRplus line probe assay as a diagnostic tool for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug susceptibility testing from cerebrospinal fluid of probable tuberculous meningitis patients. Study Design: A prospective, double blind study. Place and Duration of study:. Methodology: Cerebrospinal fluid collected from 107 probable meningitis patients with diagnostic score >10 were subjected to smear microscopy, automated liquid culture (BACTEC MGIT 960) and Polymerase chain reaction (IS6110). All the samples were also subjected to GenoType ® MTBDRplus line probe assay for detecting M. tuberculosis and drug susceptibility. Drug susceptibility testing of all the M. tuberculosis isolates was done by BACTEC MGIT 960 and GenoType ® MTBDRplus line probe assay. Results: The sensitivity, specificity of the assay for M. tuberculosis detection was 49.5%, 100% against clinical diagnosis as reference standard and 68.9%, 100% against definitive diagnosis as reference standard. A diagnostic accuracy of 56.8% (kappa 0.22), 75% (kappa 0.46), were seen in patients with probable and confirmed diagnosis respectively. The drug susceptibility results for Isoniazid and Rifampicin could be delineated in only 39.2% of patients. Conclusion: This assay proved to have better sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy than smear microscopy and automated liquid culture for early detection of M. tuberculosis from probable tuberculous meningitis patients and has comparable sensitivity to culture (39.2%) for detection of drug susceptibility (though on different isolates). Rapid turnaround time and user friendliness makes it an acceptable assay for simultaneous early detection of M. tuberculosis and its drug susceptibility for better patient management. Clinical entry criteria: Symptoms and signs of meningitis including one or more of the following: headache, irritability, vomiting, fever, neck stiffness, convulsions, focal neurological deficits, altered consciousness, or lethargy plus; One or more of the following; Acid-fast bacilli seen in the CSF; Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured from the CSF; CSF positive by nucleic acid amplification test. Probable Tuberculous Meningitis Clinical entry criteria as above Plus; A total diagnostic score of 10 or more points (when cerebral imaging is not available) or 12 or more points (when cerebral imaging is available) plus exclusion of alternative diagnosis. At least 2 points should either come from CSF for cerebral imaging criteria.

Indian journal of experimental biology, 2014

Doxorubicin (DOX) treatment (12 microg/g body weight, once a week for 2 weeks) resulted in a sign... more Doxorubicin (DOX) treatment (12 microg/g body weight, once a week for 2 weeks) resulted in a significant decrease in the heart rate along with an increase in QRS, ST, and QT intervals. Histopathological studies showed cardiomyocyte degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolation and macrophage infiltration in cardiac tissue. A marked increase in the rate of apoptosis was also observed. An increased oxidative stress was evidenced by significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and depletion of reduced glutathione. A decrease in the activity of cellular antioxidant defence enzymes was also observed. The decrease in the heart rate and ECG alterations were prevented significantly by AAILE (100 microg/g body weight, po) co-treatment, started two weeks prior to DOX treatment and continued till the termination of the experiment. The cardioprotection was also evident from histopathology and decrease in the rate of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. AAILE co-treatment also prevented DOX-induced i...

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 2008

Repeated fracture of pacemaker leads with migration into the pulmonary circulation and temporary ... more Repeated fracture of pacemaker leads with migration into the pulmonary circulation and temporary pacemaker wire insertion via the azygous vein

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2012

We report a case of a 30-year-old immunocompetent man with disseminated cryptococcosis who was in... more We report a case of a 30-year-old immunocompetent man with disseminated cryptococcosis who was initially treated with antitubercular therapy due to clinical and radiological diagnosis of vertebro-cerebral tuberculosis. The diagnosis of Cryptococcus infection was made due to incidental isolation of this fungus from blood culture with negative cerebrospinal fl uid culture results. Though disseminated cryptococcosis with central nervous system, skeletal, and skin involvement is an uncommon manifestation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection, a high clinical suspicion and early initiation of therapy is needed to recognise and treat such patients effi ciently.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2007

Edible vaccines hold great promise as a cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store, fail-s... more Edible vaccines hold great promise as a cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store, fail-safe and socioculturally readily acceptable vaccine delivery system, especially for the poor developing countries. It involves introduction of selected desired genes into plants and then inducing these altered plants to manufacture the encoded proteins. Introduced as a concept about a decade ago, it has become a reality today. A variety of delivery systems have been developed. Initially thought to be useful only for preventing infectious diseases, it has also found application in prevention of autoimmune diseases, birth control, cancer therapy, etc. Edible vaccines are currently being developed for a number of human and animal diseases. There is growing acceptance of transgenic crops in both industrial and developing countries. Resistance to genetically modiÞ ed foods may affect the future of edible vaccines. They have passed the major hurdles in the path of an emerging vaccine technology. Various technical obstacles, regulatory and non-scientiÞ c challenges, though all seem surmountable, need to be overcome. This review attempts to discuss the current status and future of this new preventive modality.

Alcohol is an immunosuppressive drug that has been found to have an inhibitory effect on immune r... more Alcohol is an immunosuppressive drug that has been found to have an inhibitory effect on immune responses. Previous researchers have shown the inhibitory effect of EtOH on TNF-alpha secretion. With the intense study of EtOH's effect on the secretion of TNF-alpha, the ...

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2007

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018

Context: Neuroendoscopic surgeries need specialized equipments, unavailable in neurosurgical depa... more Context: Neuroendoscopic surgeries need specialized equipments, unavailable in neurosurgical departments of majority of public healthcare institutions of India. Aims: Neuroendoscopic treatment of hydrocephalus in the setting of minimal resources using utilization of available resources, inter-departmental co-ordination and indigenous innovations. Methods: Study was carried out at a public sector institute of India with scarce resources. Senior author (DKJ) used indigenously designed stainless steel working sheath along with equipments of 'awake endoscopic intubation system' of department of neuroanesthesia and 18 cm, 4 mm, 0° rigid telescope for neuroendoscopic surgeries for various intraventricular pathologies. Results: Thirty-four neuroendoscopic surgeries in 32 patients were done over last 3 years. There were 18 males and 14 females with average age of 23 years. It included hydrocephalus due to tubercular meningitis (n = 19), neurocysticercosis (NCC) (n = 4), intra-ventri...

World neurosurgery, Jan 18, 2017

Skull base surgery needs advanced equipment and is performed at few public sector hospitals in In... more Skull base surgery needs advanced equipment and is performed at few public sector hospitals in India. For financial and infrastructure reasons, the facilities available are insufficient for the large number of poor patients who need this surgery. Neurologically deteriorating poor patients who failed to receive skull base surgery at overloaded public sector hospitals underwent surgery with basic neurosurgical instruments, using the available resources and indigenously designed instruments adhering to the basic principles of skull base surgery. Various lesions operated on in the study were analyzed based on their location and surgical approach. Ninety-one skull base surgeries in 84 patients were performed during 2013-2015. There were 46 males and 38 females, with an average age of 35 years. Surgical treatment included surgery of the craniovertebral junction (n = 43) and lesions of the anterior skull base (n = 7), middle skull base (n = 10), and posterior skull base (n = 31). Lesions w...

The Journal of communicable diseases, 2004

1. J Commun Dis. 2004 Sep;36(3):222-3. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) associated diarrhoeal cases... more 1. J Commun Dis. 2004 Sep;36(3):222-3. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) associated diarrhoeal cases in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi, India. Das S, Goyal R. Dept of Microbiology, UCMS & GTB Hospital, Delhi. PMID: 16509263 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. MeSH Terms: ...

Indian journal of medical sciences, 2002

Methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been responsible for many nosocominl ... more Methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been responsible for many nosocominl epidemics. Colonised employees of hospital such as asymptomatic nasal and hand carriers act as reservoirs for the spread of this organism within hospital. During a period of three months 150 HCW were screened for nasal and hand colonisation by MRSA. 6.6% (10) HCW were colonised by MRSA and 50% of these were carrying MRSA on both hands and anterior nares. 30% (3) of MRSA strains were multidrug resistant and 60% (6) were resistant to ciproflox. Whether the eradication of MRSA carrier state will lead to decreased rate of MRSA infection is yet to be documented.

Current neuropharmacology, Jan 19, 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is genetically complex with multifactorial etiology. Here, we aim to... more Alzheimer's disease (AD) is genetically complex with multifactorial etiology. Here, we aim to identify the potential viral pathogens leading to aberrant inflammatory and oxidative stress response in AD along with potential drug candidates using systems biology approach. We retrieved protein interactions of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and tau protein (MAPT) from NCBI and genes for oxidative stress from NetAge, for inflammation from NetAge and InnateDB databases. Genes implicated in aging were retrieved from GenAge database and two GEO expression datasets. These genes were individually used to create protein-protein interaction network using STRING database (score≥0.7). The interactions of candidate genes with known viruses were mapped using virhostnet v2.0 database. Drug molecules targeting candidate genes were retrieved using the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). Data mining resulted in 2095 APP, 116 MAPT, 214 oxidative stress, 1269 inflammatory genes. After STRING PPI...

The Indian journal of medical research, 2005

Identifying organisms that harbour extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) is a major challenge... more Identifying organisms that harbour extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) is a major challenge for a diagnostic clinical microbiology laboratory. Wide variety of ESBLs produced and lack of a sensitive phenotypic method for their detection make the detection of ESBLs difficult and is responsible for under-recognition. The present study was undertaken to evaluate phenotypic characteristics, initial screening tests and established confirmatory phenotypic methods for detection of ESBLs Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates prevalent in a hospital in north India. One hundred, non-repeat clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae collected over a period of six months were included in the study. Susceptibilities of the isolates to 20 different antimicrobial agents were determined. Agar dilution and broth dilution methods were used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ceftazidime (CAZ) and cefotaxime (CTX). CAZ and CTX were used with and without clavulanic acid to detect ESBL harbou...

Burns, 2003

from the same unit to determine the changing patterns and emerging trends of bacterial isolates a... more from the same unit to determine the changing patterns and emerging trends of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Pseudomonas species (31%) and Staphylococcus aureus (22%) were the most common pathogens followed by Klebsiella species (19%). Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter species (9%) have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in our burn unit. Most of the gram-negative isolates obtained were found to be multi-drug resistant and 61% of the tested isolates were extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. Concomitant resistance to penicillin and aminoglycosides was observed in 61% of Enterococcus fecalis isolates. When compared with the results of previous 5 years (June 1993-June 1997) Pseudomonas spp. was still the commonest pathogen in the burns unit. However, isolation of this organism and other gram-negative organisms has decreased in comparison to previous years. The incidence of antimicrobial resistance has markedly increased over the past years resulting in limitation of therapeutic options.

Indian journal of medical microbiology

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are preventable in up to 30% of patients with evidence-bas... more Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are preventable in up to 30% of patients with evidence-based infection prevention and control (IPC) activities. IPC activities require effective surveillance to generate data for the HAI rates, defining priority areas, identifying processes amenable for improvement and institute interventions to improve patient's safety. However, uniform, accurate and standardised surveillance methodology using objective definitions can only generate meaningful data for effective execution of IPC activities. The highly exhaustive, complex and ever-evolving infection surveillance methodology pose a challenge for effective data capture, analysis and interpretation by ground level personnel. The present review addresses the gaps in knowledge and day-to-day challenges in surveillance faced by infection control team for effective implementation of IPC activities.

A 63-year-old-man presented to hospital with pro-gressive low-back pain over the last 3 months. H... more A 63-year-old-man presented to hospital with pro-gressive low-back pain over the last 3 months. He also reported weight loss of 30 lbs in last 3 months. MRI of lower spine revealed 1 cm left-sided intradural extramedullary enhancing lesion at S1-level, with mass effect on the thecal sac (figure 1A,B). Given the clinical history and location of the lesion, MRI of the entire spine (cervical, thoracic and lumbosacral region), and brain were ordered to rule out drop Figure 1 (A) MRI of lower spine—saggital view reveals beads of Drop-metastasis. There is 1 cm intradural extramedullary enhancing lesion at S1-level, with mass effect on the thecal sac (marked by arrow). Several smaller nodules can also be seen across lumbar spinal column (marked by arrows). (B) MRI of lower spine—axial view at S1-level reveals 1 cm left-sided intradural extramedullary enhancing lesion as shown earlier. (C) and (D) Brain MRI shows a large enhancing mixed signal intensity lesion. (C) clearly reveals a ring en...

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that affects 12-32 % of pregnant women (1)... more Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection that affects 12-32 % of pregnant women (1). It is a polymicrobial condition characterized microbiologically by marked reduction in Lactobacilli with simultaneous

Current Science, 2014

Small cardamom is an economically important spice crop. However, cardamom is susceptible to sever... more Small cardamom is an economically important spice crop. However, cardamom is susceptible to several diseases that significantly reduce yield. Proactive prevention of these diseases based on advance warning can enhance the efficiency of disease control and reduce environmental load of pesticides. Many of these diseases are governed by weather variables (for example, through control of fungal growth). This work presents a disease (capsule rot of cardamom) forecast model based on a set of meteorological variables.While no single weather variable provides successful simulation, an optimal combination of weather variables provides sufficient skill for advance warning of the disease.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2006

An attempt was made to speciate 102 clinically significant isolates of coagulase negative staphyl... more An attempt was made to speciate 102 clinically significant isolates of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) by a practical scheme adapted from various references. This scheme utilizes slide and tube coagulase test, urease test ornithine decarboxylase, novobiocin susceptibility and aerobic acid from mannose for assigning species group. Inclusion of one or two additional tests in a species group could identify the isolates to species level. Ninety eight (97%) isolates were conveniently identified as S. epidermidis (41%), S. saprophyticus (16.6%), S. haemolyticus (14.7%), S. hominis (14.7%), S. lugdunensis (4.9%), S. schleiferi (1.9%) and S. capitis (1.9%). Only four isolates were not identified to the species level, two of which were probably S. capitis subspecies ureolyticus /S. warneri/ S. simulans. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed maximum resistance to ampicillin (89%) followed by cefotaxime (59%) with no resistance to vancomycin. The increasing recognition of pathogenic potential of CoNS and emergence of drug resistance amongst them denotes the need to adopt simple laboratory procedures to identify and understand the diversity of staphylococci isolated from clinical material.

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2015

ABSTRACT Aims: To evaluate GenoType ® MTBDRplus line probe assay as a diagnostic tool for detecti... more ABSTRACT Aims: To evaluate GenoType ® MTBDRplus line probe assay as a diagnostic tool for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug susceptibility testing from cerebrospinal fluid of probable tuberculous meningitis patients. Study Design: A prospective, double blind study. Place and Duration of study:. Methodology: Cerebrospinal fluid collected from 107 probable meningitis patients with diagnostic score >10 were subjected to smear microscopy, automated liquid culture (BACTEC MGIT 960) and Polymerase chain reaction (IS6110). All the samples were also subjected to GenoType ® MTBDRplus line probe assay for detecting M. tuberculosis and drug susceptibility. Drug susceptibility testing of all the M. tuberculosis isolates was done by BACTEC MGIT 960 and GenoType ® MTBDRplus line probe assay. Results: The sensitivity, specificity of the assay for M. tuberculosis detection was 49.5%, 100% against clinical diagnosis as reference standard and 68.9%, 100% against definitive diagnosis as reference standard. A diagnostic accuracy of 56.8% (kappa 0.22), 75% (kappa 0.46), were seen in patients with probable and confirmed diagnosis respectively. The drug susceptibility results for Isoniazid and Rifampicin could be delineated in only 39.2% of patients. Conclusion: This assay proved to have better sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy than smear microscopy and automated liquid culture for early detection of M. tuberculosis from probable tuberculous meningitis patients and has comparable sensitivity to culture (39.2%) for detection of drug susceptibility (though on different isolates). Rapid turnaround time and user friendliness makes it an acceptable assay for simultaneous early detection of M. tuberculosis and its drug susceptibility for better patient management. Clinical entry criteria: Symptoms and signs of meningitis including one or more of the following: headache, irritability, vomiting, fever, neck stiffness, convulsions, focal neurological deficits, altered consciousness, or lethargy plus; One or more of the following; Acid-fast bacilli seen in the CSF; Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured from the CSF; CSF positive by nucleic acid amplification test. Probable Tuberculous Meningitis Clinical entry criteria as above Plus; A total diagnostic score of 10 or more points (when cerebral imaging is not available) or 12 or more points (when cerebral imaging is available) plus exclusion of alternative diagnosis. At least 2 points should either come from CSF for cerebral imaging criteria.

Indian journal of experimental biology, 2014

Doxorubicin (DOX) treatment (12 microg/g body weight, once a week for 2 weeks) resulted in a sign... more Doxorubicin (DOX) treatment (12 microg/g body weight, once a week for 2 weeks) resulted in a significant decrease in the heart rate along with an increase in QRS, ST, and QT intervals. Histopathological studies showed cardiomyocyte degeneration, cytoplasmic vacuolation and macrophage infiltration in cardiac tissue. A marked increase in the rate of apoptosis was also observed. An increased oxidative stress was evidenced by significantly higher levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and depletion of reduced glutathione. A decrease in the activity of cellular antioxidant defence enzymes was also observed. The decrease in the heart rate and ECG alterations were prevented significantly by AAILE (100 microg/g body weight, po) co-treatment, started two weeks prior to DOX treatment and continued till the termination of the experiment. The cardioprotection was also evident from histopathology and decrease in the rate of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. AAILE co-treatment also prevented DOX-induced i...

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 2008

Repeated fracture of pacemaker leads with migration into the pulmonary circulation and temporary ... more Repeated fracture of pacemaker leads with migration into the pulmonary circulation and temporary pacemaker wire insertion via the azygous vein

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2012

We report a case of a 30-year-old immunocompetent man with disseminated cryptococcosis who was in... more We report a case of a 30-year-old immunocompetent man with disseminated cryptococcosis who was initially treated with antitubercular therapy due to clinical and radiological diagnosis of vertebro-cerebral tuberculosis. The diagnosis of Cryptococcus infection was made due to incidental isolation of this fungus from blood culture with negative cerebrospinal fl uid culture results. Though disseminated cryptococcosis with central nervous system, skeletal, and skin involvement is an uncommon manifestation of Cryptococcus neoformans infection, a high clinical suspicion and early initiation of therapy is needed to recognise and treat such patients effi ciently.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2007

Edible vaccines hold great promise as a cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store, fail-s... more Edible vaccines hold great promise as a cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store, fail-safe and socioculturally readily acceptable vaccine delivery system, especially for the poor developing countries. It involves introduction of selected desired genes into plants and then inducing these altered plants to manufacture the encoded proteins. Introduced as a concept about a decade ago, it has become a reality today. A variety of delivery systems have been developed. Initially thought to be useful only for preventing infectious diseases, it has also found application in prevention of autoimmune diseases, birth control, cancer therapy, etc. Edible vaccines are currently being developed for a number of human and animal diseases. There is growing acceptance of transgenic crops in both industrial and developing countries. Resistance to genetically modiÞ ed foods may affect the future of edible vaccines. They have passed the major hurdles in the path of an emerging vaccine technology. Various technical obstacles, regulatory and non-scientiÞ c challenges, though all seem surmountable, need to be overcome. This review attempts to discuss the current status and future of this new preventive modality.

Alcohol is an immunosuppressive drug that has been found to have an inhibitory effect on immune r... more Alcohol is an immunosuppressive drug that has been found to have an inhibitory effect on immune responses. Previous researchers have shown the inhibitory effect of EtOH on TNF-alpha secretion. With the intense study of EtOH's effect on the secretion of TNF-alpha, the ...

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2007

Asian Journal of Neurosurgery, 2018

Context: Neuroendoscopic surgeries need specialized equipments, unavailable in neurosurgical depa... more Context: Neuroendoscopic surgeries need specialized equipments, unavailable in neurosurgical departments of majority of public healthcare institutions of India. Aims: Neuroendoscopic treatment of hydrocephalus in the setting of minimal resources using utilization of available resources, inter-departmental co-ordination and indigenous innovations. Methods: Study was carried out at a public sector institute of India with scarce resources. Senior author (DKJ) used indigenously designed stainless steel working sheath along with equipments of 'awake endoscopic intubation system' of department of neuroanesthesia and 18 cm, 4 mm, 0° rigid telescope for neuroendoscopic surgeries for various intraventricular pathologies. Results: Thirty-four neuroendoscopic surgeries in 32 patients were done over last 3 years. There were 18 males and 14 females with average age of 23 years. It included hydrocephalus due to tubercular meningitis (n = 19), neurocysticercosis (NCC) (n = 4), intra-ventri...

World neurosurgery, Jan 18, 2017

Skull base surgery needs advanced equipment and is performed at few public sector hospitals in In... more Skull base surgery needs advanced equipment and is performed at few public sector hospitals in India. For financial and infrastructure reasons, the facilities available are insufficient for the large number of poor patients who need this surgery. Neurologically deteriorating poor patients who failed to receive skull base surgery at overloaded public sector hospitals underwent surgery with basic neurosurgical instruments, using the available resources and indigenously designed instruments adhering to the basic principles of skull base surgery. Various lesions operated on in the study were analyzed based on their location and surgical approach. Ninety-one skull base surgeries in 84 patients were performed during 2013-2015. There were 46 males and 38 females, with an average age of 35 years. Surgical treatment included surgery of the craniovertebral junction (n = 43) and lesions of the anterior skull base (n = 7), middle skull base (n = 10), and posterior skull base (n = 31). Lesions w...

The Journal of communicable diseases, 2004

1. J Commun Dis. 2004 Sep;36(3):222-3. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) associated diarrhoeal cases... more 1. J Commun Dis. 2004 Sep;36(3):222-3. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) associated diarrhoeal cases in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi, India. Das S, Goyal R. Dept of Microbiology, UCMS & GTB Hospital, Delhi. PMID: 16509263 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. MeSH Terms: ...

Indian journal of medical sciences, 2002

Methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been responsible for many nosocominl ... more Methicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been responsible for many nosocominl epidemics. Colonised employees of hospital such as asymptomatic nasal and hand carriers act as reservoirs for the spread of this organism within hospital. During a period of three months 150 HCW were screened for nasal and hand colonisation by MRSA. 6.6% (10) HCW were colonised by MRSA and 50% of these were carrying MRSA on both hands and anterior nares. 30% (3) of MRSA strains were multidrug resistant and 60% (6) were resistant to ciproflox. Whether the eradication of MRSA carrier state will lead to decreased rate of MRSA infection is yet to be documented.